Athens vs. Sparta

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Athens vs. Sparta

• ORIGINS

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The Origins of Sparta and Athens
By Annie and Rachel

• Sparta
• The first King was Lelex, who had a son named
  Myles who heired the throne.
• Myles died and the throne went to Lacedaemon, son
  of Zeus.
• Lacedaemon married Sparta, naming a city within
  his ruling area, Lacedaemon, after her.
• Amyclas, his son, built a town in Lacedaemon.
• In Lacedaemon, because the sons of one of the
  leaders were twins, they created two royal
  houses.

• Athens
• The city of Attica, under the rule of Theseos,
  joined with the small city of Athens.
• After combining the towns, he gave the citizens a
  democracy, with equality for all.
• When Theseos died, the ruler Menestheos took over
  as a king.
• He made it so that the poor were slaves to the
  rich and were completely unequal.
• The Athenians were very unhappy, and were unable
  to fix their government problems for the time.

• Similarities
• Both cities were originally ruled by kings.
• The first kings died and were replaced by other
  kings.

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Athenian Spartan Origin Similarities and
Differences

• Athens
• First divided into communies, later on, it
  gathered sporadic communities into a town
  celebrated as Synoikia or union of the
  communes each year.
• Comes from Doric blood.
• Pelasgic people barbarians (did not multiply
  much)

• Sparta
• Comes from Ionic blood.
• Comes from Lacedaemonia.
• Hellenic people not barbarian language.
• Branched off from the Pelasgic race. Multiplied
  greatly.

• Similarities
• Named after an important person. Athens Athena
• Sparta wife of a king

Constance, Jeffrey
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Athens vs. Sparta

• Education

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Athens Vs. Sparta Education

• Athenian
• Dont let children keep company with harlots
• Make sure the child is legitimate
• Make sure child is conceived when the father has
  had no alcohol
• Nature, Reason and Use
• Make sure the child learns virtue
• Makes sure learns rational ideas and values
• Nature and nurture are necessary
• Can become better if not as good if born without
  nature and will become worse without nurture Need
  natural mothers take care of, not wet or dry
  nurses Choose carefully everyone (teachers,
  nurses, playmates, etc. is near the child
• Mold the child when they are young
• Dont let a slave teach
• Believed the only true science is philosophy
• Go for own glory, not ancestors
• Virtue is almost all that matters
• Great Pride in being generous, not envious,
  governing themselves well, mastering pleasures
  and especially being able to moderate anger is
  extremely well thought of
• Highly populated

• Spartan
• Women education
• More Physical than mental
• Modesty and obedience are most important
• Much physical punishment
• Runs barefoot to strengthen feet
• Stand Extremes (Heat, Cold, etc.)
• Permission to steal
• Taught to starve
• Invented community Mess Rooms
• Relatively sparse population

• Similarities
• Both are against cowardice
• Strong bodies and strong constitutions are wanted
  
• Neither too confident nor too dejected
• Men were thought to be superior to women
• Both look down on drunkards

By Eric and Ian
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Athens vs Sparta

• Women

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Both
One main purpose of living was to bear children.
Women managed the household Women were
subjugated
Athens
Sparta

• Women were trained physically
• They were required to receive a basic education
• If the husband dies he may, in his will, give his
  daughter to another man, or if not specified his
  heir, son, makes the decision
• Legislator women when writing laws and therefore
  women had considerable influence and therefore
  lived a luxurious life

• Women in Athens were not required to tell men
  what happened in the household during the day the
  content of the day within the household
• Their main daily objective was to please their
  husband
• Men were still required to be honorable towards
  women
• Women were supposed to be virtuous

Paul ?
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Spartan and Athenian WomenHaley and Caroline

• Spartan
• State made no laws for women
• Many things managed by women
• Cause confusion and useless in war

• Athenian
• Women should be in control of their household
• Be frugal with money or spend as much as her
  husband allows
• Must support and encourage her husband,
  especially when his good fortune fails
• Have no part in husbands affairs or arrangement
  of children's marriages
• Must be faithful and righteous towards husband,
  especially if he is faithful towards her
• Learn from her husbands rule and lead

• Both
• Manage and control many things in regards to
  household duties
• Ruled by husband

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Athens vs Sparta

• Constitution

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Laura and Eliot
Government and the Constitution in Athens and
Sparta
Athens
Sparta

• Ever since the days of Lycurgus, Sparta has had a
  constitution The Spartans did not have many
  written laws however. Spartans had two kings,
  Agiad and Eurypontid. The two kings had equal
  authority, so neither of them could act without
  the consent of the other ruler. The kings jobs
  mainly fell under the categories of religion,
  judicial and military concerns. They were also
  the head of the priests in the states, so they
  had to perform certain ceremonies. From the time
  of the Persian war, the kings lost the right to
  declare war on anyone they wish. As time went by,
  the kings lost a lot of authority, and became
  more figureheads then actual rulers. The power
  of the Spartans was actually transferred to the
  ephors and the gerousia. This was due to the fact
  that the ephors, believed in democratic laws, and
  the greater population voted for them to be the
  new rulers. However, the ephors still kept some
  oligarchic methods which they thought to be
  beneficial to the citizens.

• At first, Athens followed the laws of Draco and
  his strict rules and punishments. The franchise
  was given to all who could furnish themselves
  military equipment. Athens went by the rule of a
  401 person republic who was the government of
  Athens. This people chosen to be in the republic
  must be over 30 years of age and elected by those
  who possessed the franchise. One cannot be in for
  a second term unless everyone else had a term.
  This council also acted as the protectors of the
  law, or the court of the land. After a long
  violent campaign between the rich and the poor,
  Solon came to power freed all slaves and removed
  all current debts. Solons reign did not, in both
  parties eyes, help them, but he evened out
  societys differences and appeased the common
  consent.

• Both Athens and Spartan governments were changed
  throughout time.
• After each country had contained a specific
  ruler, larger groups came into power. In Sparta
  it was the ephors and in Athens they had a large
  republic).
• Both Athens and Sparta had a constitution built
  into their government.

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Athens
Sparta

• Dracos Constitution
• Government Officials
• 9 Archons
• Treasurers
• Generals (Strategi)
• Commanders of Calvary (Hipparchi)
• 401-member Council
• Offices above are rotated after everyone has had
  his turn
• Offices above are cast by lots
• When one did not go to a council meeting, one had
  to pay a fine, according to his rank
• Solons Constitution
• Government Officials
• 9 Archons
• Treasurers
• Commissioners for Public Contracts (Poletae)
• The Eleven
• Clerks (Colacretae)
• Council of 400
• People attempted to overthrow was impeached

• Spartas Constitution
• Government Officials
• 2 hereditary kings (Oligarchy)
• of the Agiad and Eurypontid families
• equal in authority
• phenomenon unique in Greek history
• duties were mainly religious, judicial, military
• Chief Priests of State
• had to perform certain sacrifices
• maintain communication with the Delphian
  sanctuary
• Ephors and Gerousia
• period of the Persian War-kings lost power
• chosen by popular election from citizens
• represented a democratic element without
  violating Oligarchic methods
• Daily Life
• At 30 began full citizen rights and duties
• 3 conditions Spartiate birth, training
  prescribed by law, participation/contribution to
  one of the dining clubs
• those who fufilled conditions were citizens in
  the fullest sense of the word
• those who failed were lesser men- retained only
  the civil rights of citizenship

Similarities

• Council made of citizens
• Differences between wealthy and poor
• Neither city-state had only one ruler
• Slaves
• Military

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Athens vs Sparta

• Summary

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Secondary Source - Athens and Sparta

• Athens
• Nobles, kings, and oligarchies ruled
• Ineffective agricultural
• Many impoverished
• Had democracy later
• Peoples of all economic classes could participate
  in government
• Rich in culture
• Strong navy
• Very religious morals hosted many religious
  festivals
• Ever-changing government with many tyrants
• Solon was chosen by the civilians to reform their
  government
• Women werent educated or valued
• Families were important to society

• Both
• Enemies with each other
• Had different classes
• Sparta Spartiates, perioeci, helots
• Athens Four classes (created by Solon) divided
  by wealth
• Both established culture and government in the
  500s BC
• Slavery
• Sparta Agricultural slaves (helots)
• Athens farmers sold themselves and their wives
  and children into slavery to pay off debts
• Powerful

• Sparta
• Dual monarchy with a council and assembly
  (Democratic timocratic monarchial oligarchy)
• Conquered Messenia and got land as well as
  agricultural slaves (helots)
• Helots suffered poverty
• Only the Spartiates were able to participate in
  government
• No luxury or recreation of any sorts
• Hugely centralized around the Military
• Ideals discipline, self-denial and simplicity
• Extremely stable government
• Women were trained and valued more
• Families were not important