iMarine Impact Laboratory: Creating a new laboratory to analyze water surface impact via the World Wide Web.

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iMarine Impact Laboratory Creating a new
laboratory to analyze water surface impact via
the World Wide Web.

• Tadd Truscott
• MIT Ocean Engineering
• January 24, 2004

An apparatus for water surface impact
experimentation developed as part of the iMarine
WebLab project.
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Introduction
Design
Construction Implementation
System Integration
Experimentation
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Outline

• Motivation
• Project overview
• Project Design
• System Integration and Control
• Project Applications
• Experimentation
• The next step

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Motivation

• Numerical Method Validation - Experiments
  validate theories and numerical techniques. They
  also promote scientific discovery. Help break
  down or diversify the problem.
• Education - web-based teaching tools.
• Naval Architecture - modern approaches to naval
  architecture problems educating the next
  generation of naval architects.
• Synergy - integrating classroom learning with
  numerical simulations and experimentation for a
  more comprehensive understanding of fluid
  dynamics.

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Critical thought process deriving empirical
conclusions and reiterating on the process to
further scientific knowledge.

• Scientific Method
• Observation and description of phenomenon.
• Formulation of a hypothesis to explain phenomenon
  (i.e. Mathematical model).
• Prediction based on Hypothesis.
• Performance of an experiment to test prediction
  and hypothesis.

• Educational Method
• Lecture or reading to learn principle.
• Application of principle to students interests
  (i.e. Homework or research).
• Prediction based on principle in research or
  homework.
• Performance of an experiment to test
  understanding (real world observation and
  experimentation solidifies understanding best).

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Combining resources

• Online laboratory concepts help combine resources
• Create libraries of articles and literature.
• Collection of modern numerical simulations and
  models.
• WebLabs allow users to remotely and safely run
  experiments, computational simulations, and
  process data on-line.
• Collection of experiments can be harvested for
  trends etc.
• Help create networks of common research, and
  researchers.
• Stimulate students interests.
• Three types of online laboratories
• Batch - student sets parameters, and collects
  data (i.e. weblab.mit.edu).
• Sensor - data collection only (i.e.
  flagploe.mit.edu, Rutgers www.coolclassroom.com).
• Interactive - students set parameters at
  intervals during sensor data collection (i.e.
  heatex.mit.edu)

The concept of Internet accessible labs
encourages cross-institution cooperation. One can
easily imagine students at one university using a
laboratory made accessible by a second
university. Schools or universities may decide to
share the cost of an expensive laboratory and
physically establish it at a convenient location.
One can also imagine government participation
that would offer limited access to national
laboratories or facilities like the International
Space Station. In time, as online labs
proliferate, we may require a discovery process
by which a faculty member (or a student) can
locate an online lab that offers a particular
experiment or technology. iCampus Project
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I-Marine Main

• I-Simulate
• LAMP
• M5D
• SWAN
• Wigley Hull
• Potential flow
• Added Mass
• Munk Moment
• Waves

• I-Learn
• Lectures
• Museum
• Photo Archives
• Literature resources
• Links

• I-Experiment
• Impact
• Wave maker
• Spray

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I-Experiment

• Impact lab
• Free surface interface interaction
• Ship Slamming
• Mine Dropping
• Hydrodynamics
• Splash formation
• Viscous effects
• Three dimensional effects
• Air entrainment
• Instabilities make it interesting (i.e. surface
  tension, ball size, imperfections etc).
• Variable speeds.
• Repeatability

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Impact Lab Overview
Objects in loader
Counter-rotating shooter wheels
Sensors instrumentation
Vi
Video acquisition
h2o
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Project Timeline
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Tank Design

• Tank
• Acrylic - similar index of refraction to water.
• Adjustable window 16 to 20
• Dimensions
• Depth 6 ft
• Length 6 ft
• Width 3ft
• 800 Gallons full
• Weight
• Full Tank and frame 6500 lbs

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Shooting/Firing Mechanism Design

• Shooter
• Based on a pitching wheel.
• Adjustable golf balls to basketballs.
• Specifications
• Wheels 16 in
• Frame 60 in X 18 in
• Wheels 0-1700 rpm
• 35 mph for baseball
• Rotate frame lt15º
• Linear position
• Firing
• Acrylic container (7 balls)
• Holds 7 balls
• 1.5 in - 2.25 in
• Solenoid actuator
• Firing sequence
• Billiard balls

Pacesettergroup.com
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Instrument Design

• Instrumentation
• Camera X-Stream VISION XS-3
• Resolution 1280X1024 1.3 Mpix
• Pixel size 12X12 micron
• Plug and Play real time
• Trigerable
• 628 - 32000 fps (resolution based)
• 4 GB memory 10 seconds _at_ 600 Hz
• C-mount
• USB 2
• Wave Probes
• Analog voltage sensors
• RPM and Break Beams
• ROS-W (remote optical sensor)
• Mounting

IDT X-Stream VISION XS-3
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System Integration and control

• Hardware
• Motors
• 2 Bodine EC Inverted AC 177-3500 RPM
• 2 Superior Electric Slo-Syn KML series 200
  steps/rev Stepper motors
• 1 Linear motion screw drive Nook EZM 3010
• Worm Drive Grove Gear OE Series 134-3
• Motor Controllers
• Pacesetter computer analog adjustable speed
  drive.
• National Instruments DAQ - Voltage Frequency
  I/O
• National Instruments UMI 7764 - Digital In /
  Analog Out
• Grayhill Relay Board - Analog Voltage I/O

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System Control

• Automation
• Synchronization
• System Processing
• Flow Chart

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System Flow chart
http//imarine.mit.edu

• User Inputs
• RPM
• Angle
• Camera Options

Impact Lab CPU
Server
LabView
UMI 7764
High Speed Video
DAQ
RPM Break Beams
Worm Gear
Solenoid Control
Wheel Motors
Linear Screw Drive
Wave Probes
Shooting Mechanism
Postion
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Video Overview

• Filmed at 100 fps
• Shot at 1000 RPM
• 28 mm lens _at_ 3 m

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Applications

• Research
• Numerical Problems
• Use experiments to validate numerical models and
  vice versa.
• There are challenges with high speed/highly 3D
  hydro problems using numerical simulations so
  experiments can help
• Experiments arent always the answer.
• Teaching
• Ocean engineering
• Ship Slamming
• Military
• Shallow angle of incidence
• Spinning projectiles

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Curveball History

• Robins, Benjamin 1742. New Principles of Gunnery.
• Magnus, Gustav 1853. Magnus Effect. Berlin
  Academy of Sciences award.
• Arthur Candy Cummings 1867. First pitcher in
  baseball to pitch a curveball.
• Strutt, John W. Lord Rayleigh 1877. On the
  irregular flight of a tennis ball.
• Maccoll, J. W. 1928. Aerodynamics of a spinning
  sphere. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical
  Society.
• Barkla, H. M., Auchterlonie, L. J. 1971. The
  Magnus or Robbins effect on Rotating spheres. JFM
  
• Brown, F. N. M. 1971. See the wind blow.
• Mehta, Rabindra D. 1985. Aerodynamics of Sports
  Balls. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech.
• Watts, R.G., Ferrer, R. 1987. The lateral force
  on a spinning sphere Aerodynamics of a
  curveball. American Journal of Physics.

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Hydrodynamics of Curveballs
Free Body Diagram

• http//wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/instructor/cur
  veball-01.html

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Video of curveball

• 600 fps
• 50 mm lans _at_ 1 m
• 1700 RPM release
• 2200 RPM spin
• 0º entry angle
• 15 Billiard ball

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Video of curveball up close

• 600 fps
• 50 mm lans _at_ 1 m
• 1700 RPM release
• 2200 RPM spin
• 0º entry angle
• 15 Billiard ball

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Data vs. Theory
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Next Step

• Data
• Cl vs omega
• Cd vs omega
• Continue research into high reynolds
• 3-d PIV

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Conclusion - Where we have been.
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General Impact

• History - prior research on surface impact have
  this for a backup slide