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Home Energy Solutions

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Title: Home Energy Solutions


1
Home Energy Solutions
  • Easy Ways to Help Yourself
  • Donna Coffin, UMaine Extension Educator

2
Direct Energy Use- Household
  • How We Use Energy in Our Homes in the Northeast
  • Heating accounts for the biggest chunk of a
    typical utility bill.
  • Source Building Energy Data Book, Table 2.3.10
    2001 Energy End-Use for an Average Household by
    region

3
How the Rest of the Country Stays Warm
How Maine Stays Warm
A recent Maine Lung Association survey indicated
the 48 or Maine households intend to use wood
stoves or pellet stoves as the main source or
supplemental source of heat this winter.
Source Historical Census of Housing House
Heating Fuel 2000 www.census.gov/hhes/www/housi
ng/census/historic/fuels.html accessed 8/20/08
4
Home Heat Loss Averages
  • Infiltration/Air Leakage 35
  • Windows and Doors 18-20
  • Floors and Below Grade Space 15-18
  • Walls 12-14
  • Ceilings 10

Heat loss from a house
5
Do You Need a Certified Audit?
  • Certified auditor list
  • http//www.mainehousing.org/
    ENERGYAuditServices.aspx
  • Online self audit
  • http//hes.lbl.gov/
  • Home Energy Evaluation check list
  • http//www.extension.umaine.edu/energy/checklist.h
    tm

6
Step One
  • Assess what you have
  • Measure or estimate the size of the house
  • Measure or estimate the size of the windows
  • Use one years worth of utility bills to estimate
    total energy use for the year

7
DIY Evaluation
  • Things to check
  • Joints and Penetrations caulk
  • Insulation enough?
  • Ventilation to let excess moisture out
  • Ductwork wrap pipes with insulation
  • Doors and Windows seal, pull curtains, indoor
    shutters
  • Heating Cooling Systems clean upgrade?
  • Appliances upgrade
  • Water Heating insulate tank
  • Lighting fluorescent

8
Step Two
  • Calculate the heating costs
  • Btu per Standard Heating Unit
  • Use the mBtu to calculate savings
  • mBtu million Btu 1,000,000 Btu

9
Heat content of fuel
Fuel Heat Content (BTUs) Per Unit
Oil 2 138,500 gallon
Electricity 3,413 Kwh
Propane (bottled gas) 92,500 gallon
Hardwood (dry) 24,000,000 Cord
Softwood (dry) 15,000,000 Cord
Wood Pellets 16,000,000 Ton
10
Efficiency of Fuel Burning Systems
Fuel System Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE)
Burner Fuel (2) 65 to 90
Electricity 100
Propane (bottled gas) 95
Wood 50 to 70
Wood Pellets 80
11
Heat Cost Comparisons
Fuel Cost per unit Cost per million BTUs
Electricity 0.16/KWH 47
Oil 2 (65 AFUE) 3.50/gallon 39
Hardwood (dry) 285/cord 24
  • Formula for cost per million BTU
  • (Cost per unit of fuel () x 1,000,000) divided
    by (Energy content per unit of fuel (BTU)
  • and the product of this divided by the Annual
    Fuel Utilization Efficiency of your heating
    appliance

12
Human Thermal Comfort
  • is determined by six variables
  • air temperature
  • air velocity
  • relative humidity
  • clothing
  • metabolic rate (activity level)
  • mean radiant temperature
  • Fanger, P.O., Thermal Comfort, McGraw Hill C.,
    1972, pag 256.

13
Low cost ways to save energy
  • Personal attitude behavior
  • Wear layered warm clothes indoors during winter
  • Take short showers instead of baths
  • Close windows doors (train family)

14
No Cost Low Cost
  • Reducing heating costs
  • Turn down thermostat
  • Unblock heating and return air vents
  • Place reflectors behind radiators
  • Leave south-facing window curtains open in winter
    and closed in summer to collect or prevent solar
    heat gain.

15
No Cost Low Cost
  • More Keeping Warm Tips
  • Clean and inspect furnace annually
  • Clean heating ducts and registers
  • Use foil tape to repair heating ducts
  • Use ceiling fans to circulate warm air
  • Check hot air furnace filters every 1 to 3 months
  • Close off unused rooms
  • Caution with baseboard heating systems

16
Caulking Weather Stripping
Caulking and Weatherstripping will payback in one
year and make you more comfortable
17
Storm Windows Banking House
  • Plastic sheeting
  • Tar paper
  • Bags of leaves
  • Bales of straw or hay
  • Solid foam board
  • Combination Windows
  • Glass Storm Windows
  • Plastic Storm Windows (outside or inside)

18
Effect of Window Treatments
19
Using Window Treatments
  • Heavy Drapes
  • Roman Shades
  • Insulation Boards

20
Door Draft Stoppers Window Draft Snakes
  • Fill with
  • foam pipe insulation
  • Sand
  • Plastic bags

21
No Cost Low Cost
  • Water Heating
  • Turn down temperature on hot water heater (110o
    to 120o F)
  • Drain a few gallons from the bottom of your hot
    water heating tank
  • If leaving for more than two days, turn off water
    heater
  • Install low flow showerheads and aerators in your
    faucets
  • Repair all leaking faucets
  • Insulate your water heater and supply pipes
  • not recommended to insulate gas water heaters

22
Low Cost No Cost
  • Lighting
  • Keep lights clean shut off
  • when not in use
  • Compact florescent bulbs
  • Timers
  • Other appliances
  • Use power strip for computer, television, VCR,
    recorders, satellite, etc. so you can turn them
    off completely when not in use.

23
Holiday LightingLight Emitting Diode (LED)
Bulb Type No. Feet Used Energy Usage (watts) Av. Operating Cost
C7 500 3500 547
C7 LED 500 116 18
Mini Incandescent 500 900 141
LED Mini 500 67 11
  • typical amount of lighting used on the exterior
    and interior for one holiday season.
  • Assuming 240 hours of use (6 hours of use for
    40 days) at an electric rate of 0.16.kWh)

24
Save energy in the kitchen
  • Match pan size to heating element
  • When cooking small meal, use microwave, crock pot
    or toaster oven
  • Use the smallest pan necessary for the job
  • Keep the lid on to hold in heat
  • Reduce cooking time by defrosting food in
    refrigerator first
  • Avoid looking in the oven as you cook!
  • SourceYou Can Do It! Low Cost No Cost Saving
    Tips, Slide Notes, North Carolina Cooperative
    Extension

25
Refrigerator / Freezer
  • Remove frost from freezer
  • Replace worn gaskets
  • Keep full
  • Clean the coils
  • Consider replacing appliances that are over 20
    years old and/or in need of major repairs with
    energy star models

26
Save energy while doing dishes
  • Use energy saving cycles
  • Use no-heat dry cycle
  • Dont pre-rinse
  • Wash full loads
  • Load dishes according to manufacturers
    instructions
  • If washing dishes by hand, turn water on only to
    rinse

27
Save energy in the laundry room
  • Use lower temperature settings
  • Wash in cold water whenever possible
  • Load the washer to capacity
  • Dont over dry clothes
  • Dry two or more loads in a row
  • Clean dryer filter after each use
  • Dry full loads
  • Clean exhaust vents
  • Hang clothes outside!
  • Source You Can Do It! Low Cost No Cost Saving
    Tips, Slide Notes, North Carolina Cooperative
    Extension

28
Programmable Thermostats
  • More convenient and accurate than manual
    thermostats and
  • Improve comfort
  • Contain no mercury
  • Save energy and money on utility bills

Save 1 annually for each degree setback for 8
hours per day
29
Significant Initial Cost
  • Add insulation to walls and ceiling
  • Replace/add ventilation systems
  • Replace doors and windows with NFRC-rated ones
    (National Fenestration Rating Council)
  • Replace heating systems and air conditioners with
    Energy Star-rated ones
  • Alternative fuels and heat sources
  • Other energy alternatives

30
Insulation
  • Maine R-value Recommendations
  • Ceilings/attics R-38 to R-49
  • Walls R-13 to R-21
  • Floor over Crawl Space R-25 to R-30
  • Crawl Space Wall R-19
  • Slab edge R-8
  • Basement Wall
  • R-11 (interior) R-10 (exterior)

31
(No Transcript)
32
R- Value of a Wall Section
33
Example Annual Energy CostsIncrease Attic
Insulation
Cost R-27 Cost R-47
Fuel Costs (6 estimate savings) 2,408 2,268
Insulation (40 packs of lose fill cellulose _at_ 8.88) 355
Savings estimate 145 per year
Time to pay back insulation costs 2.5 years
34
Insulation with ventilation to prevent ice dams
35
Furnace or Boiler
  • AFUE Rating
  • Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE)
  • AFUE is the measurement of a furnaces heating
    efficiency
  • Energy Star AFUE of 90 or above AFUE of 97 is
    available

36
Dollar Savings per 100 of Annual Fuel Cost
AFUE of new System AFUE of new System AFUE of new System AFUE of new System AFUE of new System
80 85 90 95
50 38 41 44 47
55 31 35 39 42
60 25 29 33 37
65 19 24 28 32
70 13 18 22 26
75 6 12 17 21
80 6 11 16
85 6 11
Amann, J. T, A. Wilson, K. Ackerly, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 9th edition, 2007. Amann, J. T, A. Wilson, K. Ackerly, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 9th edition, 2007. Amann, J. T, A. Wilson, K. Ackerly, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 9th edition, 2007. Amann, J. T, A. Wilson, K. Ackerly, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 9th edition, 2007. Amann, J. T, A. Wilson, K. Ackerly, Consumer Guide to Home Energy Savings, 9th edition, 2007.
AFUE of Existing System
37
Return on Investment (RIO)
Old System (65 eff.) New System (90 eff.)
Current Annual Fuel Costs 3,800
Cost of installing a new system 5,000
Annual Savings per 100 fuel costs 28 38 1,064
ROI Annual Savings / Cost of New System 1,064 / 5,000 0.21 or 21 ROI Payback period is 5 years. ROI Annual Savings / Cost of New System 1,064 / 5,000 0.21 or 21 ROI Payback period is 5 years. ROI Annual Savings / Cost of New System 1,064 / 5,000 0.21 or 21 ROI Payback period is 5 years.
38
Supplement Current Heating System
  • After servicing, cleaning and tuning up your
    current heating system you might consider a
    supplement heating system
  • Electric space heater to use when you are in one
    room
  • Wood stove or pellet stove used when you are home
    to heat one or more rooms
  • Passive solar collector attached to a window to
    provide supplemental heat to a south facing room.

39
Pros and Cons of Different Fuels and Energy
Sources
  • Restricted to certain sites due to sun, wind or
    water resources
  • No widespread infrastructure to service equipment
  • Complicated operating understanding
  • Physical needs to carry and store fuel
  • Insurance implications
  • Easy to use
  • Inexpensive to use
  • No additional equipment required
  • Minimal mechanical knowledge required to operate
  • Low risk of fire, smoke or carbon monoxide

40
Compare Heating Fuels and Heat Distribution
Systems
  • Fuels
  • Oil
  • Natural gas
  • Propane
  • Electricity
  • Hardwood
  • Softwood
  • Wood pellets
  • Heat Distribution Systems
  • Hot air
  • Hot water
  • Radiant heat
  • Radiators
  • Radiant floor or ceiling
  • Space heating

41
Wood Heat
  • Check chimney to be sure it can support you wood
    stove.
  • Install with proper clearance from combustible
    materials.
  • Install smoke and carbon monoxide detectors to
    protect your family
  • Use dry hardwood to stoke you stove
  • Use care when closing off the damper or air
    supply to the fire. It can cause excess creosote
    production.

42
Evolution of Heating by wood
  • Fireplace
  • Fireplace stove insert
  • Masonry Heater Russian Fireplace
  • Wood stove
  • 1990 EPA particulate emission standards
  • Catalytic converter wood stove
  • Secondary burn wood stove
  • Wood furnace hot air
  • Wood boiler hot water
  • Outdoor wood boiler
  • www.epa.gov/woodheaters
  • Pellet stove

43
Passive Solar
  • Building faces south
  • Unobstructed view of sun
  • Consider with new construction

44
Window Passive Solar Collector
  • www.builditsolar.com for more ideas

45
Active Solar Thermal Heating
  • Need electricity to circulate heated fluid

46
Solar Electric
  • Solar electric systems, also known as
    photovoltaic (PV) systems, convert sunlight into
    electricity.
  • Solar cellsthe basic building blocks of a PV
    systemconsist of semiconductor materials. When
    sunlight is absorbed by these materials, the
    solar energy knocks electrons loose from their
    atoms. This phenomenon is called the
    "photoelectric effect." These free electrons then
    travel into a circuit built into the solar cell
    to form electrical current.
  • http//apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/el
    ectricity/index.cfm/mytopic10720
  • Maine Solar Energy Association
  • http//ellsworthme.org/MESEA/

47
Heat Pump
  • Ground source systems have usually been installed
    in Maine.
  • Air source systems may not work as well in our
    cold climate but new technology is being
    developed to make it more practical for Maine.
  • Need electricity to circulate heated fluid

48
Small Windmill for ME?
  • You have enough wind
  • Wind analysis of your site with a years worth of
    data
  • Tall towers allowed in your area?
  • You have enough space for your tower
  • Certified Electrician may be necessary for loans
    or rebates or if you plan to connect your system
    to power grid

49
Small Windmill for ME? cont.
  • You determine how much electricity you need/want
  • Av. Home needs a 5 to 15 kw turbine
  • 3,000 to 5,000 per kilowatt generated
  • Need battery storage and alternative backup for
    windless days
  • Determine if it works economically for you
  • A good reference for developing a home windmill
    site
  • http//www.windpoweringamerica.gov/pdfs/small_wind
    /small_wind_me.pdf

50
How Do I Pay For Energy Improvements?
  • Own savings
  • Low income assistance
  • CAP Agencies
  • Area Aging Agencies
  • Loans
  • Banks
  • Rural Development
  • Tax savings
  • Incentives / Rebates
  • Renting a room or part of the house?

51
Previous Tax Incentives
  • Home Improvement Tax Credits
  • Windows and doors
  • Roofing
  • Insulation
  • HVAC
  • Water heaters
  • Energy efficient cars and trucks
  • Solar, wind, geothermal energy
  • Watch for future tax incentives for energy
    improvements
  • http//www.energy.gov/taxbreaks.htm

52
Energy Resources
  • http//www.extension.umaine.edu/energy/default.htm
  • http//www1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/
  • tips/
  • Please take a few minutes to complete a program
    evaluation
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