Team Fun Presents..

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Team Fun Presents..
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Cloning

• By Names of Team Members

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Main Points

• What is Cloning, and how is it used?
• Positives of Cloning.
• Negatives of Cloning.
• Is it right or wrong?

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What is Cloning

• Cloning- Reproducing a group of organisms, with
  exactly the same genetic material, a duplicate.

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Types of Cloning

• Therapeutic.
• Reproductive.
• Recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning.

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Reproductive Cloning

• Generating an animal that has the same nuclear
  DNA as a current, or previously existing animal.
• SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer.
• Dolly the Sheep

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Reproductive Cloning

• Not truly identical copies.
• The first cloned animal was a tadpole in 1952.

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Adult DNA Cloning

• Removing the DNA from an embryo and replacing it
  with the DNA from a cell removed from an
  individual
• Embryo is then placed into a surrogate mothers
  womb, resulting in a human with identical DNA

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Therapeutic Cloning

• Same procedure as Adult DNA Cloning
• After 5 days, stems cells are extracted and
  embryos are destroyed.
• The stem cells are then encouraged to grow into
  tissue, organs, or quantity of skin

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How Could Cloning be Used?

• DNA cloning can be used to learn more about gene
  therapy, genetic engineering of organisms, and
  sequencing genomes.
• Repopulate endangered species.
• Mass produce animals for specific purposes. eg.
  Genetically altered animals to be used for
  studying human disease.

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How Could Cloning be Used

• Produce human organs, or single cells to replace
  damaged or diseased ones.

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Positives

• Fewer natural animals would be used for human
  studies.
• Infinite food sources. (cloned animals and
  plants)
• Ability to produce super humans
• Organ transplants.
• Less donors, shorter waiting lists.

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Negatives

• Cloning is not cheap.
• Success rate, it took 277 tries to create Dolly,
  and that is just one sheep.
• Ability to create super humans.
• Cloned armies.
• Clones have same genotypes, if a disease that is
  fatal to that genotype wipes everyone out.

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Negatives

• Imagine having two of the exact same person.

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Is Cloning Right?

• What are the moral and ethical beliefs concerning
  cloning?

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Religious Concerns

• When are we dealing with human cells and when are
  we dealing with a human?
• Will a cloned being share the same conscience as
  the original?
• Human body vs Human being
• Playing God

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Ethical Concerns

• Society has not been able to reach a clear
  consensus on the morality of human cloning
• Physical harm to embryo
• Psychological harm to child
• Possible Objectification of Children

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Physical Harm To Embryo

• Fear clones have accelerated aging
• More cloning on animals to reduce margin of error

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Psychological Harm to Child

• Child will suffer a diminished sense of
  individualism
• Child may think that their life path is
  constrained by that of their gene donor

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Objectification of Children

• By giving parents complete control over the
  genome of the children, parents and larger
  society might begin to view children as objects
  and not recognize that they have worth in and of
  themselves.

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Works Cited

• http//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome
  /elsi/forensics.shtml
• http//globalchange.com/clonech.htm
• http//library.thinkquest.org/18258/cloning.htm
• http//truth101.org/vs-human-cloning.html
• http//www.cs.virginia.edu/jones/tmp352/projects9
  8/group1/ethic.html