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Invertebrates III and Vertebrates

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Invertebrates III and Vertebrates Class Actinopterygii Infraclass: Holostei (Primitive fish) Order: Lepisoteriformes - Bowfins Order: Amiiformes - Gars Bowfins Gar ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Invertebrates III and Vertebrates


1
Invertebrates III and Vertebrates
2
Phylum Echinodermata
  • Deuterostomes
  • radial and indeterminate cleavage
  • Enterocoelous
  • anus from blastopore

3
Phylum Echinodermata
  • Secondary Radial Symmetry
  • Water vascular system
  • Ambulacral groove
  • Madreporite
  • All marine

4
Water Vascular System
  • Madreporite
  • Stone Canal
  • Ring Canal
  • Radial Canal
  • Lateral Canal
  • Ampulla
  • Tube Feet

5
Classification
  • Class Asteroidea (Seastars)
  • Class Opiuroidea (Brittlestars)
  • Class Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars)
  • Class Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)
  • Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

6
Class Asteroidea
  • Five arms radiating from a central disc
  • Open ambulacral groove
  • Madreporite on the aboral side
  • Contain pedicellariae or papulae

7
Class Ophiuroidea
  • Five thin arms radiating from a central disc
  • Closed ambulacral grooves
  • Madreporite on the oral side
  • No suckers on tube feet, pedicellariae or papulae

8
Class Echinoidea
  • No arms but have five rows of tube feets
  • Contain spines
  • Closed ambulacral grooves
  • Madreporite on the aboral side
  • Contain pedicellariae or papulae
  • Aristotles lantern

9
Class Crinoidea
  • Attached to substrate with many branched arms
  • Open ambulacral grooves
  • No Madreporite
  • No pedicellariae or papulae

10
Class Holothuroidea
  • Soft bodied
  • Ambulacral areas with tube feet
  • Internal Madreporite
  • No pedicellariae or papulae

11
Phylum Chordata
  • Deuterostomes
  • radial and indeterminate cleavage
  • Enterocoelous
  • anus from blastopore
  • Bilateral Symmetry
  • Both invertebrates and vertebrates
  • Contain four anatomical features

12
Phylum Chordata
  • Notochord
  • Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Cord
  • Pharyngeal Slits
  • Muscular, Postanal Tail

13
SubPhylum Urochordata
  • Tunicates
  • Sessile
  • Only contains Pharynx with slits as an adult

14
SubPhylum Cephalochordata
  • Lancelates
  • Contains all four chordate characters as an adult
  • Closest relative to vertebrates (Amphioxus)
  • Paedogenesis

15
SubPhylum Vertebrata
  • Backbones
  • Contains all four chordate characters as an adult
    with modification
  • Neural Crest
  • bones and cartilage of the skull

16
Vertebrate Adaptations
  • Living Endoskeleton
  • better for larger animals
  • Pharynx and Efficient Respiration
  • increased metabolic rate
  • Advanced Nervous System
  • developed system for distance reception
  • Paired Limbs
  • increased movement

17
Chordate Evolution
  • Vertebrae
  • Jaws and two sets of paired appendages
  • Teeth
  • Lungs
  • Legs
  • Amniotic Egg
  • Hair, feathers

18
Key Fish Characteristics
  • Vertebral Column
  • Jaws and paired appendages
  • Gills
  • Single Circuit blood circulation

19
Superclass Agnatha
  • Without Jaws and Most without paired appendages
  • Class Myxini - Hagfishes (scavengers)
  • Class Cephalaspidomorphi - Lampreys (parasitic)

20
Superclass Gnathostomata
  • With jaws
  • Evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal
    slits

21
Fossil Gnathostomata
  • Placoderms
  • Plate-skinned
  • Acanthodians
  • Probably led to bony fish

22
Class Chondrichthyes
23
Class Chondrichthyes
  • Placoid Scales (teeth-like)
  • Several rows of teeth
  • (Not embedded in the jaw)

24
Class Chondrichthyes
  • Spiral valve within intestine
  • Large fatty liver
  • Senses
  • Ampullae of Lorenzini
  • Lateral Line

25
Class Chondrichthyes
  • Cartilaginous skeleton (not primitive)
  • Subclass Elasmobranchi
  • Sharks, Skates, Rays
  • Subclass Holostei
  • Ratfish

26
Subclass Elasmobranchi
  • Order Selachidae
  • Sharks
  • Cartilagenous skeleton
  • Streamlined body
  • 5-7 gill slits

27
Subclass Elasmobranchi
  • Order Batiformes
  • Skates, Rays
  • Cartilagenous skeleton
  • flattened body
  • 5-6 gill slits on the underside of the body

28
Subclass Holocephali
  • Cartilagenous skeleton
  • Lack dermal scales
  • Venomous spine
  • single gill opening with hard covering

29
Osteichthyes - Bony Fish(Bony Skeleton)
  • ClassSarcopterygii
  • Lobe-finned Fish
  • Lungfish
  • Class Actinopterygii
  • Ray-finned Fish

30
Osteichthyes
  • Embedded dermal (ctenoid) scales
  • Operculum
  • Swim Bladder
  • Lateral Line

31
Osteichthyes
  • Fins
  • Dorsal
  • Pectoral
  • Pelvic
  • Caudal
  • Anal

32
ClassSarcopterygiiLobe-finned FishSubclass
Coelacanthiomorpha
  • Coelocanth
  • Fleshy pectoral and anal fins which are supported
    by bones.

33
ClassSarcopterygiiLobe-finned FishSubclass
Dipnoi
  • Lungfish
  • Fleshy fins
  • True lungs

34
Class Actinopterygii
  • Infraclass Holostei
  • (Primitive fish)
  • Order Lepisoteriformes - Bowfins
  • Order Amiiformes - Gars
  • Bowfins
  • Gar
  • They are found in brackish conditions. They can
    use their swim bladders to obtain extra oxygen.

35
Class ActinopterygiiInfraclass Teleostei
  • In this infraclass, all of the fish are
    considered to be the ray-finned fish. They have
    a movable maxilla and premaxilla and modified
    muscles that allow them to have a protrusable
    mouth.

36
Class ActinopterygiiInfraclass Teleostei
  • Superorder Osteoglossomorpha
  • Superorder Elopomorpha
  • Superorder Clupeomorpha
  • Superorder Ostariphysi
  • Superorder Protacanthopterygii
  • Superorder Stenopterygii
  • Superorder Scopelomorpha
  • Superorder Acanthopterygii

37
Superorder Osteoglossomorpha Bony Tongued Fish
  • The Bony tongue is used to bite against.
  • They are also found in brackish conditions.
    They can use their swim bladders to obtain extra
    oxygen.

38
Superorder Elopomorpha Eels
  • They are snakelike with long bodies. Unlike land
    snakes, eels are usually scale less, although a
    few species can be found with tiny scales along
    their bodies. Over 100 vertebrae form the eel's
    spine, which makes the animal very flexible.

39
Superorder ClupeomorphaClupeiformes
  • This is the order of ray-finned fish that
    includes the herring family and the anchovy
    family. Clupeiformes are physostomes, which means
    that the gas bladder has a pneumatic duct
    connecting it to the gut. They typically lack a
    lateral line.

40
Superorder Ostariphysii
  • These fish release an alarm substance and their
    first few vertebrates are used to pass sound from
    the swim bladder to the inner ear for acute
    hearing. They also have a gas bladder.

41
Superorder Protacanthopterygii
  • These are fish that lack specialization. They
    are important game fish like Salmon and Trout

42
Superorder Stenopterygii
  • Dragonfish are deep water fish. Many deep sea
    fish are biouminescent

43
Superorder Scopelomorpha
  • Lantern fish are deep water fish. Many deep sea
    fish are bioluminescent. They have large eyes
    and adipose fins.

44
Superorder Acanthopterygii
  • Ray-finned Fish they make up of a very diverse
    group of fish which usually have a Pelvic fin
    spine present.

45
Evolution of the Tetrapods
46
Evolution of the Tetrapods
47
Deep Sea Fish
  • Deep sea fish are among the most elusive and
    unusual looking creatures on Earth.
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