Western Europe

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Western Europe

• 600-1450

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Early Middle Ages500-1000

• Political
• Very decentralized
• Unlike Byzantium, Islam, China
• Franks tried to unite and came very close under
  Clovisused Christianity to unite
• 700s Charles Martel _at_ Battle of Tours
• What does he stop?
• Carolingian Empire
• Charlemagne (also a Christian)

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Politics

• Feudalism
• King gives Vassals land in exchange for what?
• Protection and loyalty
• Many lords and vassals became powerful
• No centralized power
• The only thing binding the people together was
  the Church/Christianity
• Head of the Church? The Pope
• The Church owned 1/3 of all the land in Europe
  (this and power)

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Economics

• Serfs/peasants were needing protection
• They worked the land on Fiefs (tracts of land
  owned by Vassals)
• They were tied to the land
• They had to give the majority of their goods to
  the lord and kept a subsistence amount
• These large estates became known as Manors
• Very self sufficient produced everything they
  needed to survivelike what?

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Social/Cultural

• Social rank depended on family status
• Noble women could inherit land, peasant women
  couldnt
• Marriage was a way to better your status
• Social mobility
• Women could escape social duties by joining a
  convent

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• Chess
• Chivalry
• Code of honor for knights
• Lord, lady and God
• Knights had to prove their worth at tournaments
• Monks preserved the classic books by copying them
  by handwho do you think was able to secure a
  book? Everyone?

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Battle of Hastings

• 1066
• William of Normandy took over England
• England became a feudal Monarchy
• William laid the foundation for English power to
  come, established laws and changed the language
  and customs
• Bayeux tapestry

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The Crusades1095-1204

• Pope Urban II
• Christian Knights are called to take back the
  Holy Land (where?)
• Crusade 1 Christians won
• Muslims took it back shortly afterward-led by
  Saladin
• Crusade 3 Kings Crusade (Richard the
  Lionhearted, Philip Augustus, Barbarossa)
• Crusade 4 Knights got a bit distracted as they
  passed through Constantinople (1204)
• 1212Childrens Crusade
• This leads to hatred b/t Christians and Muslims
  still going on today

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High Middle Ages1000-1450

• Towns begin to grow
• Located on riversides
• Bruges, Hamburg, Florence
• Civilization re-emerged
• Guilds, collecting taxes, etc
• Agriculture improved
• Revival of learning
• Vernacular
• Chaucer-Canterbury Tales

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• By the 1400s
• Powerful Monarchies emerged
• SpainFerdinand and Isabella
• Reconquista led to their Inquisition
• England William the Conqueror (Battle of
  Hastings1066) King John signed the Magna Carta
  in 1215
• By the way, what did this do?
• European states began competing for goods, trade
  routes, power
• This competition leads to increased technology
  and a more dominate place it the world economy

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100 Years War

• 1337-1453 (War Log)
• B/T France and England
• Fought over who would take the French throne
• Fought in France
• Joan of Arc-1429
• Battle of Orleans
• She was captured in 1430, burned at the stake
• France Wins but the land is destroyed
• English Longbow

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• Gothic Architecture
• Flying buttresses
• Notre Dame (Paris)
• Bubonic Plague (1340s)
• AKA Black Death
• Ring around the Rosie
• People start to lose faith in the church
• But not lose their religion

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Bubonic Plague
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Italian Renaissance(Rebirth)

• 1300-1500
• Revisit the Classical past of Greece and Rome
• Thanks to the Arabs for preserving them
• Sculptors, painters and artists drew inspiration
  from G and R
• Humanist Ideals emerge
• People matter
• Famous painters/Contributors
• DaVinci, Michelangelo, Donatello, Raphael
• Renaissance Man/Woman
• Medici Family-wealth Merchants, patrons of the
  arts
• Venice and Florence were on good trade routes
• Machiavelli-The Prince

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