Notes: What are cells?

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Notes What are cells?
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California Science Standard (Objective)

• Cell Biology
• - All living organisms are made up of cells from
  one to trillions, their details are only
  visible through a microscope.

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Cell Theory

• Based on research from many scientists
• Its the accepted explanation of the relationship
  between cells living things
• Cell Theory
• - All living things are made of cells
• - Cells are the most basic unit of all living
  things
• - All cells are produced from other cells

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Cells are the building blocks of life

• Types of cells
• Prokaryotic cells or prokaryotes no nucleus
  no membranes surround the organelles (ex.
  bacteria)
• Eukaryotic cells or eukaryotes membranes
  surround the nucleus organelles (ex. Protists,
  fungi, plants animals
• Unicellular are single-celled organisms made up
  of 1 cell (ex. Bacteria)
• Multicellular or multi-celled organisms made up
  of many cells (ex. Plants animals)

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Unicellular Organisms
Paramecium Ameoba
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Multicellular Organisms

• Animal Cell Plant Cell

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Cells are the building blocks of life

• View Brainpop Cells video -http//www.brainpop.com
  /science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cells/preview.wem
  l

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Cell Specialization

• Cell specialization
• When each cell specializes in a certain task
  some cells make fingernails, others become blood
  cells, brain cells, kidney cells, etc.
• View Brainpop Cell Specialization Video
  http//www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgen
  etics/cellspecialization/preview.weml

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Cell Differentiation

• Cell Differentiation
• A process where a less specialized cell becomes a
  more specialized cell type
• View Cell Differentiation Video
  http//www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.l
  ife.stru.different/

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Microscopes

• -Made it possible to discover learn about cells
  
• 1590 - one of the 1st compound microscopes was
  invented by eyeglass makers
• 1663 - Robert Hooke was the 1st person to observe
  dead cells (from a cork oak tree)
• 1683 - Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the 1st person
  to observe living cells (saw one-celled organisms
  found in water from a pond, including bacteria)
• Invented the simple microscope but it could
  magnify 266 times

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Compound Microscope Cork cells
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Microscopes (continued)

• -Use small lenses to make objects looks larger
• -Microscopes have convex lens, curved NOT flat
  the center is thicker than the sides
• -Combine magnification resolution
• -Simple microscopes 1 lens
• -Compound microscopes 2 lenses
• 2 convex lenses, each bends light, making the
  image even larger
• Ex. If the ocular lens has a magnification of 10X
  the objective lens is set to 40X, then the
  TOTAL magnification would 400X

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Magnification

• - Makes objects look larger (ex. magnifying
  glass)
• The lenses in a light microscope magnify an
  object by bending the light that passes through
  them

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Resolution

• -Makes an image clear sharp
• The ability to clearly distinguish the individual
  parts of an object
• The sharpness of an image

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• Blurry image Sharp/Clear image