CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Hemakumar

2
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CNS
PNS
Brain Spinal Cord
Somatic-Voluntary Autonomous - Involuntary
3
NEURON
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF N.S. THERE ARE
OVER 100 BILLION NEURONS IN N.S.
4
NEUROGLIAL CELLS
ASTROCYTES
OLIGODENDROCYTE
MICROGLIAL CELLS
5
SOMATIC NERVES Vs VISCERAL NERVES
6
G R A Y MATTER vs W H I T E MATTER

7
White Matter vs. Gray Matter

• Both the spinal cord and the brain consist of
• white matter bundles of axons each coated with
  a sheath of myelin
• gray matter masses of the cell bodies and
  dendrites - each covered with synapses

8
3 TYPES OF NEURON FUNCTIONS
9
(No Transcript)
10
MOTOR vs SENSORY
AFFERENT vs EFFERENT
11
CABLE LIKE ARRANGEMENT
12
Electrical signal recording
13
NEURO TRANSMISSION
14
BRAIN SOME FUNCTIONAL AREAS
15
The brain

• receives sensory input from the spinal cord as
  well as from its own nerves (e.g., olfactory and
  optic nerves)
• devotes most of its volume (and computational
  power) to processing its various sensory inputs
  and initiating appropriate - and coordinated -
  motor outputs.

16
(No Transcript)
17
REGIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE BRAIN
18
LATERALITY OF BRAIN FUNCTION

• RIGHT AND LEFT BRAIN
• RIGHT HEMISPHERE SPATIAL ABILITIES
• LEFT HEMISPHERE MUSICAL ABILITY
• GENDER DIFFERENCES
• MALES TEND TO EXHIBIT MORE
• LATERALIZATION OF SPECIFIC TASKS
• FEMALES USE BOTH HEMISPHERES MORE
• SYMMETRICALLY

19
The spinal cord

• conducts sensory information from the peripheral
  nervous system (both somatic and autonomic) to
  the brain
• conducts motor information from the brain to our
  various effectors
• skeletal muscles
• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle
• glands
• serves as a minor reflex center

20

• All the sensory axons pass into the dorsal
  root ganglion where their cell bodies are located
  and then on into the spinal cord itself.
• All the motor axons pass into the ventral
  roots before uniting with the sensory axons to
  form the mixed nerves.

21
TRACTS ASCENDING AND DESCENDING
22
AUTONOUMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM
23
Mapping the Functions of the Brain

• Histology
• The Electroencephalograph (EEG)
• Damage to the Brain
• CT X-ray Computed Tomography
• PET Positron-Emission Tomography
• MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

24
EEG SIGNALS - TIME TESTED
25
MRI of brain
26
FUNCTIONAL MRI
27
PET SCAN IMAGES
28
THANK YOU