Missouri Compromise (1820)

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Missouri Compromise(1820)

• Henry Clays first compromise to PRESERVE THE
  UNION.
• Magic Line ?
• M and Ms ?
• Balance In ?

2
Gag Rule
Where? In U.S. Congress and fought by Congressman
John Q. Adams HOR rule? Slavery could not be
discussed on the floor of the House of
Representatives from 1836 to 1844 This included
Southern postmasters ability to censor mail and
to take out any Abolitionist literature that
came into the South.
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Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Northern Abolitionist Congressmens attempt to
get Congress to prohibit SLAVERY in the MEXICAN
CESSION. Passed votes in the HORS Twice but
failed in the U.S. Senate. WHY?
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The Immortal Trio
Match these Bank of the US, Tariffs, Slavery,
Preserving the Union Nationalists Henry Clay
(Whig-Kentucky) Voice of the West Daniel
Webster (Whig-Massachusetts) Voice of the
North Sectionalist John C. Calhoun
(Democrat-South Carolina) Voice of the South
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Statehood For California

• President Zachary Taylor favored annexing
  California as a ________ state.
• Why did this go against the Missouri Compromise?

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Popular Sovereignty

• Stephen Douglas of Illinois believed this was the
  best way to solve the slavery issue and would
  propel him into the White House.
• According to this concept, each new territory
  would decide the slavery issue by popular vote
  for itself.
• This was a simple up or down vote without
  Congressional control (more democratic).

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Compromise of 1850
Henry Clays Proposed Compromise 1) California
enters as a free state 2) popular sovereignty in
Utah and New Mexico. 3) Tough, new Fugitive Slave
Law
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Views on the Compromise

• John C. Calhoun
• SC Exposition and Protest
• Theory of Nullification
• Secession
• Against IT

• Daniel Webster
• Webster-Hayne debate
• March 7th Speech
• Pro-American System
• For It To Preserve the Union

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Websters March 7th Speech

• The famous Webster-Hayne debate quote, Liberty
  and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable.
  
• Webster coined a famous phrase, I wish to speak
  today, ______________________ .
• New Englands response to his speech was ______ .

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What saved the Compromise?

• Clay became ill. Stephen Douglas of Illinois
  decided to break up Clays omnibus proposal into
  separate bills.
• President Taylor who was against the Compromise
  died and his Vice-President Millard Fillmore
  openly announced he would sign each law, as
  president.

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Reaction to the Fugitive Slave Actin the North

• Personal Liberty Laws
• Underground Railroad (sneak slaves to North)
• Uncle Toms Cabin (turns North against slavery)

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Themes of Uncle Toms Cabin

• Characters escaping to the North.
• Uncle Tom Jesus being martyred in the South
• Separation of slave families
• Fugitive Slave Act
• Northern view of slavery.
• Southern views of slavery.
• Defenses in support of slavery.

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Kansas-Nebraska Act1854

• Douglass supported popular sovereignty for
  deciding the slavery issue
• He supported dividing the region into two
  territories Nebraska (N) and Kansas (S) to
  maintain the Congressional balance.
• In order to win over the South he agreed to lead
  the movement to repeal the Missouri Compromise of
  1820.

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Bleeding Kansas

• Proslavery group Sack of Lawrence
• John Browns Pottawatomie Massacre
• Beechers Bibles

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Southern Chivalry

• Violence in the U.S. Senate.
• Preston Brooks of S.C. canes Charles Sumner of
  Massachusetts after the later gave a speech, The
  Crime Against Kansas.

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Major Political Parties of the 1850s
POLITICAL PARTY YEAR ESTABLISHED MAJOR PLATFORM
Free- Soil
Whig
Republican
Democrats
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Free-Soil Party Platform

• Supported the Wilmot Proviso.
• No extension of slavery into new regions.
• Federal aid to internal improvements.
• Free government homesteads for settlers.
• This is the so-called safety valve theory.
• Slogan Free soil, free speech, free labor, and
  free men.
• Racist party that believed slavery was a sin and
  morally wrong but were more concerned about
  protecting jobs of whites from enslaved blacks.

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Who were the Republicans?
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James Buchanan15th President

• He was the last national candidate for president
  in this era.
• Events of Presidency
• Dred Scott decision
• Bleeding Kansas
• John Brown
• Election of 1860
• Lame-duck period
• Feelings toward secession Wait and See

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Scott v. Sanford (1857)

• Taney Court used judicial review to declare
• Slaves were chattel.
• Slaves had no rights and couldnt sue.
• All Congressional acts (Missouri Compromise,
  Kansas-Nebraska Act) were unconstitutional.

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Dred Scott
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• These were a series of 7 open air debates that
  Lincoln challenged Douglas to around Illinois for
  a seat in the U.S. Senate.
• Lincolns House Divided speech kicked off his
  campaign

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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Douglas was the proponent for popular
  sovereignty.
• Lincoln believed that Congress should stop the
  extension of slavery into western territories.

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John Browns Raidand Trial for Treason

• John Brown raided Harpers Ferry, Virginias
  federal arsenal.
• Brown was captured and convicted of treason and
  hung.
• Southern reaction The antichrist is dead!
• Northern reaction Martyr for the abolition cause!

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Buchanans Policy

• The lame-duck president James Buchanan did not
  believe southern states could secede.
• He could not find a constitutional defense for
  using force unless the South used armed
  resistance.
• Lincoln would continue this wait and see policy
  until the South fired on Fort Sumter.

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The Confederate States of America

• On December 20, 1860, South Carolina seceded from
  the Union.
• By the end of February 1861, Mississippi,
  Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
  seceded.
• The CSA formed on February 4, 1861, in
  Montgomery, Alabama.
• Jefferson Davis becomes its only president.