What is driving the community college baccalaureate? An analysis of state statutes, polices and practices

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What is driving the community college
baccalaureate? An analysis of state statutes,
polices and practices

• Community College Baccalaureate Association
• New Orleans, March 3, 2007
• Dr. Deborah L. Floyd
• Dr. Jennifer Sughrue
• Sarah Reed, M.S.
• Florida Atlantic University

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Purpose of Session

• Explore motivations driving CCB movement
• Report on key states with most CCB activity
  during the last decade (awarding their own
  baccalaureates)
• Describe specific legal, governance and other
  issues that have framed laws, policies and
  practices governing the CCB in selected states
• Discussion and Sharing

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How do we define the community college
baccalaureate?

• Typology (Floyd)- articulation, university
  center, university extension, and community
  college baccalaureate college awards own 4-year
  degree
• Focus of this study is on the pure CCB model
  colleges confer own 4-year degree
• Classification is not for the faint of heart
  (Lee Schulman, Carnegie Foundation) not a
  simple task to sort and classify imperfect
  system (Floyd)

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Research Methodology and Design

• Legal and qualitative methods of inquiry
• Westlaw database for searching state statutes
  governing the CCB
• Triangulated data from Westlaw, government and
  higher education web sites, and publications
• Developed a matrix identifying the state,
  legislation, data source, governance and key
  issues and
• Examined data for themes and patterns.

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States explored for this study Key activity
states
(Issue Do they consider themselves a community
college?)

• Arkansas
• Arizona
• California
• Florida
• Georgia
• Hawaii
• New Mexico

• South Carolina
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• West Virginia
• Washington
• ( states in this preliminary report)

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Floridas CCBAccess, workforce, serving place
bound students keep community college focus
need- based

• 2000 Florida Legislature created new governing
  authority replacing State Board of Community
  Colleges. 1999 Site Determined Baccalaureate
  Degree Program was amended to allow community
  colleges to seek authority for awarding their own
  four year degrees.
• 2001 Florida legislature approved St. Petersburg
  College to award baccalaureate degrees (Florida
  Education Code 1004.73)
• Must maintain open-door admissions policy
• .and community college authority
• This education is intended to address the
  states workforce needs

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Floridas CCB 2 of 3

• 2002 Florida legislature established a process
  for community colleges to seek approval and
  Chipola and Miami Dade were approved to award
  baccalaureate degrees (Florida Education Code
  1007.33)
• intent of the Legislature is to further
  expand access to baccalaureate degree programs
  through the use of community colleges.
• A community college may develop a proposal to
  deliver specified baccalaureate degree programs
  in its district to meet local workforce needs.
• A community college may not terminate its
  associate in arts or associate in science degree
  programs

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Floridas CCB 3 of 3

• Florida law requires that colleges seek state
  approval through the Board of Education and that
  they remain a part of the community college
  governance system. Must meet accreditation
  requirements.

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Texas CCB Applied science/technology keep
community college focus need-based

• 2003 Texas legislature approved a pilot project
  of community baccalaureate degree programs.
  Authorized Texas Coordinating Board to administer
  a pilot project. (Texas Higher Education Code,
  Title III, Section 130.0012)
• Specified college program must meet accreditation
  requirements.
• Workforce emphasis of applied science and
  applied technology.
• does not otherwise alter the role and mission
  of a public junior college. (community college)
• may not offer more than five baccalaureate
  degree programs under the project at any time.
• shall consider the need for the degree program
  and the region served..

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Texas CCB 2 of 2

• 2005 Texas Coordinating Board authorized three
  community colleges to offer Bachelor of
  Technology in Technology Management Midland,
  Brazosport, South Texas.
• Parachute clause in 2003 legislation must
  enter into an articulation agreement with one or
  more general academic teaching institutions to
  ensure that students that enroll in the degree
  program have an opportunity to complete the
  degree if the public junior college ceases to
  offer the degree program.

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Nevadas CCBRetain community college mission
workforce focus access

• Community Colleges governed by the University and
  Community College System of Nevada. Authorized
  Great Basin in 2002.
• Nevada System for Higher Education Procedure
  Manual
• it is not the intention of the NSHE for
  community colleges to abandon their community
  college mission
• Criteria for proposals include is there a
  significant shortage of similar programs and
  workforce needs is there proven student
  demandsimilar employer demand for the program

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Washington States CCBApplied science
workforce need-based access (underserved by
4-year institutions)

• In 2005, the legislature authorized a pilot
  program in which 4 community or technical
  colleges would offer an applied baccalaureate
  degree.
• RCWA 28B.50.810. Applied baccalaureate
  degree--Pilot programs
• At least one of the pilot program had to lead to
  a baccalaureate of applied science degree, which
  was built on an associate degree in applied
  science.

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Washington States CCB 2 of 3

• The college can demonstrate demand for the
  proposed program from a sufficient number of
  students within its service area to make the
  program cost-effective and feasible to operate
• The college can demonstrate that employers demand
  the level of technical training proposed within
  the program, making it cost- effective for
  students to seek the degree and
• The proposed program fills a gap in options
  available for students because it is not offered
  by a public four-year institution of higher
  education in the college's geographic area.

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Washington States CCB 3 of 3

• The house Higher Education Committee recently
  held hearings regarding the pilot program
  (2/19/07)
• The four existing pilot programs are set to start
  offering upper-division courses in Fall 2007
• Bill introduced to expand program to include two
  technical colleges. Lake Washington Technical
  College was mentioned. Sponsor amenable to
  having one technical and community college,
  instead.
• State Boards priority is to fund existing
  programs and to secure their accreditation.

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New Mexicos CCBEconomic development technical
vocational education workforce development

• Northern New Mexico Community College to Northern
  New Mexico College (2005)
• A. The courses of instruction at Northern New
  Mexico College shall(1) meet the needs of
  young people of New Mexico who cannot be served
  adequately by the local public schools in their
  home communities
• (2) prepare technical and trade students for
  occupations and vocations that are useful and
  necessary in the economy of New Mexico and
• (3) provide academic, technical and vocational
  instruction beyond the high school level and
  accredited college level academic instruction. .
  . .

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New Mexicos CCB 2 of 4

• D. The board of regents of Northern New Mexico
  College may develop, implement and seek
  accreditation for a baccalaureate degree program
  in teacher education.
• Chapter 21. State and Private Education
  Institutions , Article 4. Northern New Mexico
  State School 21-4-3. Northern New Mexico
  college purpose of instruction academic
  courses boarding of students
• Bachelor degrees
• Bachelor of Science in Biology
• Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration
• Bachelor of Arts in Elementary Education
• Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science
• Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
• Bachelor of Science in Integrative Health Studies

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New Mexico CCBGovernance 3 of 4

• Effective July 1, 2005, all new state-funded
  baccalaureate, graduate and professional degree
  programs shall be offered by public four-year
  educational institutions and all new associate
  degree programs shall be offered by public
  post-secondary educational institutions after a
  timely and thorough consultation with and review
  by the Higher Education Department.
• Article 25 21-1-26. Higher education
  department general powers (2005)

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New Mexico Articulation 4 of 4

• . . . shall establish and maintain a
  comprehensive statewide plan to provide for the
  articulation of educational programs and
  facilitate the transfer of students between
  institutions.
• Post-Secondary Education Articulation Act
  (2005) 21-1B-3. Articulation plan development
  implementation establishment of transfer module

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Vermont CCBAccess to technical education,
workforce high quality life long learning

• Vermont Technical College approved in 1993 to
  offer baccalaureate degree programs.
• Bachelor of Science  
• Architectural Engineering Technology
• Business Technology Management
• Computer Engineering Technology
• Computer Information Technology
• Computer Software Engineering
• Electromechanical Engineering Technology

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West VirginiaRetained community college mission

• 1989 Parkersburg Community College affiliated
  with the West Virginia University and became
  West Virginia University at Parkersburg.
• The governing boards of Marshall University and
  West Virginia University shall make rules for the
  state institutions of higher education known as
  Marshall University and West Virginia University,
  and shall determine the minimum standards for
  conferring degrees.
• 18B-4-7. Accreditation of institutions of
  higher education standards for degrees

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Selected states with percolating activity
California

• California California Community College
  Baccalaureate Partnership Act (2006-2007)
  California education Code section 78015- job
  market/labor need required access emphasized to
  serve areas with low rates of baccalaureate
  attainment
• If the governing board of the community
  college district determines that the job market
  study justified the initiation of the proposed
  program, it shall determine, by resolution,
  whether the program shall be offered through the
  districts own facilities or through a contact
  with an approved private postsecondary school
  pursuant to Section 9092. instruction entirely
  on community college campus two grants not to
  exceed 50,000 annually, starting February 2007.

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Selected states with percolating activity
Arizona

• House Bill 2079 (2005, defeated)
• 10.  Beginning in fiscal year 2007-2008,
  community colleges may offer four-year
  baccalaureate degrees
• (h)  The four-year baccalaureate degrees
  offered by a district shall be limited to one or
  more of the following academic disciplines
  selected by the district board
• (i)  Law enforcement services.
• (ii)  Fire services.
• (iii)  Health professions.
• (iv)  Teacher education.

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Selected states with percolating activity
Arizona 2 of 2

• (v)  Any academic discipline that is
  workforce-related and for which a university
  under the jurisdiction of the Arizona board of
  regents does not award a four-year baccalaureate
  degree that matches an existing associate of
  applied science degree.
• i)  Eastern Arizona college as operated by the
  governing board of the Graham county community
  college district shall not be limited to offering
  baccalaureate degrees in the academic disciplines
  prescribed in subdivision (h).

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Selected states with percolating activity
South Carolina

• Trident Technical College was designated to offer
  a baccalaureate degree within the Life Sciences
  Act of 2004
• Was passed over a veto by Governor who had a
  fundamental objection to receiving legislation
  that has numerous tack-ons, each containing their
  own complex policy considerations, many of which
  did not receive appropriate public debate.
• Act was declared unconstitutional in Sloan v.
  Wilkins (S.C. 2005), citing Article 436 III,
  17 (the one subject provision) of the South
  Carolina Constitution.

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Emerging Themes

• Workforce, labor and job market responsiveness
• Access to four-year degrees geographically and
  programmatically (underserved areas and learners)
• Keep associate degrees while adding baccalaureate
  degrees in certain fields
• Ensuring appropriate (regional) accreditation for
  degrees offered

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Motivation for the CCB

• Serving workforce, labor market needs
• Access to underserved populations geographically
  and programmatically
• Service to communities underserved
• Response to local needs

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Discussion and Sharing

• community college baccalaureate

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Speakers reach information Florida Atlantic
University

• Dr. Deborah L. Floyd, Professor of Higher
  Education, Florida Atlantic University
  DeborahLFloyd_at_Aol.Com or DFloyd_at_Fau.Edu (954)
  564-0344
• Dr. Jennifer Sughrue, Associate Professor of
  School Leadership JSughrue_at_Fau.Edu (561)
  297-3554
• Sarah Reed, Doctoral Candidate in Adult Education
  and Community Education SReed15_at_Fau.Edu