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Electrostatics

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Electrostatics The study of electric charges How to Make a Charged Object (or, How to Transfer Charge) Friction or Contact Rubbing two objects together, or even just ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Electrostatics


1
Electrostatics
The study of electric charges
2
The Three Subatomic Particles A Review
  • Proton Positive Charge (), p
  • Neutron No Charge (0), n0
  • Electron Negative Change (-), e-
  • In physics, charge is represented by the letter
    q

3
Electric Charges on Objects
  • A charged object has an unequal balance of
    positive and negative charges
  • Objects can be charged two ways
  • Positive (), such as vinyl and rubber
  • Negative (-), such as fur, glass, and wool

4
How to Make a Charged Object(or, How to Transfer
Charge)
  • Friction or Contact
  • Rubbing two objects together, or even just
    touching them, causes elctrons to move from the
    atoms of one object to the atoms of another
    object
  • Scuffing socks on the floor, rubbing a balloon on
    your hear, Swiffer dusters
  • Induction
  • Electrons jump from one object to another when
    they are brought in close contact, but do not
    touch
  • Using a charged balloon to raise the hairs on
    your arm, Van de Graaff generator

5
Properties of Charged Objects
  • Like charges repel, unlike (opposite) charges
    attract
  • Charges are not created, or destroyed they are
    separated or combined (moved)
  • Electrons added to, or removed from, atoms
  • Charges exert a force on other charges over a
    distance

6
Because theres a force, there are vectors
  • Electric force vectors show the Electric Field
  • ALWAYS point from () to (-) charges
  • For a single charge

POSITIVE CHARGE
NEGATIVE CHARGE
7
For Two Charges
  • Two like charges (positive or negative)
  • Equal but opposite charges

8
Magnets
  • -Magnets have North and South poles
  • If you break a magnet the broken pieces will
    still have North and South Poles
  • - Magnets produce magnetic fields that look
    similar to electrical fields

9
Conductors Insulators
  • Conductors allow charge to move easily through
    them
  • Metals
  • Insulators DO NOT allow charge to move easily
    through them
  • Wood, Styrofoam
  • Materials usually exhibit the same property for
    heat transfer

10
The Unit of Charge
  • Called a Coulomb (C)
  • 1 Coulomb (C) has a charge equal to 6.25 x
    1018 electrons
  • Charge of 1 electron -1.6 x 10-19 C

11
Units of Charge
  • The coulomb is actually a very large unit for
    static electricity.
  • We need to use the metric prefixes and scientific
    notation
  • 1 µC 1 x 10-6 C (µ micro)
  • 1 nC 1 x 10-9 C (n nano)
  • 1 pC 1 x 10-12 C (p pico)

12
Calculating Charge - Example
  • If 16 million electrons are removed from a
    neutral sphere, what is the charge on the sphere
    in coulombs?

ANSWER 2.56 x 10-12 C
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