Objective 6; Compare and contrast the various roles of the president, including Head of State, Commander-in-Chief, Chief Executive, Legislative Agenda Setter, Chief Diplomat, Party Leader, and Chief Economic Planner.

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• Objective 6 Compare and contrast the various
  roles of the president, including Head of State,
  Commander-in-Chief, Chief Executive, Legislative
  Agenda Setter, Chief Diplomat, Party Leader, and
  Chief Economic Planner.

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• 1. Head of State
• President is the ceremonial head of the U.S.
  government and the symbol of the nation.
• 2. Commander-in-Chief
• President is commander of all U.S. military
  forces. Constitution gives some power over
  foreign affairs and the military but the
  President dominates in these areas.

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• 3. Legislative Agenda Setter
• President is the architect of public policy. He
  sets the congressional agenda by initiating,
  suggesting, requesting, insisting, and demanding
  Congress enact certain legislation.
• 4. Chief Executive
• President is head of ALL federal agencies that
  fall under the executive branch.

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• 5. Chief Diplomat
• President is the architect of American foreign
  policy and the chief spokesperson for the nation.
  What he does and says is followed all over the
  world.
• 6. Party Leader
• He is the leader of his party. IF he is popular,
  Congressmen/women will follow his lead and
  support him. If not, they will try to separate
  themselves from him.

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• 7. Chief Economic Planner
• President makes a budget for the country and
  submits it to Congress. They often must come to
  compromises over it.
• President sets path for the economic direction of
  the country with tax cuts, tax increases, and
  incentives for industries, govt regulation,
  etc.
• Economics is one of the major areas of division
  between Republicans and Democrats.

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• Objective 7 Describe how presidents have used
  their foreign policy powers, in terms of both
  diplomatic and military, to increase their power
  relative to Congress.

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• President sets the countrys foreign policy and
  is the Commander-in-Chief of the military.
• Military is often used to back up foreign
  policy.
• President can make treaties, with help of Sec. of
  State.
• Senate must give 2/3rds approval.

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• President can also make Executive Agreements.
• Executive Agreements are pacts between a
  President and the head of a foreign state.
• They do NOT require Senate approval but flow out
  of legislation already passed by Congress or out
  of existing treaties.
• Ex Destroyers- Base Agreement 1940

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• The President can also use Recognition as a
  weapon in foreign relations.
• Often provides a country with protection, (Ex
  Panama, 1903
• Israel, 1948)
• And/or foreign aid from U.S.
• President can withdraw a diplomat if he becomes
  displeased with a nations conduct.
• Iran, 1979

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• President dominates military policy.
• Presidents power as Commander-in-Chief is almost
  limitless.
• President has final authority and responsibility
  for all military matters.
• Have often used military power without a
  declaration of war.

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• War Powers Act of 1973 was an attempt by Congress
  to limit Presidents military power.
• It was originally vetoed by Nixon but Congress
  overrode it.
• Constitutionality of it has been in dispute since
  its inception.

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• Objective 8 Explain the impeachment process for
  governmental officials, including the impeachment
  proceedings of Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton.

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• Constitution provides that the President, and all
  civil officers of the U.S. may, be removed from
  Office on Impeachment for and Conviction of,
  Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and
  Misdemeanors.
• The House accuses and brings charges.
• The Senate has the power to try or judge in
  impeachment cases.

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• The Chief Justice presides over the Senate during
  the trial.
• Conviction requires a 2/3rds vote by the Senate.
  
• Penalty is removal from office and the Senate can
  prohibit the convicted person from holding
  federal office again.
• Person can also be tried in regular courts.

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• There have been 17 impeachments and 7
  convictions, all federal judges.
• 1868- Andrew Johnson was impeached but not
  convicted by 1 vote. (acquitted)
• He purposely violated the Tenure in Office Act,
  (which he vetoed but was overridden).

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• 1998 Bill Clinton impeached by the House.
• Charged with Perjury and Obstruction of Justice
  for withholding information.
• He was acquitted on both charges.
• Perjury vote was 45-55
• Obstruction vote was 50-50.
• Public opinion was against convicting him.

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• Objective 9 Analyze the role and importance of
  the cabinet, including the customary
  qualifications for nomination.
• Cabinet is an informal advisory body brought
  together by the President to serve his needs.
• Not mentioned by the Constitution.
• 1789-first Cabinet. Consisted of Sec. of State,
  Sec. of War, and Attorney General.

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• 15 Cabinet positions today.
• Head of each is appointed by the President and
  subject to Senate confirmation.
• Almost all chosen on Party lines.
• Many helped get President elected.
• President tries to give regional balance by
  choosing people from all demographic and
  geographic areas.

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• Interest groups influence appointment of some.
• Cabinet members have 2 major jobs
• 1. Administrative leader of his/her department.
• 2. Advisor to the President in their particular
  area.
• Some Presidents take advice more serious than
  others.

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• Objective 10 Compare and contrast role and
  responsibilities of the Executive Office of the
  President, the independent regulatory agencies,
  and the government corporations, understanding
  the purpose of each in shaping pubic policy.

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• Executive Office of the President (EOP) a complex
  organization of several separate agencies staffed
  by advisors of the President. Est. 1939
• 1. The White House Office
• Nerve Center of the EOP.
• Most of the Presidents staff occupies the West
  Wing of the White House.

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• Chief of Staff directs all operations of the
  White House Office.
• White House Office also includes, Press
  Secretary, legal advisors, Presidents doctor,
  First Ladys Office, etc
• Over 400 people work for the White House Office.

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• Current Chief of Staff is Rahm Emanuel
• .

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