Sentences

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Sentences

• 5th Grade Grammar
• Unit 1

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5 Rules of a sentence

• Subject
• Verb
• Makes sense
• Capital letter
• End mark

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Fragment

• An incomplete sentence
• missing its subject
• missing its predicate
• phrase
• dependent clause
• My mom
• Ran to the store
• Before work
• Before she went to work

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Sentence or Fragment?

• The children from the neighborhood.
• When it was time to eat.
• My best friend spent the night.
• The book I borrowed from the library.
• Sam and David are going skiing tomorrow.
• Toad jumped.
• Rebecca ran.

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Subject

• The noun or pronoun that the sentence is about.
• Read the sentence and ask, Who or what is this
  sentence about?
• My favorite teacher works hard on her lesson
  plans.

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Predicate

• Always contains the verb
• Can be action (doing) or linking (being)
• Tells what the subject does or is
• Find the subject first
• Then ask, What is being said about the subject?
• My dog jumped over the fence.

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Find the subject predicate

• We learned about the three branches of
  government.
• The legislative branch makes the laws.
• The executive branch carries out the laws.
• The judicial branch interprets the laws.
• The Constitution created them.

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Phrases

• Phrases a group of words without a subject and
  predicate
• in the pool
• before work
• with red, curly hair
• later today

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Clauses

• Have subjects and predicates
• Independent Clauses can stand alone as a
  sentence is a complete thought
• Dependent Clauses cannot stand alone begins
  with an introductory that connects it to the rest
  of the sentence

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Independent or Dependent

• I heard about that
• Until I heard about that
• My dad did the laundry
• Before my dad did the laundry
• You told me
• Before you told me

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Types of Sentences

• Simple 1 independent clause
• Compound At least 2 independent clauses joined
  by a comma and conjunction
• Complex At least 1 independent clause and 1
  dependent clause

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Simple Sentences

• I love my brother.
• My aunt lives in Seattle.
• The neighbors are on vacation.
• The girls and boys are tired.
• The children run and play.

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Compound SentencesAt least 2 independent clauses
joined with a comma a coordinating conjunction
FANBOYS (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

• I love my brother, but he aggravates me a lot.
• My sister has an instagram, and she posts lots of
  pictures.
• The baby needs a nap, or he will be ill.

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Complex SentencesAt least 1 independent 1
dependent clause (with subordinating conjunction
or introductory)

• I like pancakes if they have chocolate chips.
• Before you told me, I had no idea.
• My mom will kill me once she sees my grade.
• We will go to the movies after I finish my chores.

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(some)Subordinating Conjunctions

• After Although As As if As long as
• Because Before Even if Even though
• If Once Provided Since So that
• That Though Till
• Unless Until
• What When Whenever
• Wherever Whether While

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• A subordinating conjunction can appear at the
  beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
• EXAMPLES
• After the movie started, more people came in.
  (Notice the comma separating the clauses)
• More people came in after the movie started.
• A subordinating conjunction causes the clause
  that it appears in to become dependent. In other
  words, it will be a sentence fragment unless it
  is joined to an independent clause.

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Make them complex

• 1. I will help the man. He deserves it.2. Mary
  came up. We were talking about her.3. I admire
  Mr. Brown. He is my enemy.4. I came. You sent
  for me.5. Evelyn will come to school. She is
  able.6. He knows he is wrong. He will not admit
  it.7. The man is rich. He is unhappy.8. The
  Mexican War came on. Polk was President.9. I
  shall come tomorrow. You send for me.10. You
  wish to be believed. You must tell the truth.11.
  The dog bites. He ought to be muzzled.12. It
  would be foolish to set out. It is raining.13.
  Call me at my office. You happen to be in
  town.14. The cat ran up a tree. She was chased
  by a dog.15. The sun shines brightly. It is very
  cold.16. Boston became a large city. It has a
  good harbor.

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Run-on Sentences

• Two or more sentences joined incorrectly
• Can be corrected by
• Making separate sentences
• Making a compound sentence

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My science class went on a nature hike my teacher
lead the way.

• My science class went on a nature walk. My
  teacher lead the way.
• My science class went on a nature hike, and my
  teacher lead the way.

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Try it!

• Ciara found one wild flower Marcus found three.
• Butterflies pollinate some plants this helps the
  plant to reproduce.
• Krista sneezed loudly the butterfly flew away.

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Important Words
Sentence Subject Predicate Verb Fragment
Phrase Clause Independent Dependent Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence Coordinating Conjunction (FANBOYS) Subordinating Conjunction (introductory) Complex Sentence Run-on Sentence