Equality and diversity in jobs for migrants: Analysis of the personnel policies in European cities Anna Ludwinek Eurofound (Dublin)

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Equality and diversity in jobs for migrants
Analysis of the personnel policies in European
cities Anna LudwinekEurofound (Dublin)
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Outline

• Brief information on Eurofound and CLIP
• Diversity and equality in jobs for migrants key
  findings
• Recommendations (European, national, local)

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European Foundation (Eurofound)

• Established in 1975
• First EU Agency
• (DG Employment Social Affairs)
• Tripartite Board
• To provide information, advice and expertise
  on living and working conditions and industrial
  relations in Europe for key actors in the field
  of EU social policy on the basis of comparative
  information, research and analysis

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European Foundation for the Improvement of Living
and Working Conditions

• Monitoring Surveys Unit
• Comparative analysis of information EU 27
• Network of European Observatories

Employment Competitiveness
Industrial Relations Workplace Developments
Living Conditions Quality of Life
Information Communication Web
content Publications Events
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Integration of migrants as key policy challenge

• Important role of cities in the integration of
  migrants
• Implementation of national integration policies
• Innovative local policy developments
• Indirect part of the emerging coordination
  process on migration policy on EU level (global
  approach to migration)
• Role of EU
• Increasing role of EU on migration and
  integration policies
• Role of CLIP (Cities for Local Integration
  Policy)
• Support cities, EU institutions, Social Partners,
  migrant organisation, NGOs
• Role of research
• Provide knowledge and expertise
• Support dialogue

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Diversity Interaction with different ethnic,
religious and national groups during last week
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Views and experience of European citizens on
discrimination Ethnic origin

• Perceived (Widespread versus rare)?
• EU27 62 widespread versus 33 rare
• Widespread countries
• Denmark, Sweden, Italy, France, Greece, NL
  75-79
• Direct experience?
• EU27 and Spain 2
• Slovakia, Hungary, UK, Luxembourg, Estonia 4-6
• Witnessed in the last 12 months?
• EU27 14
• Perceived discrimination on the labour market
  58
• Base Eurobarometer study (2008 in EU27)

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What is CLIP?

• Cities for Local Integration Policies for
  migrants
• Network 30 European cities managed by the
  European Foundation (EU-Agency) Start January
  2006
• Strategic partners (CoE, CoR, EC, CEMR, ENAR)
• Research support by six leading European research
  centres
• Policy Objectives
• Improve local integration policies and practice
  on the European, national, regional and local
  level
• Organise a systematic exchange of experience on
  what works between local authorities in Europe
• Support the articulation between the European and
  the local level on good experience in order to
  deliver a more effective integration policy for
  migrants

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Who is who? Cities in the CLIP network

• Cities in all regions of Europe
• Participating cities in the network
• Dublin, Newport, Wolverhampton, Antwerp, Liege,
  Amsterdam, Breda, Luxembourg
• Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Arnsberg,
• Prague, Budapest, Zagreb, Tallinn, Wroclaw
• Copenhagen, Turku, Malmo, Sundsvall, Helsinki,
• Terrassa, Mataro, Barcelona, Valencia
• Athens, Lisbon, Torino, Bologna, Istanbul, Izmir,
  Zurich
• Mix of medium sized and larger cities

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How does CLIP operate

• Effective peer review process between cities by
  describing, comparing and evaluating local
  policies
• Combine analysis with action research, build-up
  trust
• Involve organisations of migrants, NGOs, Social
  partners
• Themes
• Housing conditions and segregation of migrants
• Personnel policy of local authorities and
  provision of social services for migrants
• Intercultural relations in particular with Muslim
  communities
• Ethnic entrepreneurship
• Output
• Case studies, comparative analysis, practical
  policy recommendations

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Process

Common Reporting Scheme (CRS)
Research Group
Cities
Case studies
Policy guidelines (local, national EU)
Comparative overview report
Concept documentFramework
Co-operation between reseachers and cities
Steering Commitee
4-day field visits
Time 11 months
Concept
publication
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Diversity and equality policy of CLIP cities

• CLIP focused on two areas
• Personnel policy of cities for migrants
• Administration
• Service provision
• Companies in public ownership
• Service provision for migrants
• Background and importance
• Local authorities are often the largest or second
  largest single employer in the city
• Cities are key service providers to migrants
• Local authorities are a significant employer in
  Europe (4-6)
• Contribution of CLIP
• 25 case studies in European cities
• Overview report and policy recommendations

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Employment profile of migrant workers in local
authorities Availability of informationon
ethnic background

• Over 40 cities have no information as regards
  migrant employees in their staff
• Total numbers
• Occupation or positions of migrants in their
  workforce
• Different views and practices on monitoring

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Share of migrant employees in local authorities
in comparison to population
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Employment profile of migrant employees in local
authorities Quality of employment

• Concentrated in manual/ less senior posts e.g.
  Stuttgart
• Overall figure (services and companies owned)
  10
• Administration 7
• Companies owned 25
• Highest and higher grades 1 to 3
• Clerical grade 8
• Manual grade 41
• High of migrants with short term contracts
• Higher of migrants contracted and outsourced
  services
• Results regarding low quality of employment of
  migrants are confirmed for EU by Employment in
  Europe Report 2008

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Personnel policy of cities regarding migrants
Challenges

• Lack of data on employees with migrant background
  in order to
• Identify problem, analyse barriers
• Monitor progress
• Lack of clear vision
• Importance of city jobs in wider integration
  strategy
• Assumption we treat everyone the same ensures
  equal access to jobs promotion
• Hostile media/staff
• Low staff awareness regarding the value of a
  diverse workforce

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Jobs in local authorities for migrants Barriers

• Legal and procedural restrictions of recruitment
  of third country migrants
• Public administration
• Public service
• Overall reduction of staff in local authorities
• Bar on any recruitment
• Array of different departmental responsibilities
• Language requirements
• Unnecessary high
• Slow recognition of qualifications
• Concerns of customer resistance
• Necessary resources advertising, translation,
  data collection, outreach cost money staff
  time

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Recommendations EU level More guidance and
review restrictions

• Provide guidance for cities on concepts,
  terminology, legal obligations and good practice
• E.g. difference between positive discrimination
  and positive action
• E.g. extent to which contracts with external
  service providers can meet equality standards
  without breaching EU procurement rules
• Publication on new Commission website on
  integration
• Review legal restrictions on access of non-EEA
  nationals to municipal jobs
• Fund comparative study by Commission or FRA
• Investigate Rationale, impact and necessity
• Consider reasonable restrictions

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Recommendations EU level Review strategic
guidelines of European Employment Strategy

• Objective of EES Improve labour market
  integration of migrants and specific groups of
  migrants
• Conditions of local labour markets Cities are
  often the largest or second largest employer
• Role of cities Use the substantial room of
  manoeuvre to implement EES objective regards
  migrants as public employer
• Recommendation for EES Stress the importance of
  cities as direct employers of migrants and as
  role models for the private sector

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Recommendations EU level Strengthening the
sector social dialogue

• Role Social Partners have a key role in the
  influencing employment levels and employment
  conditions for risk groups on the labour market
  such as migrants
• Activity Council of European Municipalities and
  Regions (CEMR) and the European public service
  union (EPSU) started recently
• a sector dialogue on employment, employment
  conditions
• and diversity management in local authorities in
  Europe
• Role of European Commission
• Inventory of innovative collective agreements in
  local authorities on diversity management and
  inclusion of migrants
• Series of European and national seminars with the
  Social Partners to discuss the results of the
  inventory and of the CLIP project
• European Integration Fund

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Recommendations EU level Use of the European
Social Fund (ESF)

• Role ESF plays an important role in developing
  human capital of risk groups on the labour
  market, like migrants
• Conditions Migrants are overrepresented in jobs
  of local authorities with low qualification
• Recommendation Support for training of migrant
  workers of local authorities should be explicitly
  included into the ESF guidelines
• Effect More migrants in higher positions would
  support to overcome the under-representation of
  migrant workers in public authorities

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Recommendations for the national level

• Require cities to promote equality of
  opportunity
• Include local public employment policy in
  national integration plans for migrants
• Encourage national social dialogue
• Review procedures for recognition of
  qualifications
• Inform migrants about their rights

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Recommendations local level

• Move beyond antidiscrimination procedures
• Effective monitoring, review legal and procedural
  barriers to jobs
• Recruitment methods
• Diversity into contracts with external providers
  (Copenhagen, Stuttgart, Wolverhampton)

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• Thank you
• More information on
• http//www.eurofound.europa.eu/areas/populationand
  society/clip.htm
• alu_at_eurofound.europa.eu