Title: X-Ray Diffraction: Determining the distance between planes of atoms X-rays and atoms Orders of diffraction Bragg
1X-Ray Diffraction Determining the distance
between planes of atomsX-rays and atomsOrders
of diffractionBraggs Law
2Using X-Ray Diffraction Braggs Law
Platinum metal crystallizes in a face-centered
cubic lattice with one atom per lattice point.
Monochromatic X-radiation from a Mo target has a
wavelength of 71.07 pm. If this radiation is
used in a diffraction experiment with a platinum
crystal, a second order diffracted beam is
observed at a theta value of 10.43. If the
spacing between these planes corresponds to the
unit cell length (d a), what is the d-spacing
between the planes that gave rise to this
reflection?
3Chapter 13 Mixtures solutions, complex
mixtures, colligative properties
4Chapter 13 Colligative Properties Properties
of the solvent that change upon dissolution
Vapor pressure Boiling point Freezing
point Osmotic pressure Key 1 This all
involves solute particles blocking molecules
from leaving the liquid state Key
2 It does not matter what the solute is, just
how many particles (molecules or ions are
present)
5Concentration Units
Molarity Molality Mole Fraction Weight
Percent ppm ppb
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7Colligative Propreties Properties of the solvent
that change upon dissolution
Vapor Pressure of water at 20 oC is 20.1 mm Hg.
What is the pressure of 100 g water mixed with
100 g ethylene glycol, C2H4(OH)2?
8Distillation Changing the composition of a
mixture of volatile liquids
Vapor Pressures at 50 oC Water 99 mm
Hg Ethanol 232 mmHg Distill a 10 alcohol
solution.
9Freezing and Boiling Point Changes Phase
Diagrams
10Boiling Point Elevation An extension of Vapor
Pressure Lowering
11Boiling Point Elevation
12Freezing Point Depression
13Effect of Ions ?Tfp Kfpmi i vant Hoff
factor Vant Hoff factors NH3 KCl CaCl2 FeBr
3
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15Which is better at melting ice, per gram, NaCl or
CaCl2?
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