Urinary System

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Urinary System
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KIDNEY
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Renal capsule
Outer layer of kidney
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Renal cortex
Superficial reddish area
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Renal medulla
Deep darker area containing the pyramids and
columns
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Renal column
Area between the pyramids
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Renal pyramid
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4
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Minor calyx
Each kidney contains 8-18
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Major calyx
Each kidney contains 2-3
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Renal pelvis
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Renal hilum
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Ureter
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Bladder
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trigone
Contains the 2 ureteral openings
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Detrusor muscle
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Transitional epithelium
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Urethra
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Prostatic urethra
Portion of the urethra that passes through the
prostate
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Membranous urethra
Intermediate and shortest section of the male
urethra
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Penile urethra
Portion of the urethra that passes through the
penis
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Internal urethral sphincter
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External urethral sphincter
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RENAL BLOOD SUPPLY
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Renal artery
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Segmental artery
Renal artery divides and each segmental artery
supplies one renal region
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Interlobar artery
Blood vessels that pass through the columns
between the pyramids
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Arcuate artery
Blood vessels that form an arc between the cortex
and the medulla
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Interlobular artery
Branch from arcuate arteries to enter the cortex
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Afferent arteriole
Branches from interlobular arteries and is where
blood enters glomerulus
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Glomerulus
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Efferent arteriole
Blood exits glomerulus
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Peritubular capillaries
efferent arterioles divide to surround portions
of the nephron in the cortex
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Vasa recta
Some efferent arterioles have long loop-shaped
capillaries that surround portions of the nephron
in the medulla
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Interlobular vein
Peritubular capillaries reunite to form
interlobular veins Interlobular veins also
receive blood from the vasa recta
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Arcuate vein
Receives blood from the interlobular veins
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Interlobar vein
Pass through the renal columns and receives blood
from arcuate veins
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Segmental vein
Receives blood from the interlobar veins
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Renal vein
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Nephron
Contains one renal corpuscle and its renal tubule
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Renal corpuscle

• Lies in the cortex and contains
• Glomerulus
• Bowmans Capsule

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Glomerulus
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Glomerular (Bowmans) capsule
Double walled epithelial cup that surrounds the
glomerulus
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Visceral layer of Bowmans capsule
Nucleus of podocyte
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Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
(orange twisted)
Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex
and is attached to the glomerulus and coiled
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Loop of Henle
Also called a nephron loop Extends into the
medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and returns to the
cortex
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Descending limb
(orange straight)
Portion of the nephron loop that descends from
the PCT into the medulla
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Ascending limb
(purple straight)
Portion of the nephron loop that ascends from
medulla and returns to the cortex, attaching to
the DCT
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Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
(purple twisted)
Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex
and is attached to the collecting duct and coiled
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Collecting tubule (duct)
Several DCTs drain into one collecting duct
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Distant Convoluted Tubule
Afferent arteriole
Regulates arterial blood pressure and the rate of
blood filtration by the kidneys
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Macula densa
Tall crowded cells on the wall of the distal
convoluted tubule that monitor ion concentration
of the fluid passing through
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Juxtaglomerular cells
In the wall of the afferent arteriole These are
modified smooth muscle fibers
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Types of nephrons
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cortical
80-85 of nephrons
Nephrons that have a short loop of Henle and
glomeruli in the superficial region of the cortex
Cortex Medulla
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juxtamedullary
15-20 of nephrons
Cortex Medulla
Nephrons that have glomeruli in the cortex close
to the medulla and a long loop of Henle that
spans the medulla