COVERAGE AND DISCREPANCIES EDUCATION INDICATORS FOR MDGS

1
COVERAGE AND DISCREPANCIES EDUCATION INDICATORS
FOR MDGS

• Regional Workshop On Education Indicators For
  Millennium Development Goals
• Rogner Hotel Europark, Tirana, Albania, 21-22
  November 2012

2
Content Presentation

• Millennium Development Goals
• Coverage and discrepancies education indicators
  for MDGs
• Additional Indicators for national and regional
  Monitoring

3
MDGs Targeting Development

• Spare no effort to free our fellow men, women
  and children from the abject and dehumanizing
  conditions of extreme poverty
• Aim Development ? reduce poverty increase
  quality of life

4
Millennium Declaration

• Unanimously adopted by 152 heads of states
  present at the General Assembly in September 2000
  at the Millennium Summit
• Largest international effort to reduce poverty
  and improve livelihood
• Commitment to the people
• Responsibility of Governments towards people
• Under UN leadership

5
Millennium Declaration MDGs

• Main output Initiation of the MDGs
• Framework for national policy making and measures
  progress
• For each Goal, Targets are set and Indicators to
  measure set by all countries
• Integrated approach Goals and Target are
  interrelated
• Time-bound and quantified
• Base year situation in 1990
• Deadline 2015

6
Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education

• Target 2.A Ensure that, by 2015, children
  everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to
  complete a full course of primary schooling
• 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
• 2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who
  reach last grade of primary
• Primary Completion rate
• 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and
  men
• Women to man parity index

7
Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women

• Target 3.A Eliminate gender disparity in primary
  and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and
  in all levels of education no later than 2015
• 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary education
• 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in secondary
  education
• 3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in tertiary education
• 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the
  non-agricultural sector
• 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national
  parliament

8
Overview Reporting on education indicators for MDG

• Only official estimates as published in
• National MDG Reports
• 63 Reports from 29 countries
• Dedicated National MDG Websites
• 4 Websites from 4 countries
• Official International MDG data from UNSD and
  UNECE MDG-database
• Not Statistical Yearbooks, general databases or
  other reports and websites at national or
  international level
• NSO often not responsible for production of
  national MDG-report (often limited to providing
  data)

9
Reports available to UNECE

• Albania 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2010
• Armenia 2001, 2005, 2010, web
• Azerbaijan 2005, web
• Bosnia-Herz. 2004, 2010
• Georgia 2004 , 2005, 2006
• Kyrgyzstan 2005, 2009/2010, web
• Moldova 2005, 2010 web
• Tajikistan 2003 , 2005, 2010

10
Websites known to UNECE (and accessible)

• Armenia ArmeniaInfo (www.armdevinfo.am)
• Azerbaijan www.azstat.org/MDG/MDG_.shtml
• Kyrgyzstan www.stat.kg/stat.files/mdg
• Moldova statbank.statistica.md/pxweb/ (before
  2012 www.devinfo.md)
• If not listed, please provide link to your
  national MDG website

11
Coverage Education Indicators in National MDG
Reports
2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1p 3.1s 3.1t
Albania 18 6 5 14 11 6
Armenia 11 13 2 13 13 11
Azerbaijan 21 21 4 3 3 3
Bosnia Herzegovina 3 2 2 3 3 3
Georgia 5 0 1 5 5 5
Kyrgyzstan 21 11 3 0 21 10
Moldova 12 0 10 0 0 0
Tajikistan 5 0 1 7 0 0

Data points available . 0 1 2-4 5-9 10
12
Coverage Education Indicators in International
MDG database
2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1p 3.1s 3.1t
Albania 8 5 2 10 9 7
Armenia 7 5 2 10 10 12
Azerbaijan 13 11 3 13 12 13
Bosnia Herzegovina 2 1 2 4 4 3
Georgia 6 9 2 13 10 13
Kyrgyzstan 12 11 2 12 13 11
Moldova 11 10 2 13 13 12
Tajikistan 11 11 2 13 12 12

Data points available . 0 1 2-4 5-9 10
13
Coverage Education Indicators in National MDG
Reports
2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1p 3.1s 3.1t
Belarus 20 14 5 20 20 20
Croatia 0 1 1 0 0 0
Kazakhstan 14 0 0 0 0 0
Montenegro 8 3 3 0 0 0
Romania 9 0 0 9 0 0
Serbia 2 8 2 0 0 0
Macedonia 0 6 1 10 10 10
Turkey 20 0 18 20 20 19
Turkmenistan 2 0 1 0 0 0
Ukraine 3 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbekistan 4 0 0 0 0 0

Data points available . 0 1 2-4 5-9 10
14
Coverage Education Indicators in International
MDG database
2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1p 3.1s 3.1t
Belarus 10 10 2 12 9 12
Croatia 11 9 3 11 11 11
Kazakhstan 11 11 2 12 12 12
Montenegro 8 0 1 8 8 10
Romania 12 11 2 13 13 13
Serbia 7 3 2 12 12 4
Macedonia 12 8 2 12 11 13
Turkey 12 5 5 12 12 12
Turkmenistan 0 0 1 0 0 0
Ukraine 9 8 2 13 13 12
Uzbekistan 4 12 2 13 12 11

Data points available . 0 1 2-4 5-9 10
15
Coverage 2.1 Total net enrolment ratio in primary
education
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 9 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 3
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 9
Azerbaijan 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 2 3
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 9
Kyrgyzstan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Tajikistan 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
By sex 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 9 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 3
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9
Azerbaijan 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 9 9 9
Kyrgyzstan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3
16
Coverage 2.1 Total net enrolment ratio in primary
education
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Belarus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 3
Croatia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 3
Kazakhstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Montenegro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Macedonia 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Romania 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Serbia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3
Turkey 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9
Turkmenistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Ukraine 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Uzbekistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
17
Coverage 2.2 Percentage of pupils starting grade
1 who reach last grade of primary
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 4 4 3 9 9 9 4 2 2 9
Armenia 4 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4
Azerbaijan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 3 9
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 3 3 9
Kyrgyzstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
By Sex 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 9 9 3 9 9 9 4 2 2 9
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9
Azerbaijan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 3 9
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 3 3 9
Kyrgyzstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 9 9 3 3 9
18
Coverage 2.2b Primary completion rate, both sexes
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9
Azerbaijan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Kyrgyzstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
19
Coverage 2.3 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old,
both sexes, percentage
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 2 4 9 9 9 9 9 1 4 9
Armenia 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Azerbaijan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 4 1 4
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 3
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Kyrgyzstan 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
By Sex 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 4 9
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Azerbaijan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 4 2 4
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 3
Georgia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Kyrgyzstan 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 9
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 3
20
Coverage 3.1 Gender Parity Index in primary level
enrolment
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 3 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 3
Armenia 4 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Azerbaijan 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 3 2 3
Georgia 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Kyrgyzstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Moldova 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tajikistan 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
21
Coverage 3.1 Gender Parity Index in primary level
enrolment
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Belarus 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Croatia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 9 3 3 3 3 3 3
Kazakhstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Montenegro 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Romania 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Serbia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Macedonia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Turkey 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 9
Turkmenistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Ukraine 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Uzbekistan 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
22
Coverage 3.1 Gender Parity Index in secondary
level enrolment
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 3 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 9 2 2 4 4 4 3 3 3
Armenia 4 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Azerbaijan 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 2 2 2
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 3 2 3
Georgia 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 9 3 9 9
Kyrgyzstan 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Moldova 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
23
Coverage 3.1 Gender Parity Index in tertiary
level enrolment
Total 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2010
Albania 9 3 9 9 9 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 9 9
Armenia 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Azerbaijan 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2
Bosnia Herzegovina 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 3 2 3
Georgia 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Kyrgyzstan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 9
Moldova 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Tajikistan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
  1 National International National International National International National International National International   3 Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data Only International data   9 No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National No International or National
  2 National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International National ltgt International   4 Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data Only National data                
24
Conclusions Coverage/Discrepancies

• National coverage reasonably good
• International coverage good
• However
• Discrepancies between national and international
  data
• Discrepancies in available years between national
  and international data
• Large discrepancies in values
• Definitions, methods and sources differ
• Metadata needed to explain discrepancies

25
Additional indicators used for monitoring
Education in MDGs

• Most countries in the UNECE region use other
  indicators for monitoring national progress in
  education
• Alternative indicators to replace unavailable
  official
• Additional indicators (and Targets/Goals) that
  are more relevant in the national context
• Disaggregates
• By sex
• By rural/urban or regions
• Minority and/or disadvantaged groups

26
Additional Indicators Education

• Only if time-series reported for indicator and/or
  if indicator included in table
• Over 300 different labels for indicators
  (excluding disaggregations)
• Naming of the variables not uniform definitions
  and concepts not always clear
• If grouped into similar indicators 100
• Number of indicators per country range from 2 to
  29 (including disaggregations 2 to 53)

27
Indicators published that cover net-enrolment in
primary education part 1

• Net enrolment in primary education
• Net enrolment in primary education (grades 1-4)
• Net primary education1-4 enrolment rate
• Net enrollment rate in the initial stage of
  primary education (1-4 grades)
• Net enrolment rate in general primary education
• Net primary school enrolment rate
• Enrolment ratio in primary education
• Enrolment in primary education
• Primary education enrolment rate
• Percent of boys and girls of primary school age
  who are pupils
• Coverage in primary education
• Net enrolment rate for children aged 6-9 in
  primary programmes

28
Indicators published that cover net-enrolment in
primary education part 2

• Net enrollment rate in the junior high stage of
  primary education (5-8 grades)
• Share of children enrolled in elementary and
  primary education (715 years old)
• Secondary education enrolment as of population
  of 7-15-year-olds
• Enrolment rate in elementary education
• Enrolment rate in compulsory education
• Enrolment in basic education
• Enrolment in basic education (grades 5-9)
• Similar variation used referring to Basic
  education, Secondary (lower/upper) education and
  other indicators

29
Additional Indicators used most frequently
(number of countries)

• Net enrolment in Secondary Education (16)
• Education budget as of GDP (9)
• Drop-out rate (10)
• primary education (7)
• Other drop-out rates (5)
• Net enrolment in pre-school education (7)
• Net enrolment in Tertiary education (6)
• Completion rate secondary education (6)
• Education budget as of Government budget (5)
• Net enrolment in Basic Education (5)

30
Other Indicators used (by 3-6 countries)

• Used in International monitoring
• Completion rate primary education (5)
• Completion rate secondary education (6)
• Ratio of literate women to men 1524 years old
  (5)
• Alternative Indicators
• Gross enrolment in primary education (4)
• Gross enrolment in secondary education (6)
• Gross enrolment in Basic Education (5)
• Literacy rate 15 (6)

31
Conclusions

• More frequently used additional indicators are
  related to secondary and tertiary education,
  budget for education and drop-out rate
• Coverage additional international indicators not
  common (lt20)
• Some countries cannot produce net enrolment rates
  (and use gross)
• For national policy needs, countries need
  specific national indicators
• Harmonization in terminology and naming of
  concepts/definition needed