Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan

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Biomarker / Penanda hayati di dalam penilaian
kesehatan dan resiko lingkungan
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Pencemaran Lingkungan Penyakit
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(No Transcript)
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1.1. Definition

• Risiko Bahaya x Pemaparan

• Kualitatif atau kuantitatif
• Pada tingkat individual atau
• tingkat populasi

• Skala ruang dan waktu

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Prediksi
1.2. Tujuan penilaian risiko
Peringatan dini

• Batas batas deteksi pemaparan

Kesehatan Ekosistem!
Kesehatan Manusia
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PENELITIAN
1.3 Procedure Penilaian Risiko
/Manajemen risiko
PENILAIAN RISIKO
MANAJEMEN RISIKO
Development of regulatory options
Observations (laboratory, field)
Hazard identification
Extrapolation methods
Evaluation of Public, health, economic, social,
political consequences of regulatory options
EDRA
Risk-A
Measures, Characteristics of populations
Exposure assessment
Agency decisions and actions
EDRA Exposure-Dose- Response Assessment
Risk-A Risk characterization
NAS/NRC, 1983
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320 Senyawa kimia 60
carcinogen
1.2. Tujuan penilaian risiko
Secara umum
700 Kimia Organik
40 carcinogens
NIEHSsFY Budget,1998
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1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia
dan lingkungan
Integrasi

Kombinasi proses penaksiran resiko bagi manusia,
biota dan sumberdaya lingkungan di dalam satu
penilaian
WHO, 2001
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1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia
dan lingkungan
Suter, et al. 2005
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1.4. Integrasi penilaian risiko bagi manusia
dan lingkungan
Alasan utama penggabungan proses penilaian

• Memperbaiki kualitas penilaian melalui
• pertukaran informasi antara asesor
• kesehatan manusia dan resiko lingkungan
• Meningkatkan input yang lebih terintegrasi
• bagi penentu kebijakan

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BIOMARKER
2.1. Definisi
ENVIRONMENT HEALTH
HUMAN HEALTH

• indicator of normal biological processes,
  pathogenic processes
• or pharmacological
• responses to a therapeutic intervention

• any biological response to an environmental
  chemical at the individual level or below
  demonstrating a departure from normal status

Peakall,1994
B.D.W.G, 2001
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2.2 Tipe dan peranan biomarker
Moore, et al. 2004

• BIOMARKERS ALWAYS EXPRESSED
• at the sub-organismal level
• cellular, physiological or behavioural

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KATAGORI BIOMARKER
2.2 Tipe dan peranan biomarker
Dosin internal
kepekaan
Efek awal secara biologis

• dosin efektif secara biologis

Hulka et al.,1990
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Metabolit PAH dalam Urinary (biomarker of
internal dose)
2.3 Contoh

• Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene - sensitive biomarker
• in humans from 1985
• biomarker in invertebrates?

Ariese et al., 2005
Profil metabolit PAH adalah senyawa specifik
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Kepekaan organ sasaran biomarker Pestisida
2.3 Contoh

• Perubahan kepekaan organ sasaran

Induksi toleransi
Perbedaan sumber dan komposisi polutan lingkungan
MANUSIA
INVERTEBRATA
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3. Conclusion
Focusing on a single media, a single source, and
a single toxic endpoint (paramétres)
Not enough
Need integrated, holistic approach, with
multichemical, multimedia, multiroute, and
multispecies exposures
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3. Conclusion
Integration
Appealing (séduisante) and really important
But

• Protection of humans isn't inevitably a result
  of protection of nonhuman organisms and
  ecosystems

• Nonhuman may be more exposed or more sensitive
  than humans .

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3. Conclusion

• Radical selection of biomarkers

• Exchange with different disciplines

• Cooperation between the human and
• environmental risk assessments

Owen et al, 2008
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3. Conclusion

• complexity of ecosystems

• unique biology of the
• individual

• Honesty transparency
• and communication