Helping advanced students increase their vocabulary store

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Helping advanced students increase their
vocabulary store

• Roy Norris

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• We now recognise that much of our vocabulary
  consists of prefabricated chunks of different
  kinds. The single most important kind of chunk is
  collocation.
• If native speakers store large amounts of
  language in chunks, what strategies should
  language teachers adopt if they are to help
  learners build mental lexicons which are
  similarly phrasal?
• Michael Lewis Teaching collocation

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• A Bottom-up approach
• B Top-down approach

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Affixation nouns

• Form abstract nouns from the following words.
• 1 achieve achievement .
• 2 survive ___________________
• 3 please ___________________
• 4 aware ___________________
• 5 offend ___________________
• 6 urgent ___________________
• 7 satisfy ___________________
• 8 responsible ___________________
• 9 adapt ___________________
• 10 accurate ___________________

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Affixation nouns

• Form abstract nouns from the following words.
• 1 achieve achievement .
• 2 survive survival .
• 3 please (dis)pleasure .
• 4 aware (un)awareness .
• 5 offend offence .
• 6 urgent urgency .
• 7 satisfy (dis)satisfaction .
• 8 responsible (ir)responsibility .
• 9 adapt adaptation .
• 10 accurate (in)accuracy .
  

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Affixation nouns

• Complete each gap with the correct noun form of
  the
• word in capitals.
• 1 He ran the marathon in 2 hours 20 minutes. What
  an
• _____ ! ACHIEVE
• 2 I was amazed at her _____. She went 20 days
  without
• food. SURVIVE
• 3 I enjoyed the funfair. I had a lot of
  _____there. PLEASE
• 4 I didnt know she was pregnant. I had no _____
  of that.
• AWARE

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Affixation nouns

• Complete each gap with the correct noun form of a
  
• word from the box. You may need to use a negative
  or
• plural form of the noun.
• accurate aware responsible urgent achieve
• adapt offend please satisfy survive
• 1 It was a remarkable _______ , and the record
  stood for
• many years.
• 2 Rainforest destruction is threatening the
  _______ of
• many endangered species.
• 3 It gives me great _______ to announce the
  winner of
• this prestigious award.
• 4 The campaign is intended to raise _______ of a
  number of environmental issues.

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• accurate aware responsible urgent
  achieve
• adapt offend please satisfy
  survive
• 5 The law makes it a criminal _______ to publish
  insulting
• remarks about the President.
• 6 Food and medical aid are to be sent to the
  affected area
• as a matter of _______.
• 7 I am writing to express my _______ with the
  poor
• service I received recently at your bank.
• 8 The successful applicant will be required to
  carry out a
• wide range of _______.
• 9 Gregory Peck starred in the film _______ of
  Harper
• Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird.
• 10 Part of the editors job is to correct any
  factual ______
• which appear in the manuscript.

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Hits on Google

• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 859.000 de
  "remarkable achievement".
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 69.600 de
  "threatening the survival of".
•   Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 539.000 de
  "gives me great pleasure to ".
•   Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 5.020 de
  "correct factual inaccuracies".
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 10.500 de
  "makes it a criminal offence to".

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Adjective collocates of offence

• criminal arrestable indictable serious
  bookable aggravated sexual alleged
  motoring lesser minor non-fatal firearm
  terrorist drink-driving imprisonable
  punishable driving
• drug further suspected trivial

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Affixation nouns

• Complete each gap with the correct noun form of
  the
• word in capitals.
• 1 He ran the marathon in 2 hours 20 minutes. What
  an
• _____ ! ACHIEVE
• 2 I was amazed at her _____. She went 20 days
  without
• food. SURVIVE
• 3 I enjoyed the funfair. I had a lot of
  _____there. PLEASE
• 4 I didnt know she was pregnant. I had no _____
  of that.
• AWARE

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• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 586 de "had
  a lot of pleasure".
• Ive had a lot of pleasure working with Ottawa
  immigrants.
• I had a lot of pleasure, reading this book.
• I had a lot of pleasure in being successful.
• Ive had a lot of pleasure being involved.

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Student vocabulary record

• Noun affixation
• a remarkable achievement
• threaten the survival of endangered species
• It gives me great pleasure to announce
• raise awareness of a number of issues
• The law makes it a criminal offence to
• send medical supplies as a matter of urgency
• I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with
• carry out a wide range of responsibilities
• the film adaptation of a book
• correct factual inaccuracies

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Exercise design

• The sentences should be
• Authentic
• Meaningful
• Informative
• The language in them should be
• Recordable
• Memorable
• Reusable

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• Adjective affixes

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Adjective affixes

• an imaginary friend
• an unforgettable experience
• potentially harmful side-effects
• feel powerless to do anything about it
• found a receptive audience among
• a totally unexpected outcome
• an infectious laugh
• an introductory paragraph
• facial expressions
• the rising cost of

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• Adjective affixes Hits on Google
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 993.000 de
  "imaginary friend".
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 1.150.000
  de "unforgettable experience".
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 42.200 de
  "potentially harmful side effects".
• Resultados 1 - 10 de aproximadamente 94.000 de
  "powerless to do anything about".

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• Three-part
• phrasal verbs

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Three-part phrasal verbs

• Match the phrasal verbs with the definitions
• come in for sign up for go in for come up
  against
• crack down on put up with put down to
• enter a competition
• start dealing with sbdy or sthg more strictly
• attribute to
• join a course or organization
• receive criticism, blame or unpleasant comments
• have to deal with something difficult or
  unpleasant
• accept unpleasant behaviour or an annoying
  situation
• without complaining even though you do not like
  it
• Source Macmillan Phrasal Verbs Plus

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Three-part phrasal verbs

• 1 Not surprisingly, the government has come in
  for
• criticism over its handling of the crisis.
• 2 No more tinned food Im going to sign up for
• a cookery course!
• 3 When I was about eleven or twelve I went in for
• a competition and won a trip to Paris.
• 4 Their plans to build a house in Spain came up
  against
• a few problems and they had to abandon the
  idea.

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Three-part phrasal verbs

• 5 The new legislation is designed to crack down
  on
• juvenile crime and delinquency.
• 6 They had to move they just couldnt put up
  with
• the constant noise of the motorway.
• 7 It really is so expensive theyre getting
  away with
• daylight robbery!
• 8 A self-made man, Relf puts his success down to
• hard work and persistence.

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• Adjectives formed with particles

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Adjectives formed with particles

• an uphill struggle
• out-of-town superstores
• an out-of-the-way place
• indoor or outdoor activities
• an outspoken critic
• a sit-down meal
• an off-the-peg suit
• online banking services

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• overnight
• Google
• an overnight success sensation stay visit trip
  train
• Macmillan English Dictionary
• only before noun
• 1 working, travelling or happening during the
  night an overnight stay the overnight
  train/flight/ferry my bold
• 2 happening after a very short time an overnight
  success
• Oxford Collocations Dictionary
• No entry for overnight, though it does appear as
  a collocate of success
• and others.
• www.sketchengine.co.uk
• stay 40 accommodation 38 bag 35 stop 19
• rain 20 train 11 success 13 lead 8 (golf)

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• uphill
• Google
• Uphill on its own does not yield very much. With
  the verb to be
• however, we get the information we are looking
  for. Here are the four
• most frequent collocates.
• is an uphill struggle battle task climb
• Macmillan English Dictionary
• 1 towards the top of the slope or a hill a steep
  uphill climb
• 2 difficult to do or achieve uphill
  battle/struggle/task etc
• The Opposition face an uphill struggle to win
  back voters.
• Oxford Collocations Dictionary
• No entry for uphill, though it does appear as a
  collocate of battle,
• struggle etc
• www.sketchengine.co.uk
• struggle 58 battle 24 task 25 slope 7
  work 7

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Vocabulary records

• Students should develop an efficient personal
  system for recording the new vocabulary they
  learn. They should record as much detail as
  possible, including information about
  complementation and collocations of the words
  learned.
• CAE Handbook

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Vocabulary records

• uphill
• adj /phonemes/ stress on first syllable
• translation
• Example from exercise Is learning an uphill
  struggle for you or a
• relatively easy task?
• 1 towards the top of the slope or a hill a steep
  uphill climb
• 2 difficult to do or achieve The Opposition face
  an uphill struggle to win
• back voters.
• noun struggle battle task climb
• adv /phonemes/ stress on second syllable
• The road leads uphill towards the church.

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• Alternative ways
• to express meaning

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CAE Speaking Part 3

• Talk to each other about why these skills might
  be
• important in our lives, and then decide which
  three you
• consider to be the most important to teach young
  people.
• Talk to each other about how useful the
  technology is to
• these people, and then decide which piece of
  technology
• might have the greatest impact on their lives.
• Talk to each other about what you might read in
  each
• chapter of the book, and then decide which two
  chapters
• would be the most interesting.

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Paraphrasing

• I cried
• I nearly cried
• I laughed
• I got angry
• It surprised me
• It frightened me
• It made me happy
• It depressed me

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CAE Transformations

• I nearly cried when I heard the news.
• close
• I ______________ when I heard the news.
• The arrival of spring makes me feel happy and
  want to sing.
• puts
• The arrival of spring _________________ and
  makes me want to sing.

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Paraphrasing adapting coursebook exercises

• Comparisons
• 1 The most irritating thing in the world is
  having to wait for someone whos late.
• 2 The food in my country is very different from
  that in the rest of the world.
• 3 The political parties in my country are all
  very similar to each other.
• .
• 5 My countrys national football team is just as
  good as most others.
• 6 Our English teacher looks remarkably similar to
  a famous TV personality.

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Paraphrasing adapting coursebook exercises

• Student record
• Theres nothing more irritating than having
• to wait for someone whos late.
• The most irritating thing in the world is
• having to wait for someone whos late.

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• B Top-down approach

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Paraphrasing using a coursebook text

• 7 we shared an enthusiasm for
• we were both keen on
• 8 developing a fresh set of social networks
• making new friends

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Preparing for the Use of English Papers

• Students need a thorough grounding in the
  grammatical system of English and a good
  knowledge of vocabulary, appropriate to the
  level. As well as studying these things overtly
  in particular language input lessons in the
  classroom, students will benefit from an
  integrated course in which skills work plays an
  important part.
• In particular, students need to read as much as
  possible to maximise exposure to a wide range of
  vocabulary in different contexts, and to acquire
  a feel for the grammar of the language, enabling
  them to see how structure and form can be
  manipulated accurately.
• Bulletin 8 Use of English Cambridge ESOL

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Noticing vocabulary

• For the first time in my life I have been dumped
  by a friend. I should have seen it coming the
  phone calls not returned, the excuses about not
  feeling very sociable right now, the e-mails
  that languished unreplied in the ether. Yet the
  letter suggesting that the time had come for us
  to move on still came as a shock.
• It didnt seem to fit in with our modern ideal
  of friendship. As growing numbers of us live
  alone, friends are becoming more important. They
  are our families of choice, were told, taking on
  the roles of parent, spouse, sibling and best
  friend.

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Noticing vocabulary

• For the first time in my life I have been dumped
  by a friend. I should have seen it coming the
  phone calls not returned, the excuses about not
  feeling very sociable right now, the e-mails
  that languished unreplied in the ether. Yet the
  letter suggesting that the time had come for us
  to move on still came as a shock.
• It didnt seem to fit in with our modern ideal
  of friendship. As growing numbers of us live
  alone, friends are becoming more important. They
  are our families of choice, were told, taking on
  the roles of parent, spouse, sibling and best
  friend.

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Noticing vocabulary

• For the first time in my life I have been dumped
  by a friend. I should have seen it coming the
  phone calls not returned, the excuses about not
  feeling very sociable right now, the e-mails
  that languished unreplied in the ether. Yet the
  letter suggesting that the time had come for us
  to move on still came as a shock.
• It didnt seem to fit in with our modern ideal
  of friendship. As growing numbers of us live
  alone, friends are becoming more important. They
  are our families of choice, were told, taking on
  the roles of parent, spouse, sibling and best
  friend.

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Vocabulary record

• End of a Friendship (Straightforward p81)
• return a phone call
• devolver una llamada
• I should have seen it coming the phone calls
  not returned, the
• excuses about not feeling very sociable right now
  
• the time had come for us to move on
• It was time for us to make a change (in our
  lives)
• the letter came as a shock
• the letter gave me an unpleasant surprise
• growing numbers of us live alone
• more and more of us live alone

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Noticing vocabulary

• Nouns then associated verbs adjectives etc
• Each student decides which vocabulary he or she
  wants to record.
• Where possible, students should record language
  in the form in which they find it.
• 6 to 8 items per text is probably enough.
• Familiar words in unfamiliar surroundings

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Noticing vocabulary

• For the first time in my life I have been dumped
  by a friend. I should have seen it coming the
  phone calls not returned, the excuses about not
  feeling very sociable right now, the e-mails
  that languished unreplied in the ether. Yet the
  letter suggesting that the time had come for us
  to move on still came as a shock.
• It didnt seem to fit in with our modern ideal
  of friendship. As growing numbers of us live
  alone, friends are becoming more important. They
  are our families of choice, were told, taking on
  the roles of parent, spouse, sibling and best
  friend.

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The Fast Track to Burnout

• Lily Tan left university with an MBA distinction
  and was quickly snapped up by a major retail
  chain. In just five years she achieved a senior
  management position and after receiving news of
  the promotion she was elated. I rang round just
  about everyone I could think of, she laughs.
  But the next day I felt nothing. I had no
  inclination to get out of bed and face the
  constant pressure. Despite her sudden
  disillusionment, she continued to persevere and
  was the brains behind a new strategy. Everyone
  seemed to be in favour of it at the planning
  stage, she says. But during the implementation
  stage, unforeseen problems arose and eventually
  the strategy was abandoned. Lilys next
  performance appraisal gave her a really low
  rating, which she found devastating. The whole
  experience was quite traumatizing and I was too
  emotionally immature to deal with it. It wasnt
  long before Lily left and set up her own
  recruitment company, which is now flourishing.
  She still regrets her discovery that there is no
  such thing as team spirit when one of the members
  makes a mistake.

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The Fast Track to Burnout

• Lily Tan left university with an MBA distinction
  and was quickly snapped up by a major retail
  chain. In just five years she achieved a senior
  management position and after receiving news of
  the promotion she was elated. I rang round just
  about everyone I could think of, she laughs.
  But the next day I felt nothing. I had no
  inclination to get out of bed and face the
  constant pressure. Despite her sudden
  disillusionment, she continued to persevere and
  was the brains behind a new strategy. Everyone
  seemed to be in favour of it at the planning
  stage, she says. But during the implementation
  stage, unforeseen problems arose and eventually
  the strategy was abandoned. Lilys next
  performance appraisal gave her a really low
  rating, which she found devastating. The whole
  experience was quite traumatizing and I was too
  emotionally immature to deal with it. It wasnt
  long before Lily left and set up her own
  recruitment company, which is now flourishing.
  She still regrets her discovery that there is no
  such thing as team spirit when one of the members
  makes a mistake.

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The Fast Track to Burnout

• Lily Tan left university with an MBA distinction
  and was quickly snapped up by a major retail
  chain. In just five years she achieved a senior
  management position and after receiving news of
  the promotion she was elated. I rang round just
  about everyone I could think of, she laughs.
  But the next day I felt nothing. I had no
  inclination to get out of bed and face the
  constant pressure. Despite her sudden
  disillusionment, she continued to persevere and
  was the brains behind a new strategy. Everyone
  seemed to be in favour of it at the planning
  stage, she says. But during the implementation
  stage, unforeseen problems arose and eventually
  the strategy was abandoned. Lilys next
  performance appraisal gave her a really low
  rating, which she found devastating. The whole
  experience was quite traumatizing and I was too
  emotionally immature to deal with it. It wasnt
  long before Lily left and set up her own
  recruitment company, which is now flourishing.
  She still regrets her discovery that there is no
  such thing as team spirit when one of the members
  makes a mistake.

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Reading programme

• Extract from (new) CAE Handbook p. 9 Reading
• It is helpful to introduce a programme of
  reading at home. As part of the weekly homework
  assignments, an idea might be to introduce a
  reading scheme which involves the students in
  providing verbal or written reviews on the texts
  they have read. These could include unabridged
  short stories or novels, newspaper and magazine
  articles, leaflets, non-fiction etc. Where
  possible, your students should be encouraged to
  follow up on their hobbies and interests by
  reading magazines or looking on the internet for
  articles in English about sport, computers,
  fashion etc. Research in these areas could also
  lead to a series of short class talks or articles
  for a class project. A class or school magazine
  may also encourage interest in reading.

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http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/russia

• Reopening of Bolshoi theatre put back to 2011
• My face-to-face encounter with the 'drunk'
  Aeroflot pilot
• Concert raises questions about Putin's alleged
  love for Abba
• It's -24C in Russia but life goes on
• Putin painting fetches 750,000 in charity
  auction
• Who are the Russians in 'Londonograd'?
• Nasa alert as Russian and US satellites crash in
  space

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Activities texts taken from
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Really Useful Words

• Some nouns do not have much meaning, so they
  nearly always have an adjective with them. In
  some ways they are more like part of the grammar
  of English than its vocabulary. If you want to
  use nouns like this naturally, you need to know
  lots of adjective collocates. Almost any noun
  headword which has a very long entry in a
  collocation dictionary is suitable for this
  activity, such as

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Really Useful Words

• account, action, answer, approach, argument,
  behaviour, change, circumstances, condition,
  consequences, decision, difference, discussion,
  effect, feature, idea, information, interest,
  issue, manner, method, move, performance, plan,
  policy, position, problem, programme, project,
  question, reason, relationship, result, scheme,
  situation, solution, state, story, style, system,
  theme, theory, use, view, vision, way, work.
• Michael Lewis Teaching Collocation

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CAE Speaking Part 3

• Talk to each other about how competition affects
  these areas of our lives, and then decide in
  which one competition can have a positive, and in
  which a negative effect.
• Talk to each other about these situations, saying
  what effect the speed of life has on people
  today, and then decide in which situation speed
  is the most desirable.
• Talk to each other about the effect each of these
  events has had on the world we live in, and then
  decide which one has had the greatest influence
  on peoples lives.

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• There are other means, as well, for signalling
  the evolving argument of a text. One is through
  the use of nominalization. There are key words,
  such as way, problem, answer, situation, process,
  and so on, that can either encapsulate what has
  gone before or set up expectations as to what is
  to come.
• Each parent passes on certain characteristics to
  its offspring. This process is called heredity.
  Heredity works in an amazing way.
• Process encapsulates the entire proposition
  expressed in the first sentence.
• Way .. signals that some kind of description
  will follow.
• Scott Thornbury Beyond the sentence (Macmillan)

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Really Useful words

1. The television is a/an _________ method of
   obtaining information, so I always buy a
   newspaper to get news.
2. She found herself in a/an _________ position
   money was tight and she could only afford to send
   one of her children to school.
3. We only anticipated _________ problems so we
   decided to go ahead with the plan.
4. It was a/an _________ idea, and I, for one, would
   not be supporting it.
5. Buying land near the proposed site for the
   shopping complex was a/an _________ move and he
   made millions on the resale.

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Effect

• A positive effect beneficial, the desired,
  soothing
• A negative effect adverse, catastrophic,
  damaging, detrimental harmful
• A big effect dramatic, far-reaching, important,
  lasting, noticeable, significant
• A small effect limited, minimal

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Activities texts taken from