Title: What is driving the community college baccalaureate? An analysis of state statutes, polices and practices
1What is driving the community college
baccalaureate? An analysis of state statutes,
polices and practices
- Community College Baccalaureate Association
- New Orleans, March 3, 2007
- Dr. Deborah L. Floyd
- Dr. Jennifer Sughrue
- Sarah Reed, M.S.
- Florida Atlantic University
2Purpose of Session
- Explore motivations driving CCB movement
- Report on key states with most CCB activity
during the last decade (awarding their own
baccalaureates) - Describe specific legal, governance and other
issues that have framed laws, policies and
practices governing the CCB in selected states - Discussion and Sharing
3How do we define the community college
baccalaureate?
- Typology (Floyd)- articulation, university
center, university extension, and community
college baccalaureate college awards own 4-year
degree - Focus of this study is on the pure CCB model
colleges confer own 4-year degree - Classification is not for the faint of heart
(Lee Schulman, Carnegie Foundation) not a
simple task to sort and classify imperfect
system (Floyd)
4Research Methodology and Design
- Legal and qualitative methods of inquiry
- Westlaw database for searching state statutes
governing the CCB - Triangulated data from Westlaw, government and
higher education web sites, and publications - Developed a matrix identifying the state,
legislation, data source, governance and key
issues and - Examined data for themes and patterns.
5States explored for this study Key activity
states
(Issue Do they consider themselves a community
college?)
- Arkansas
- Arizona
- California
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- New Mexico
- South Carolina
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- West Virginia
- Washington
- ( states in this preliminary report)
6Floridas CCBAccess, workforce, serving place
bound students keep community college focus
need- based
- 2000 Florida Legislature created new governing
authority replacing State Board of Community
Colleges. 1999 Site Determined Baccalaureate
Degree Program was amended to allow community
colleges to seek authority for awarding their own
four year degrees. - 2001 Florida legislature approved St. Petersburg
College to award baccalaureate degrees (Florida
Education Code 1004.73) - Must maintain open-door admissions policy
- .and community college authority
- This education is intended to address the
states workforce needs -
-
7Floridas CCB 2 of 3
- 2002 Florida legislature established a process
for community colleges to seek approval and
Chipola and Miami Dade were approved to award
baccalaureate degrees (Florida Education Code
1007.33) - intent of the Legislature is to further
expand access to baccalaureate degree programs
through the use of community colleges. - A community college may develop a proposal to
deliver specified baccalaureate degree programs
in its district to meet local workforce needs. - A community college may not terminate its
associate in arts or associate in science degree
programs
8Floridas CCB 3 of 3
- Florida law requires that colleges seek state
approval through the Board of Education and that
they remain a part of the community college
governance system. Must meet accreditation
requirements.
9Texas CCB Applied science/technology keep
community college focus need-based
- 2003 Texas legislature approved a pilot project
of community baccalaureate degree programs.
Authorized Texas Coordinating Board to administer
a pilot project. (Texas Higher Education Code,
Title III, Section 130.0012) - Specified college program must meet accreditation
requirements. - Workforce emphasis of applied science and
applied technology. - does not otherwise alter the role and mission
of a public junior college. (community college) - may not offer more than five baccalaureate
degree programs under the project at any time. - shall consider the need for the degree program
and the region served..
10Texas CCB 2 of 2
- 2005 Texas Coordinating Board authorized three
community colleges to offer Bachelor of
Technology in Technology Management Midland,
Brazosport, South Texas. - Parachute clause in 2003 legislation must
enter into an articulation agreement with one or
more general academic teaching institutions to
ensure that students that enroll in the degree
program have an opportunity to complete the
degree if the public junior college ceases to
offer the degree program.
11Nevadas CCBRetain community college mission
workforce focus access
- Community Colleges governed by the University and
Community College System of Nevada. Authorized
Great Basin in 2002. - Nevada System for Higher Education Procedure
Manual - it is not the intention of the NSHE for
community colleges to abandon their community
college mission - Criteria for proposals include is there a
significant shortage of similar programs and
workforce needs is there proven student
demandsimilar employer demand for the program
12Washington States CCBApplied science
workforce need-based access (underserved by
4-year institutions)
- In 2005, the legislature authorized a pilot
program in which 4 community or technical
colleges would offer an applied baccalaureate
degree. - RCWA 28B.50.810. Applied baccalaureate
degree--Pilot programs - At least one of the pilot program had to lead to
a baccalaureate of applied science degree, which
was built on an associate degree in applied
science. -
13Washington States CCB 2 of 3
- The college can demonstrate demand for the
proposed program from a sufficient number of
students within its service area to make the
program cost-effective and feasible to operate - The college can demonstrate that employers demand
the level of technical training proposed within
the program, making it cost- effective for
students to seek the degree and - The proposed program fills a gap in options
available for students because it is not offered
by a public four-year institution of higher
education in the college's geographic area.
14Washington States CCB 3 of 3
- The house Higher Education Committee recently
held hearings regarding the pilot program
(2/19/07) - The four existing pilot programs are set to start
offering upper-division courses in Fall 2007 - Bill introduced to expand program to include two
technical colleges. Lake Washington Technical
College was mentioned. Sponsor amenable to
having one technical and community college,
instead. - State Boards priority is to fund existing
programs and to secure their accreditation.
15New Mexicos CCBEconomic development technical
vocational education workforce development
- Northern New Mexico Community College to Northern
New Mexico College (2005) - A. The courses of instruction at Northern New
Mexico College shall(1) meet the needs of
young people of New Mexico who cannot be served
adequately by the local public schools in their
home communities - (2) prepare technical and trade students for
occupations and vocations that are useful and
necessary in the economy of New Mexico and - (3) provide academic, technical and vocational
instruction beyond the high school level and
accredited college level academic instruction. .
. .
16New Mexicos CCB 2 of 4
- D. The board of regents of Northern New Mexico
College may develop, implement and seek
accreditation for a baccalaureate degree program
in teacher education. - Chapter 21. State and Private Education
Institutions , Article 4. Northern New Mexico
State School 21-4-3. Northern New Mexico
college purpose of instruction academic
courses boarding of students - Bachelor degrees
- Bachelor of Science in Biology
- Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
- Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education
- Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science
- Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
- Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health Studies
17New Mexico CCBGovernance 3 of 4
- Effective July 1, 2005, all new state-funded
baccalaureate, graduate and professional degree
programs shall be offered by public four-year
educational institutions and all new associate
degree programs shall be offered by public
post-secondary educational institutions after a
timely and thorough consultation with and review
by the Higher Education Department. - Article 25 21-1-26. Higher education
department general powers (2005)
18New Mexico Articulation 4 of 4
- . . . shall establish and maintain a
comprehensive statewide plan to provide for the
articulation of educational programs and
facilitate the transfer of students between
institutions. - Post-Secondary Education Articulation Act
(2005) 21-1B-3. Articulation plan development
implementation establishment of transfer module
19Vermont CCBAccess to technical education,
workforce high quality life long learning
- Vermont Technical College approved in 1993 to
offer baccalaureate degree programs. - Bachelor of Science
- Architectural Engineering Technology
- Business Technology Management
- Computer Engineering Technology
- Computer Information Technology
- Computer Software Engineering
- Electromechanical Engineering Technology
20West VirginiaRetained community college mission
- 1989 Parkersburg Community College affiliated
with the West Virginia University and became
West Virginia University at Parkersburg. - The governing boards of Marshall University and
West Virginia University shall make rules for the
state institutions of higher education known as
Marshall University and West Virginia University,
and shall determine the minimum standards for
conferring degrees. - 18B-4-7. Accreditation of institutions of
higher education standards for degrees
21Selected states with percolating activity
California
- California California Community College
Baccalaureate Partnership Act (2006-2007)
California education Code section 78015- job
market/labor need required access emphasized to
serve areas with low rates of baccalaureate
attainment - If the governing board of the community
college district determines that the job market
study justified the initiation of the proposed
program, it shall determine, by resolution,
whether the program shall be offered through the
districts own facilities or through a contact
with an approved private postsecondary school
pursuant to Section 9092. instruction entirely
on community college campus two grants not to
exceed 50,000 annually, starting February 2007.
22Selected states with percolating activity
Arizona
- House Bill 2079 (2005, defeated)
- 10. Beginning in fiscal year 2007-2008,
community colleges may offer four-year
baccalaureate degrees - (h) The four-year baccalaureate degrees
offered by a district shall be limited to one or
more of the following academic disciplines
selected by the district board - (i) Law enforcement services.
- (ii) Fire services.
- (iii) Health professions.
- (iv) Teacher education.
23Selected states with percolating activity
Arizona 2 of 2
- (v) Any academic discipline that is
workforce-related and for which a university
under the jurisdiction of the Arizona board of
regents does not award a four-year baccalaureate
degree that matches an existing associate of
applied science degree. -
- i) Eastern Arizona college as operated by the
governing board of the Graham county community
college district shall not be limited to offering
baccalaureate degrees in the academic disciplines
prescribed in subdivision (h).
24Selected states with percolating activity
South Carolina
- Trident Technical College was designated to offer
a baccalaureate degree within the Life Sciences
Act of 2004 - Was passed over a veto by Governor who had a
fundamental objection to receiving legislation
that has numerous tack-ons, each containing their
own complex policy considerations, many of which
did not receive appropriate public debate. - Act was declared unconstitutional in Sloan v.
Wilkins (S.C. 2005), citing Article 436 III,
17 (the one subject provision) of the South
Carolina Constitution.
25Emerging Themes
- Workforce, labor and job market responsiveness
- Access to four-year degrees geographically and
programmatically (underserved areas and learners) - Keep associate degrees while adding baccalaureate
degrees in certain fields - Ensuring appropriate (regional) accreditation for
degrees offered
26Motivation for the CCB
- Serving workforce, labor market needs
- Access to underserved populations geographically
and programmatically - Service to communities underserved
- Response to local needs
27Discussion and Sharing
- community college baccalaureate
28Speakers reach information Florida Atlantic
University
- Dr. Deborah L. Floyd, Professor of Higher
Education, Florida Atlantic University
DeborahLFloyd_at_Aol.Com or DFloyd_at_Fau.Edu (954)
564-0344 - Dr. Jennifer Sughrue, Associate Professor of
School Leadership JSughrue_at_Fau.Edu (561)
297-3554 - Sarah Reed, Doctoral Candidate in Adult Education
and Community Education SReed15_at_Fau.Edu