Principles, Models, Theories - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 13
About This Presentation
Title:

Principles, Models, Theories

Description:

Principles, Models, Theories & Laws 1. Principle of Objectivity- Scientists base all conclusions on facts 2. Principle of Tentativeness- Scientists are willing to ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:79
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 14
Provided by: lva8
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Principles, Models, Theories


1
Principles, Models, Theories Laws
2
10 Principles of Science
  • 1. Principle of Objectivity-
  • Scientists base all conclusions on facts
  • 2. Principle of Tentativeness-
  • Scientists are willing to modify their
    conclusions if new evidence disproves them
  • 3. Principle of Consistency-
  • Scientists assume that laws and the relationships
    they refer to remain consistent

3
10 Principles of Science
  • 4. Principle of Causality
  • Scientist believe that every phenomenon results
    from discoverable causes
  • 5. Principle of Parsimony
  • Scientists view the world in the simplest terms
    possible
  • 6. Principle of materiality
  • Scientists prefer material and mechanical
    explanations of phenomena

4
10 Principles of Science
  • 7. Principle of Relativeness
  • Scientists think of the world as consisting of
    sets of relationships
  • 8. Principle of dynamism
  • Scientists expect nature to be dynamic and
    changing
  • 9. Principle of Continuous discovery
  • Scientists hope that they can discover something
    previously unknown
  • 10. Principle of Social Limitation
  • Scientists work within a social framework- for
    the good of all

5
Models
  • Scientific model mental picture or description
    of something that
  • cannot be directly observed
  • e.g.
  • Model of an atom
  • Model of a black hole

Billiard ball model of an atom
6
Models
  • Good models
  • Explain characteristics of the concept or idea
    they represent
  • Can be used to make predictions about behaviors
    or responses in new situations
  • Can be tested

7
Testing Models
  • Daltons model could not explain electron
    movement
  • Replaced by Thompsons

Billiard ball model
  • Thompsons model could not explain deflection of
    radiation particles
  • Replaced by Rutherfords model

Muffin/ Plum pudding Model
  • Rutherfords could not explain light emission by
    excited electrons
  • Replaced by Bohrs model

Rutherford model
8
Theory
  • Theory - a set of principles that explain a
    scientific finding or phenomena.
  • Scientists create theories using scientific
    method
  • When first proposed hypothesis
  • Tested for accuracy through experimental
    observation
  • Once a hypothesis is verified by repeated testing
    it becomes a theory

9
Scientific Theory
  • Theory may be used to explain laws
  • Atomic Theory can be used to explain the Law of
    Conservation of Mass. Atoms change partners in a
    chemical reaction, none are created and none are
    destroyed

10
Theories explain Laws
  • Atomic Theory explains the Law of Conservation of
    Mass.

11
Law
  • A scientific law is a statement
  • describing a phenomenon in the
  • universe
  • A scientific law cannot be broken
  • -does not explain why

12
Law
  • Based on results of repeated testing of a
    hypothesis
  • E.g.
  • Law of Gravity all objects with mass are
  • attracted to one another
  • Law of inertia objects in motion stay in motion,
  • objects a rest stay at rest
  • Law of conservation of mass in a chemical
  • reaction, the mass of the reactants is equal to
    the
  • mass of the products

13
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com