CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS

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CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS

1. Desire to regain the lost freedom of their
   ancestors (Political)
2. Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities
   (Religious)
3. Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal)
4. The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor
5. Loss of ancestral lands

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• Early Revolts in Philippine History
• Identify the causes of the revolts
• Create a profile page for a certain revolt and
• Discuss the outcome/result of the revolt

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LAKANDULA and sulayman

• Causes of revolt
• Maltreatment of his people by Spanish masters
• Broken promises of Spanish officials particularly
  exemption of his relatives and descendants from
  tribute and forced labor.

• Results
• Armed clash averted by amicable settlement. Fr.
  Geronimo Martin and Capt. Juan de Salcedo
  pacified Lakandula and persuaded him to lay down
  his arms.
• He even helped to defeat the piratical attack of
  Limahong.

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Magat Salamat (1587-1588)

• son of Lakandula
• Together with him
• Agustin de Legazpi Lakandulas nephew
• Martin Pangan Chief of Tondo
• Juan Bassi Chief of Taguig
• Pedro Balinguit Chief of Pandacan

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• The Plan
• To bring Japanese warriors and weapons to drive
  the Spaniards out.
• Dionisio Fernandez a Japanese Christian, who
  acted as an interpreter
• Juan Gayo a Japanese captain whom they
  negotiated for alliance and military aid

• Result
• Pedro Sarmiento discovered the plot through
  Magat Salamats friend Antonio Surabao and
  immediately warned the Spanish authorities.
• The leaders were executed.

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Magalat (1596)

• He and his brother urged the people of Cagayan to
  overthrow Spanish rule during the term of Gov.
  Gen. Francisco Tello.
• His revolt could not be crushed by arms
• The Spaniards resorted to assassination which
  ended his revolt
• He was murdered in his own house
• First assassination in Philippine History.

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Igorot Revolt (1601)

• The Igorots revolted in defense of their pagan
  gods.
• They killed Fr. Esteban Marin, Spanish
  missionary.
• Capt. Mateo de Aranda suppressed the revolt

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Gaddang Revolt (1621)

• Due to the abuses of the Spanish authorities
• Cagayan Valley
• Leaders Felipe Cutabay and Gabriel Dayag
• Result Fr. Pedro de Santo Tomas persuaded the
  Gaddangs to lay down their arms.

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Tamblot (1621-1622)

• A Babaylan led this religious revolt.
• He incited Boholanos to return to their pagan
  religion.
• He was joined by 2,000 Boholanos
• Suppressed by government troops led by Alcalde
  Mayor Juan de Alcarazo with 50 Spaniards and more
  than 1,000 Cebuanos..

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• GROUP ACTIVITY
• Each group is given a revolt to work on. Make a
  profile page for the leader (similar to your fb
  page).
• Your work must include the following
• Profile picture of the leader
• His information
• A status of his revolution
• Comment of the Spaniards against the uprising

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Bankaws Revolt (1622)

• Leyte
• An old chief of Limasawa became a Christian
  because he received a royal gift from Spain in
  recognition of his grandfathers hospitality to
  Magellan.
• In his old age, with the influence of his son and
  Pagali, a native priest, he discarded his faith.
• He led a religious revolt to restore paganism.
• Suppressed by Juan de Alcarazo, one who
  suppressed the revolt.
• His head was placed on a plate and was displayed
  in public

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PEDRO LADIAS REVOLT (1643)

• Was a Bornean who claimed descent from Raja
  Matanda.
• Urged the people of Malolos to fight against the
  Spanish oppressors and enthrone him as King of
  the Tagalogs.
• Fr, Cristobal Enriquez a parish priest from
  Malolos, reported Ladias plans to the
  authorities even before the rebel could take the
  first step.
• He was captured and executed in Manila.

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Juan Ponce (Francisco) Sumuroy (1649-1650)

• Cause harsh order of Gov. Gen. Diego Fajardo
  compelling men in the village to render forced
  labor in the shipyard of Cavite.
• The Spanish authorities persuaded the natives to
  lead them to Sumuroys hideout in the mountains.
• Result ended in failure, he was taken alive and
  put to death.

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Francisco Maniago (1660-1661)

• Causes
• Natural love of the Pampangans love for freedom
• Hardship of forced labor in forests and
  shipyards.
• Rice taken from the people by government agents
  without payment

• Result
• The cause weakened because Juan Makapagal,
  powerful chief, remained loyal to Spain.
• Accepted the peace offer of Gov. Gen. Marique de
  Lara upon the advice of a kind friar, Fr. Andres
  de Salazar

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Andres Malong (1744-1829)

• A military leader who was inspired by Maniago
• Led the revolt in Pangasinan
• Proclaimed himself as the King of Pangasinan
• Sent troops to as far as Vigan
• Was hanged

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Pedro Almazan (1661)

• In response to Malongs revolt, he called the
  Ilocanos to revolt against the Spaniards
• King of the Ilocanos
• Burned churches
• Was executed in the town plaza

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Tapar (1663)

• He was a babaylan who was a new convert to
  Catholicism.
• He founded a new syncretic religion which was a
  modified form of Christianity. He proclaimed
  himself "God Almighty" and went around garbed in
  a woman's dress.

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• Killed Father Francisco de Mesa, friar curate of
  Oton.
• Mercilessly impaled on a bamboo stake and placed
  strategically at the mouth of the Laglag (now
  Dueñas) River to be eaten also by crocodiles.

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Tumalang (Zambal) Revolt (1681-1683)

• After Malongs revolt, the Spaniards wanted to
  make sure that the roots of his rebellion be
  exterminated.
• Governor General Juan de Vargas Hurtado sent a
  combine Filipino and Spanish troops to punish the
  Zambals who helped Malong.
• Tumalang fought bitterly but unfortunately he was
  captured and converted to Christianity.

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Francisco Dagohoy (1744-1829)

• Longest revolt which lasted for 85 years
• Cause refusal of Spanish curate, Fr. Gaspar de
  Morales, to give Christian burial to Dagohoys
  brother Sagarino who died because of a duel.
• He killed Fr. Morales and urged the Boholanos to
  rise against the Spaniards.
• End of the Revolt
• He died due to old age in the mountain. His
  followers continued the fight
• It took 20 successive governor-generals before
  the oppression was suppressed
• Gov. Gen. Mariano Ricafort seriously undertook
  measures to end the revolt.

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Diego Silang (1762-1763)

• Proclaimed the independence of Ilocos.
• Demanded the abolition of forced labor and
  tribute
• Took advantage of the chaos of the times owing to
  the British occupation of Manila. He was
  befriended by the British.

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• Causes
• To regain the lost freedom of the Ilokanos.
• Spanish abuses and oppression

• End of Rebellion
• Silangs assassination on May 28, 1763 by Miguel
  Vicos for a sum of Spanish gold and in the name
  of Catholicism and loyalty to Spain.

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Gabriela Silang

• Maria Josefa Gabriela
• Wife of Diego
• Was believed to be the first woman to revolt in
  Philippine History.
• Continued the rebellion with the help of Nicolas
  Carino, Diegos uncle.
• Was defeated by the Spanish forces and later
  executed

Joan of Arc of the Ilocandia
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Juan dela Cruz Palaris (1762-1764)

• Pantaleon Perez real name
• Revolted because of the abuses of the Spanish
  government in Pangasinan.
• Created a kingdom wherein the capital was
  Binalatongan (now known as San Carlos City)
• Was caught because his sister was forced to tell
  where to find him.
• Was executed

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Ibanag Revolt (1763)

• Isabela and Cagayan
• Dabo and Juan Marayag
• Inspired by the revolts of Silang and Palaris
• Natives declared their independence and refused
  to pay tributes
• It did not last long after Lt. Governor Manuel de
  Arza ordered is Filipino mercenaries to suppress
  it.

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Basi Revolt (1807)

• Also known as Ambaristo Revolt
• Headed by Pedro Ambaristo
• Cause the government monopolizes the production
  of wine.

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Bayot Revolt (1822)

• The revolt was headed by the Bayot brothers
  Joaquin, Manuel and Jose. They were sons of
  Colonel Francisco Bayot of the Spanish Army based
  in Manila.
• They revolted because the Insulares were not
  treated as if they are not Spanish at all.
• Planned to overthrow the Spanish government and
  declare their father as King.
• Sentenced to life imprisonment

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Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule) (1840-1841)

• He wanted to become a priest but was not accepted
  because he was a native.
• He worked instead at the Hospital of San Juan de
  Dios and acquired his religious education by
  reading the bible and listening to the sermons of
  the church.
• Founded the Confradia de San Jose which was
  banned by Spanish authorities.

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• The Spaniards were denied admission to the
  Confradia.
• Governor General Marcelino de Oraa Lecumberri
  banned the organization because according to them
  it is a form of heresy.
• Recruited 4,000 men and armed them with bolos and
  amulets and encamped a the foot of Mt. Banahaw.
• Appointed Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge
  (Purgatorio) as the leader of his army.
• Was executed and his head was cut off and
  displayed on the road.

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Failure of the Revolts

• Absence of national consciousness
• Lack of leaders to unite the whole archipelago
• Regional hostility
• Archipelagic nature of the Philippines prevented
  a steady communication in the provinces.
• Superiority of the Spanish arms
• The betrayals and assassinations of rebel leaders.