Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution

• Transforming
• England
• 1780-1800

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Why another revolution?

• What did it do?
• Developed factory system encouraged steam power
• Changed daily human life for individual and
  society
• Influenced political situation in Europe
• Where did it begin?
• Great Britain (Eng/Scot/Wales) - 1780s
• Continent post 1815

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Why England?

• Why did it begin in England?
• Atlantic Economy
• colonial empire provides market
• Water --- everywhere!
• Natural resources coal and iron ore in Eng /
  Wales
• Agriculture
• Abundant crops low prices
• Money available for luxuries
• Support
• Central bank
• Government strong and stable
• Mobile working class

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Early Industry

• First Cotton textile industry
• Growing demand from putting out system
• John Kay, 1704-1764
• Flying shuttle allowed one weaver to operate a
  loom
• But thread not made fast enoughso
• James Hargreaves, 1765
• Spinning Jenny 6-24 threads at one time
• Richard Awkwright, 1769
• Water frame (improved spinning then w/steam)
• Read The Traits of the British Industrial
  Entrepreneur, 564
• Edmund Cartwright, 1743-1823
• Power loom in 1785 work moves into factories

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1) Reasons for factories

• Increases productive capacity
• Increases efficiency
• interchangeable parts quick fixes
• Industrial machinery replaced workshops /
  cottage-based industry
• Produces cheaper goods
• Higher profits

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Replacing wood with coal

• Whats wrong with wood?
• England is running out
• Burns too quickly
• Whats better about coal?
• There is more of it
• Burns more efficiently
• Whats dangerous about coal?
• Bringing it to the surface is hard work
• Environmentally unfriendly
• How did this relate to coal?
• Coal eventually heats the water for the steam
  engine
• Steam engines help remove water from mines!
• Sig
• Transforms factories, transportation systems,
  etc.
• Henry Cort develops puddling pig iron into
  steel

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England 1850
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2) Developing steam power

• Man primary source of energy then used animals
  wind water
• Problem looms, etc. reached limit
• England short of wood for iron production
• Coal used for heating and minimal production
• A more efficient source of energy needed!
• What else can be used for power?
• STEAM!!! harnessed attached to engines
• Newcomen (1705) James Watt (1774) pioneers
• SIG most fundamental advancement in technology
  for First IR

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Other results revolutions

• Stronger iron and steel produced
• Henry Cort puddling steel roller
• Transportation revolution
• Railroads
• Horsepower
• slow and inexpensive
• 1800s steamer on wheels 1804, Richard
  Trevithick invents the 1st steam locomotive
• 1830 Stephensons Rocket 16 mph
• By 1850-50mph full steam ahead!
• Steamboats Robert Fulton, 1807 (US!
• Sig cheaper transport markets nationwide
  larger factories cheaper goods - faster

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Flying Shuttle
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Spinning Jenny
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Richard Awkwright
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Water Frame
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Power Loom
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Steam Engines
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Stephensons Rocket
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Robert Fultons Steamboat
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