Non revenue water

1
Non revenue water
save water ..save life..
project by soham water management utility
services pvt. ltd.
2
Non revenue water

• Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been
  produced and is lost before it reaches the
  customer. Losses can be real losses...
• Unaccounted-for water is the difference between
  the amount of water produced, or purchased, and
  the amount of water sold to all customers.
• Unaccounted-for water includes underground
  leakage unauthorized use unavoidable leakage,
  inaccurate master, industrial, commercial and
  domestic meters and unusual causes.

3
Non revenue water

• Breakdown of NRW into its components
• The International Water Association (IWA) has
  developed a detailed methodology to assess the
  various components of NRW.
• Unbilled authorized consumption
• Apparent losses (water theft and metering
  inaccuracies)
• Real losses (from transmission mains, storage
  facilities, distribution mains or service
  connections)
• In many utilities the exact breakdown of NRW
  components and sub-components is simply not
  known, making it difficult to decide about the
  best course of action to reduce NRW. Metering of
  water use at the level of production (wells, bulk
  water supply), at key points in the distribution
  network and for consumers is essential to
  estimate levels of NRW
• For developing countries the World Bank has
  estimated that, on average, apparent losses - in
  particular theft through illegal connections -
  account for about 40 of NRW. In some cities,
  apparent losses can be higher than real losses.

4
Non revenue water-objective

• Objective of Work
• Digitalizing the water distribution network by
  GIS
• Install flow meter for audit account of water
  distribution
• Prevent Leakage/Losses
• Prevent/ Find the E-legal water distribution
  connection.
• Optimize the demand according to supply / Save
  the water.
• Estimate accurate Revenue of water/ Usages.
• Maintain the accurate data set for water usages.
• Minimize the maintenance of the system.
• Fault free/ Continuous water distribution system/
  supply

5
Step-1 Post Processing System
Methodology
Base Map
Topo Map/ Image
Field Data
GIS/ Data set
MDR System/ Post Processing
EPANET/ Analysis
Full fill the Objective
6
Non revenue water

• DIGITALIZING THE WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK BY
  GIS MAPPING
• INSTALLATION OF FLOWMETER AT REQUIRED NODES
• ACTUAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER LOSS
• REAL TIME DATA COLLECTION THROUGH GPRS MODEM
• LEAK / THEFT DETECTION
• CONTROLLING MONITORING THE WATER DISTRIBUTION
  NETWORK THROUGH SCADA PROGRAMMING
• WMS / MIS TO CONTROL ACCESS ONLINE WATER
  DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.
• ALSO GENERATES REQUIRED REPORTS PER DAY,PER WEEK
  OR AS PER REQUIREMENTS. WMS STORE ALL OF DATAS
  FOR LAST TEN YEARS.

7
Step-1 Pre Processing System/ Fully Automation
Methodology
Base Map
Topo Map/ Image
Field Data
GIS/ Data set
GTI System/ Pre Processing
EPANET/ Analysis
Real Time Complex System
SCADA Analysis
Full fill the Objective
8
Non Revenue Water

• Benefits of NRW reduction
• Financial gains from increased water sales or
  reduced water production, including possibly the
  delay of costly capacity expansion
• Increased knowledge about the distribution
  system can adopt automation.
• Increased water availability as losses recovered
  hence more water for more people.
• Reduced property damage
• Reduced risk of contamination
• More stabilized water pressure throughout the
  system
• Leakage reduction may also be an opportunity to
  improve relations with the public and employees.
  A leak detection program may be highly visible,
  encouraging people to think about water
  conservation.

9
Non Revenue Water

• Estimated Non Revenue Water among ULBs in Gujarat
• Category of ULB Non Revenue Water ()
• Gujarat state Average 30
• Municipal Corporations 34
• Class A 33
• Class B 26
• Class C 32
• Class D 30
• (Source Based on PAS Survey.)
• The average NRW across all classes of ULBs in
  Gujarat ranges between 26-34 indicating that
  nearly one-third of water is lost in
  distribution.
• If the NRW is reduced to the benchmark level of
  20, there would be an increase in water supplied
  to the consumers and an increase in revenue to
  the ULBs. It must be recognised that NRW is
  difficult to estimate in a context where there
  are no measurements of flow at source of water or
  at major distribution points and consumer points.
  In the PAS survey, the NRW measurements are based
  on estimates of water supply and consumption.
  Better measurement of NRW can be done by
  conducting preliminary water audits.
• Our estimates of NRW are on the lower side, as
  we have made assumptions about water consumption
  at the consumer end. No ULB in Gujarat has water
  meters, nor do most ULBs in Gujarat conduct water
  audit to assess the quantum of NRW.
• In one municipality in Gujarat, where a
  preliminary water audit was undertaken recently,
  the NRW was estimated to be 44, as against the
  33 value.
• (Ref. Ministry of Urban Development (MOUD), 2008,
  Handbook of Service Level Benchmarks)

10
Non Revenue Water

• A demonstration of how this can be done, we look
  at the case of Kalol municipality. Kalol is
  located about 20 km by road from Gandhinagar
  about 30 km from Ahmedabad. It has a population
  of approximately 150,000 (111,700 as per 2001
  census). It receives its water from both surface
  and ground water sources. The major source is
  Pratappura Water Treatment Plant set up by the
  Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB)
  that takes about 12.5 MLD of water from Narmada
  Canal. Besides this, the 21 boreholes within the
  city are used to draw about 5 MLD of water.
• The municipality has 17,800 connections serving
  about 30,000 households. With the present
  estimated population, the supply requirement is
  about 23 million (assuming 135 lpcd). Thus there
  is a shortfall of 6 MLD of water.
• A preliminary water audit suggests that the NRW
  in Kalol is 44, which is much higher than the
  33 reported by the ULB. It is thus possible to
  meet the shortfall of water in Kalol by reducing
  the NRW. Physical losses account for a major part
  of NRW and the municipality would benefit
  immensely from plugging all the leaks and
  monitoring flows in the system regularly.
• Kalol municipality spends nearly Rs.37.5 million
  a year to operate and maintain its water supply
  and collects only Rs.830,000 a year. There is a
  large gap between its water related expenditures
  and corresponding receipt.
• As a first option, one can begin to look at ways
  to cut expenditure. If the physical losses are
  reduced (by plugging leaks), there will a saving
  of Rs. 6.4 million. Similarly, the energy costs
  can be reduced by Rs. 4.4 million through
  replacement of old and inefficient pumps at a few
  critical locations. On the revenue enhancement
  front, Kalol needs to improve its collection
  efficiency from 48 to 90, identify and
  regularise illegal connections and start billing
  them and expand coverage in slums and in other
  areas. Our analysis shows that tariff revision
  should be the last option to be considered as
  this helps avoid passing on the ULB
  inefficiencies to its paying consumers.

11
Non Revenue Water

• HOW TO REDUCE NRW ?
• 1) DIGITIZING THE GIS MAP OF WATER DISTRIBUTION
  NETWORK
• 2) ACCESSMENT OF NRW IN DIFFERENT NODES /
  BRANCHES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK BY
  ULTRASONIC DIGITAL FLOWMETER.
• 3) MONITOR NRW LOSSES THROUGH METERING
• 4) DATA ACCESS OF NRW THROUGH GPRS
• 5) PREVENTION OF LEAK DETECTION ILLEGAL THEFT
  BY GPR. ( GROUND PENETRATING RADAR )
• 6) FUTURE VISION BY USING SCADA PROGRAMMING AND
  INSTRUMENTS AUTOMATION WE CAN MONITOR AND PREVENT
  THE NRW LOSSES. EVEN WE CAN MAINTAIN THE DATA AND
  CAN MONITOR THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK THROUGH PC
  FROM OFFICE.

12
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• Part 1 What is a GIS?
• GIS stands for geographic information System.
  GIS has been developed in recent years for the
  purpose of using andstudying geographic
  information. Consequently, geography underpins
  GIS and is the key to understanding it.
• Geographic information is simply information that
  expresses and describes the locations of objects
  and features. It relates to the distribution and
  patterns of physical and human features that
  exist on the Earths surface.

13
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• How do we create geographic information?
• Essentially, geographic information states what
  is where. So to create geographic information, we
  have to record these two elements somehow. They
  can be captured through many different types of
  observations, measurements and surveys. Data can
  be sourced from aerial photography, satellite
  images, field samples, land surveying, population
  censuses, global positioning systems (GPS) and
  government administrative records among others.

14
(No Transcript)
15
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• What are the essential elements of geographic
  information?
• Geographic information is simply information that
  can be located. The most obvious source of
  geographic information is maps, in which
  information about the world around us is plotted
  within a structured framework (a coordinate
  system) that allows us to find its location.
  However, maps are not simple representations of
  geographic information and are themselves
  produced by combining the three essential
  components of geographic information
• The location of the geographic information maps
  use a coordinate system to allow locations to be
  read
• The shape (geometry) of the geographic
  information the shape of the features and
  themes are drawn onto the map
• The description of the geographic information a
  legend provides descriptions of the shapes drawn
  on the map

16
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• How do we represent geographical information in a
  computer?
• Geographic information contains locations, shapes
  and descriptions of the information. A geographic
  information system uses a computer to combine and
  analyse multiple sets of geographic information.
  In order to achieve this, it is necessary to code
  the geographic information into a format that the
  computer understands.Representing
  locationFirstly, the geographic information
  needs to be located using some sort of
  cartographic format that the computer can
  understand. This requires geographic information
  in a GIS to also have information about the map
  projection and coordinate system in which it is
  stored entered. This data is usually input by the
  GIS operator and stored alongside the geographic
  information. Describing shapeSecondly, the
  computer needs to have a way of storing the shape
  of the geographic information. This might be the
  locations of points, the shape of lines such as
  roads, or the shape of polygon boundaries such as
  the outline of a building (this is known as
  vector data). It may also store geographic
  information as a grid, with each cell in the grid
  containing a subset of the geographic information
  (this is known as raster data). Generally, the
  computer relies on the complex shapes being
  simplified into a number of simple, linked,
  tables (often referred to as a database)
  containing the coordinates of the features and
  information about how each shape relates to those
  around it.Describing the informationFinally,
  the computer needs to hold descriptions of the
  geographic information. This is also done using
  tables containing descriptions that are linked to
  the tables containing the shape information.

17
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• Summary
• The following diagram summarises the components
  required to represent the physical features and
  human features around us in a geographic
  information system.

18
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• What can the GIS software do with the information
  stored in the computer?
• GIS software has a large variety of tools of
  varying levels of complexity. Listed below are
  core standard functions that are common to most
  GIS software packages.
• Mapping and cartography Visualize features and
  manipulate symbology and colours to create an
  output map with title, scale bar, north arrow
  etc.
• Query Ask questions of feature attributes such
  as where is? Whats the nearest? What
  intersects with?
• Select Identify features and their attributes
  that meet some criteria.
• Distance Calculates the distance between
  features.
• Buffers Rings drawn around features at a
  specified distance from the features.
• Overlay The display of multiple layers of
  information at one location.
• Clip Cuts an input layer to the size and extent
  of a selected layer.
• Merge Combines multiple layers into one layer.
• Raster analysis There is a whole separate suite
  of tool for raster analysis that includes
  classifying cells, deriving aspect and slope,
  mosaicing and calculating new cell values among
  many others.
• 3D Data can be viewed with height in
  3-dimensions for powerful visualization.

19
Non Revenue Water- GIS Mapping

• Who uses GIS and Why?
• GIS has evolved into a technology that is used by
  a huge number of industries and agencies to help
  plan, design, engineer, build and maintain
  information infrastructures that effects our
  everyday lives. The table below lists common
  users of GIS.Industry Use of GIS
• Forestry Inventory and management of resources
• Police Crime mapping to target resources
• Transport Monitoring routes
• Utilities Managing pipe networks
• Oil Monitoring ships and managing pipelines
• Environment agencies Identifying areas of risk
  from flood
• Military Troop movement
• Mobile phone companies Locating masts
• Land ReGIStry Recording and managing land
• Agriculture Analyzing crop yield
• Electricity distribution co. infrastructural up
  gradation consumer indexing

20
Non Revenue Water- Assessment

• Before planning NRW reduction activities ideally
  at least a quick water audit should be undertaken
  to establish an initial water balance. This would
  involve the following steps
• Step 1 determine system input volume
• Step 2 determine authorized consumption
• ? billed authorized consumption
• ? unbilled authorized consumption
• Step 3 estimate commercial losses
• ? water theft, fraud
• ? meter under-registration
• ? data handling errors
• Step 4 calculate physical losses

21
Non Revenue Water- Assessment
22
Non Revenue Water- Assessment

• Leakage Classification
• Reported Bursts
• ? visible, phoned in by public, observed by water
  utility
• staff, normally large flow rate and short
  run- time
• Unreported Bursts
• ? non-visible, located during a leak detection
  survey, often smaller but long run-time
• Background Leakage
• ? very small leaks difficult and uneconomic to
  detect and repair individually

23
Non Revenue Water- Assessment

• Measure the flow by ultrasonic flow meter
• We can find out the branch or nodes of NRW.

B2
B1
B3
24
Non Revenue Water- Assessment
25
Non Revenue Water-GPRS Monitoring
26
Non Revenue Water-GPRS Monitoring
27
Non Revenue Water-GPRS Monitoring
GPRS / GSM DATA LOGGER
28
Non Revenue Water-Leak Detection By GPRS/GSM
Technology
29
Non Revenue Water-GPRS Monitoring
GTI COMMUNICATION STRUCTURE
30
Non Revenue Water-Leak Detection By GPRS/GSM
Technology
31
Non Revenue Water-Leak Detection By GPRS/GSM
Technology
GTI SPECIFICATION
32
Non Revenue Water-Leak Detection By GPRS/GSM
Technology
PRESSURE DROP , LEAKAGE FLOW RATE
33
Non Revenue Water-Leak Detection by GPRS/GSM
Technology
34
LEAK INDICATION BY GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

• Tracing of loaded and dead cables, metal
  pipelines (depth up to 6 m, distance of 5 km from
  the transmitter connection point)
• Tracing nonmetal pipelines by acoustic method.
• Water leak detection.
• Pinpoint of cable damages by acoustic and
  electromagnetic methods.
• Selection of the cable from a bunch.
• Detection of the places of pipes
  depressurization (3 m depth)
• Survey of areas before the ground-works
  performing

35
IT REALLY WORKS

• IMPLEMENTED ON FALASAN-VALASANA PROJECT
• WORKED OUT CONSUMPTION GIVES THE FIGURE OF 1.8
  TIMES THE NORMAL USAGE
• CAN FEED 5000 MORE HOUSE HOLDS FROM THE SAME
  RESOURCES
• CAN BE APPLIED TO REST AREAS LIKEWISE

36
Future Vision- Thinking Out Of Box

• Usage of upgraded technology for automization
• Absolute system shall be replaced by high tech
  configuration network
• Will enable remote access control through
  computerization
• Monitoring evaluation to arrive-at the analyzed
  data computation digitally through interlinked
  SCADA with GPRS would be feasible
• Shall have the apparent advantage of reduced men
  power and eliminating human errors.
• Reflection of State growth ranking at national
  plateform.

37
Non Revenue Water-Future Vision
Advantages

• Portable water availability to every household
  both in urban and especially in remote rural
  areas.
• Increased irrigation by cultivating more area
  using optimized water through MIS.
• Would lead to increased ground water level
  recharging.
• Minimum bare usage of electricity will further
  enhance surplus power to use elsewhere.

38
Non Revenue Water-Future Vision
Advantages

• Would help in converting Gray/ Dark /Over
  exploited areas into Green belt.
• Public awareness would further accelerate the
  Conservation Concepts.
• Will boost the industrial growth too.
• Shall provide the strong water potential bank for
  future generation.

39

• THANK YOU
• soham water management utility services pvt.
  Ltd.
• First floor, gayatri complex, mahavirnagar,
  himatnagar, gujarat- 383001.
• Tel [phone] / 231358
• Mobile [phone]
• Mail dushyant.soham_at_gmail.com /
  info_at_sohamengg.in