Pilgrims and Puritans: Calvinism comes to 17th Century America

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Pilgrims and PuritansCalvinism comes to 17th
Century America

• From the Reformation to the Constitution
• Bill Petro
• your friendly neighborhood historian

www.billpetro.com/v7pc
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ObjectivesBy the end of this session you should
be able to

• Trace the growth of religion in America
• Examine differences between Pilgrims Puritans
• Detail distinctives of American Puritanism
• Outline the decline of New England theology

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Reformation Traditions
Lutheranism Episcopal
Anabaptist Congregational Mennonites
English Separatists English Baptists
Anglican Episcopal Church of England
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American Church History
Colonial National Modern
1787
1865
Calvinism
Arminianism Biblistic Rationalism
Liberalism Subjectivism Existentialism
Theocentrism Anthropocentrism
Liberalism
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Pilgrims

• England ? Holland ? England ? America
• 1620 Plymouth to Plymouth Rock
• 102 passengers
• Mayflower Compact
• Plymouth Colony1st permanent New England
  settlement

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Plymouth Rock
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First Thanksgiving

• 1621
• Gov Wm. Bradford proclaimeda day of
  thanksgiving and prayer

• More billpetro.com/holidayhistory

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Puritans

• Non-separating Congregationalists
• Each congregation independent
• Church of England true church
• Repentant church membership
• England might imitate their New England.

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Puritan Grievances

• Marian Exiles returned under Elizabeth
• James I a sympathetic Protestant?
• Charles I married Henrietta Maria, Catholic
  princess
• Catholic lords given important posts
• Archbishop of Canterbury, William Lauds Roman
  practices

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John Winthrop

• 1630-1649
• Governor of Massachusetts Bay Company
• Founder of Boston
• Sermon Model of Christian Charity
• City upon a Hill

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Colonies 1650
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Pilgrims vs. Puritans
Few
Many
Early (1620)
Later (1629-30)
Poor class
Upper middle class
Uneducated
Educated
Separatists from state church
Loyal
Settled in Plymouth
Salem, Boston
Wm. Bradford, Wm. Brewster
John Endicott, Miles Standish, John Winthrop
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Puritan Myths vs. Reality
Haunting fear that someone, somewhere may be
happy
Books, music, beer, rum, swam, skated, bowled
Wore black
Blue, violet, green, yellow
Narrow minded
100 Oxford Cambridge
Dumme Doggs
Established Harvard after 6 years
Women sheltered
Literate, well read, managed household
Song-less
A capella, in unison
Minority
1776 75 of Puritan roots
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The New England Primer (1683)
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Education in Puritan New England

• Private EducationReading, Writing
• Grammar School Grammar, Rhetoric,
  ArithmeticLatin, Greek, Hebrew
• College Arts Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric,
  Arithmetic, Geometry, AstronomyPhilosophies
  Metaphysics, Ethics, Natural ScienceAlso Greek,
  Hebrew, Ancient History

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Cotton Mather

• 1663-1728
• Best-known New England Puritan divine of his
  generation
• Published 450 books and pamphlets
• Accused, unfairly, of instigating the Salem
  witchcraft trials

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Plain Puritan Sermons

• Text
• Doctrine
• Uses
• Applications

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New England Bible Commonwealths

• Sought guidance of Scripture for all aspects of
  citizens lives
• Scripture authority in criminal statutes

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The English Bible in the 16th Century

• Wycliffe 1380
• Gutenberg 1450
• Tyndale 1525
• Coverdale 1535
• Matthew 1537
• Taverner 1539
• Great 1539
• Geneva 1560
• Bishops 1568
• Rheims-Douai (NT) 1582
• King James 1611

Less than 100 years 9 translations
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Geneva Bible

• 1560 in Geneva
• Leader William Whittingham, sister of John
  Calvin
• Used by the Pilgrims Puritans in New England
• 1560 1630 200 editions
• Bible of Shakespeare, Bunyan, Cromwells Army

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KJV Bible

• Committee of English scholars between 1607-1611
• "Authorized Version
• 1st carried by John Winthrop to Massachusetts in
  1630
• Supplanted Geneva Bible

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Puritan Ecclesiastical Theory
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Decline of New England Theology

• 1643 11 church membership
• Preaching of the Jeremiad
• 1657 Half-Way Covenant
• Secularized state
• 1677 Stoddardeanism Very open Communion
• Secularized church
• 1691 Massachusetts a Royal Colony
• No religious bans
• 1692 Salem Witch Trials

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Salem Witch Trials
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1-Word Summary

• Catholic Church Merit
• Luther Justification
• Zwingli Sovereignty
• Anabaptists Believers Baptism
• Calvin Omnipotence
• Arminius Ability
• Calvinism TULIP
• Knox Thundering
• Henry VIII Married
• Pilgrims Separatists
• Puritans Saints