The Health Risks pertaining to safety / security / comfort / other health aspects

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The Health Riskspertaining to safety / security
/ comfort / other health aspects

• Class 3 of course 7y710

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Health is more than Comfort
Source http//www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.
html
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Safety Natural catastrophes ?
From Judith A.M. Khalil mailtogakhalil_at_hotmail.
com Sent woensdag 7 september 2005
1400Subject FW Photos from Hurricane Katrina
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A hurricane passed
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Entire side of windows blown out, Hyatt.
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Some days later dykes collapsed
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• School buses under water

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Downtown New Orleans
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Aerial view of New Orleans
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Safety Security
Terrorism

1. Easy and cheap (in money) to perform
2. Societal disruption to open the way for a new
   society, may be the aim
3. Revenge may be the aim
4. Showing off may be the aim
5. A smart design of building (services) may
   decrease terrorist risks
6. Combating poverty as a long-term solution

Modern terrorism will be with us for decades!
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Anthrax Bioterrorism
Fate of the Victim

1. First symptoms after 12 Hours to 5 Days
2. Treatment only effective the first day
3. Skin infection red-brown papule with pus and
   later a black crust flu-like symptoms few but
   some deaths
4. Food-borne infection with 100 intact mucous
   membranes no infection damaged mucous
   membranes alimentary canal and lymph nodes die
   off slowly, 100 mortality without timely
   treatment
5. Lung infection lymph system dies off, later also
   heart and lungs, 100 mortality without timely
   treatment

Anthrax spores may stay viable for decades!
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The lesser risks
Comfort Nuisance / Hindrance Stress
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Comfort Dutch ? English

1. Comfort
2. Convenience
3. Facilities

Source Van Dale Groot Woordenboek
Nederlands-Engels. Utrecht, 1991
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Discomfort

1. Absence of comfort uneasiness distress
   inconvenience hardship perceived risks
2. Anything causing this

Comfort

1. Relief from pain, grief, distress, etc
2. A state of ease and quiet enjoyment, free from
   worry, pain, etc
3. A person or thing that comforts

Source Websters new twentieth century
dictionary of the English Language. William
Collins, 1979
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Comfort on a Time Line

• Here and Now short-term effects
• (classical comfort security)
• Up to a high age long-term effects
• (classical health safety)

Sustainable Comfort includes both
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Environmental Discomfort or Stress

• Thermal
• Acoustic
• Visual / Lighting
• Olfactory
• Aesthetic
• Emotional
• Social

Chronic and Acute Discomfort may lead to disease
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Comfort Health

• Comfortable in one category may bring discomfort
  in another
• Comfort may be unhealthy
• Discomfort may lead to disease
• Health is more than comfort

Improving Quality of Live ? Increasing Comfort
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Older Users Comfort

• Older persons have a reduced tolerance for
  thermal stress
• Comfortable temperature 18-24 C
• Temperature constant in time and place,
• then Resistance to stress further reduced

Comfort may be unhealthy
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Which of these is Stress?

1. Your mother dies
2. You receive an extremely high mark for a course
3. You sleep less than 8 hours / night
4. You improve the finishing of your residence
5. Your best friend and his/her partner come to stay
   at your house for a week
6. You experience a chronic allergy
7. You go on vacation
8. You move to a better residence

Source http//www.teachhealth.com
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Stress Scaling 1-100 for preceding 12 months
100 Your mother died 25 You received an
extremely high mark for a course 25 You slept
less than 8 hours / night 20 You improved the
finishing of your residence 20 Your best
friend and his/her partner came to stay at your
house for a week 20 You experienced a chronic
allergy 15 You moved to a better residence
10 You went on vacation
Source http//www.teachhealth.com
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Overstress or Chronic Stress
is a health risk
Source http//www.teachhealth.com
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Overstress or Chronic Stress in preceding 12
months
Brain fatigue, aches and pains, crying spells,
depression, anxiety attacks, sleep
disturbance Gastrointestinal tract ulcer, cramps
and diarrhea, colitis, irritable bowel Glandular
system thyroid gland malfunction Cardiovascular
system high blood pressure, heart attack,
abnormal heart beat, stroke Skin itchy skin
rashes Immune system decreased resistance to
infections and neoplasms
Source http//www.teachhealth.com
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Comfort Health

• Comfortable in one category may bring discomfort
  in another
• Comfort may be unhealthy
• Discomfort may lead to disease
• Health is more than comfort
• Limited applicability of Comfort Models

Improving Quality of Live Towards a Total
Comfort Model
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Disease Morbus

• Built environment related are some
• infections
• allergies
• neoplasms (cancers) and
• psychiatric disorders

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Our Strategy is

• Sustainable Comfort
• Health
• Reducing of (perceived) health risks (Safety,
  Security, Comfort)
• Health support
• Extending healthy, vital and productive years

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Segovia Aqueduct
Source ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA
http//www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/single_
image/0,5716,20704bin5Fid,00.html
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Vertigo Building
Outdoor Aesthetically comfortable façade from
the outside Indoor Stripe-induced visual
discomfort associated with a decrease in reading
speed, illusions, headache, epileptic fits
Frequency 82 of migraine sufferers 6 of others
Comfort in one category may bring discomfort in
another
Source A Wilkins et al. 1984. Brain
107(4)989-1017 DA Marcus, MJ Soso 1989. Arch
Neurol 46(10)1129-1132 A Wilkins, C Neary 1991.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 11(2)163-171 E. Conlon
et al. 1998. Perception 27(1)21-33