Daniel 9

1
Daniel 9

• ?????
• Daniel

Seventy Sevens
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Daniel 920 - 27

• 20 Now while I was speaking and praying, and
  confessing my sin and the sin of my people
  Israel, and presenting my supplication before the
  Lord my God in behalf of the holy mountain of my
  God, 21 while I was still speaking in prayer,
  then the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the
  vision previously, came to me in my extreme
  weariness about the time of the evening offering.
  22 He gave me instruction and talked with me and
  said, O Daniel, I have now come forth to give
  you insight with understanding. 23 At the
  beginning of your supplications the command was
  issued, and I have come to tell you, for you are
  highly esteemed so give heed to the message and
  gain understanding of the vision.24 Seventy
  weeks have been decreed for your people and your
  holy city, to finish the transgression, to make
  an end of sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to
  bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up
  vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy
  place. (NASB95)

3
Daniel 920 -- 27

• 25 So you are to know and discern that from
  the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild
  Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince there will be
  seven weeks and sixty-two weeks it will be built
  again, with plaza and moat, even in times of
  distress. 26 Then after the sixty-two weeks the
  Messiah will be cut off and have nothing, and the
  people of the prince who is to come will destroy
  the city and the sanctuary. And its end will come
  with a flood even to the end there will be war
  desolations are determined. 27 And he will make
  a firm covenant with the many for one week, but
  in the middle of the week he will put a stop to
  sacrifice and grain offering and on the wing of
  abominations will come one who makes desolate,
  even until a complete destruction, one that is
  decreed, is poured out on the one who makes
  desolate. (NASB95)

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Exegetical quagmire

• Dr. Kenneth Barker, a Hebrew professor at DTS,
  thought that Daniel 924-27 had more problems for
  an interpreter to solve than any other passage in
  the entire Old Testament. He thought that there
  were 14 problems that an interpreter needed to
  solve in order to correctly understand the
  passage.
• 70 weeks
• Determined
• Your people
• Your holy city
• end of sin
• Atonement
• Everlasting righteousness
• Seal up vision
• Anoint the holy place
• Decree to rebuild Jerusalem
• Seven weeks and 62 weeks
• Times of distress
• Cut off
• People of the prince
• To the end desolations

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The gap theory (not from Genesis)

• Even C. F. Keil, the German scholar, cannot
  resist the clear implications of this prophecy
  when he states From the contents of these six
  statements it thus appears that the termination
  of the seventy weeks coincides with the end of
  the present course of the world.
• Post millennialist see the fulfillment in A.D 70
• It has been well observed by various writers that
  if the seventy weeks are to end with the death of
  Christ and the incoming destruction of Jerusalem,
  it is simply impossible-with all ingenuity
  expended in this direction by eminent men-to make
  out an accurate fulfillment of prophecy from the
  dates given, for the time usually adduced being
  either too long to fit with the crucifixion of
  Christ or too short to extend to the destruction
  of Jerusalem.-George N. H. Peters
• in harmony with numerous passages in the Old
  Testament that reveal the two advents of Christ
  (e.g. Gen. 4910-12 Deut. 1816 2 Sam. 713-16
  Isa. 91-7 111-2, 11 5213-5921 611-11, cf.
  Luke 416-19 722 Joel 228, cf. Acts 217
  Zeph. 213-320 Zech. 99-10 Mic. 52-15 Ps.
  27-8, cf. Acts 1333 Heb. 15 55 Ps.
  221-32 3414, 16 Mal. 31-3 45-6 5310-11).
  

but
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Isaiah 61

• 1 The spirit of the sovereign Lord is upon me,
  because the Lord has chosen me. He has
  commissioned me to encourage the poor, to help
  the brokenhearted, to decree the release of
  captives, and the freeing of prisoners, 2 to
  announce the year when the Lord will show his
  favor
• , the day when our God will seek vengeance, to
  console all who mourn, 3 to strengthen those who
  mourn in Zion, by giving them a turban, instead
  of ashes, oil symbolizing joy, instead of
  mourning, a garment symbolizing praise, instead
  of discouragement. They will be called godly
  oaks, trees planted by the Lord to reveal his
  splendor. 4 They will rebuild the perpetual ruins
  and restore the places that were desolate they
  will reestablish the ruined cities, the places
  that have been desolate since ancient times. 5
  Foreigners will take care of your sheep
  foreigners will work in your fields and
  vineyards. 6 You will be called, the Lords
  priests, servants of our God. You will enjoy the
  wealth of nations and boast about the riches you
  receive from them. 7 Instead of shame, you will
  get a double portion instead of humiliation,
  they will rejoice over the land they receive.
  Yes, they will possess a double portion in their
  land and experience lasting joy. 8 For I, the
  Lord, love justice and hate robbery and sin. I
  will repay them because of my faithfulness I
  will make a permanent covenant with them. 9 Their
  descendants will be known among the nations,
  their offspring among the peoples. All who see
  them will recognize that the Lord has blessed
  them. 10 I will greatly rejoice in the Lord I
  will be happy because of my God. For he clothes
  me in garments of deliverance he puts on me a
  robe symbolizing vindication. I look like a
  bridegroom when he wears a turban as a priest
  would I look like a bride when she puts on her
  jewelry. 11 For just as the ground produces its
  crops and a garden yields its produce, so the
  sovereign Lord will cause deliverance to grow,
  and give his people reason to praise him in the
  sight of all the nations. NET

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Luke 416-19

• Luke 416-19 (The NET Bible)16 Now Jesus came to
  Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and went
  into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his
  custom. He stood up to read, 17 and the scroll of
  the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled
  the scroll and found the place where it was
  written, 418 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me,
  because he has anointed me to proclaim good news
  to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release
  to the captives and the regaining of sight to the
  blind, to set free those who are oppressed, 419
  to proclaim the year of the Lords favor.

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Amillennial

• It may then be vindicated, for instance, by
  noting that the period from Jeremiahs prophecy
  (605 b.c.) to that of Cyruss accession (556) was
  49 years and the period from Jeremiahs prophecy
  to the death of the high priest Onias III (171)
  was 434 years so that the sum of these periods is
  483 years. Goldingay, John WBC

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The reason for the captivity

• To understand the gap before the 70th week we
  must understand the reason for the captivity
• The seventy-year captivity was due to the Jews
  having violated seventy sabbatical years over a
  490-year period and Daniel now saw seventy units
  of sevens decreed for another 490 years into
  Israels future.

11
Leviticus 258-12 (The NET Bible)

• 8 You must count off seven weeks of years,
  seven times seven years, and the days of the
  seven weeks of years will amount to forty-nine
  years. 9 You must sound loud horn blastsin the
  seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, on
  the Day of Atonementyou must sound the horn in
  your entire land. 10 So you must consecrate the
  fiftieth year, and you must proclaim a release in
  the land for all its inhabitants. That year will
  be your jubilee each one of you must return to
  his property and each one of you must return to
  his clan. 11 That fiftieth year will be your
  jubilee you must not sow the land, harvest its
  aftergrowth, or pick the grapes of its unpruned
  vines. 12 Because that year is a jubilee, it will
  be holy to youyou may eat its produce from the
  field.

12
Jeremiah 2511-12 and 2910-14

• Jeremiah 2511-12 (NASB95)11 This whole land
  will be a desolation and a horror, and these
  nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy
  years. 12 Then it will be when seventy years are
  completed I will punish the king of Babylon and
  that nation, declares the Lord, for their
  iniquity, and the land of the Chaldeans and I
  will make it an everlasting desolation.
• Jeremiah 2910-14 (NASB95)10 For thus says the
  Lord, When seventy years have been completed for
  Babylon, I will visit you and fulfill My good
  word to you, to bring you back to this place. 11
  For I know the plans that I have for you,
  declares the Lord, plans for welfare and not for
  calamity to give you a future and a hope. 12
  Then you will call upon Me and come and pray to
  Me, and I will listen to you. 13 You will seek
  Me and find Me when you search for Me with all
  your heart. 14 I will be found by you, declares
  the Lord, and I will restore your fortunes and
  will gather you from all the nations and from all
  the places where I have driven you, declares the
  Lord, and I will bring you back to the place
  from where I sent you into exile.

?????? paqad to pay attention to, observe. 1a2 to
attend to. 1a3 to seek, look about for. 1a4 to
seek in vain, need, miss, lack. 1a5 to visit. 1a6
to visit upon, punish. Strong, James. The
Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible
visit
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Leviticus 2623-24 (The NET Bible)Leviticus
2630-34 (NASB95)

• 23 If in spite of these things you do not allow
  yourselves to be disciplined and you walk in
  hostility against me, 24 I myself will also walk
  in hostility against you and strike you seven
  times on account of your sins.
• 30 I then will destroy your high places, and cut
  down your incense altars, and heap your remains
  on the remains of your idols, for My soul shall
  abhor you. 31 I will lay waste your cities as
  well and will make your sanctuaries desolate, and
  I will not smell your soothing aromas. 32 I will
  make the land desolate so that your enemies who
  settle in it will be appalled over it. 33 You,
  however, I will scatter among the nations and
  will draw out a sword after you, as your land
  becomes desolate and your cities become waste. 34
  Then the land will enjoy its Sabbaths all the
  days of the desolation, while you are in your
  enemies land then the land will rest and enjoy
  its Sabbaths.

seven
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The sabbatical year

• Leviticus 254-8
• Every seventh year
• And every fiftieth year a Jubilee
• After Moses the Israelites entered the land in
  1400 B.C.
• The deportation out of the land was in 586 B.C.
• Israel occupied the land 814 years
• 116 Sabbaths could have been observed
• And 16 Jubilee years

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Pentecost

• Deut 1610,16
• Uses the same word as Daniel 924
• Refers to the feast of Pentecost
• Christ was crucified on Passover
• He died on the first day of the feast of
  unleavened bread
• He rose on the feast of first fruits
• And 49 days after the feast of unleavened bread
  the spirit fell on the disciples at Pentecost

16
Daniel 924

• Determined -- occurs only here in the Hebrew
  Bible, and from Jewish targums means to cut or
  mark out
• Your people the unique emphasis of am lies in
  its reference to a group of people as viewed by
  one of themselves as lo-ami not my people Hos
  223. TWOT
• Your holy city can only mean Jerusalem
• End of sin -- ??????? pesha /pehshah/ a
  stronger word than sin, ????????, ???????
  chattaah /khattawaw/, which follows and
  would relate to the sabbatical years.
• Atonement --    ?????? kâphar, kaw-far to
  cover fig. to expiate or condone, to placate or
  cancel
• Everlasting righteousness justice or what is
  right ?????? ôwlâm, o-lawm forever,
  perpetuity
• Seal up vision as a kings seal of authority,
  not like Dan 122, the authenticating work of
  Christ
• Anoint the holy place the restoration of the
  holy of holies, the tabernacle or temple

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To decree one, two, three (Dan 925)

• 1) the decree of Cyrus (Ezra 12-4 63-5),
  issued in 537 b.c.
• 2) the decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 711-26) given
  in 458 b.c.
• 3) a second decree from Artaxerxes (Neh. 25-8,
  17, 18) given in 444 b.c., at the time of
  Nehemiahs return to Jerusalem
• In regards to the 458 B.C. date Kenneth Gentry
  states This interpretation is quite widely
  agreed upon by conservative scholars, being
  virtually universal among Christian
  exegetes-excluding dispensationalists.
• Only decree three speaks specifically of
  Jerusalem. It is clear that Nehemiah received a
  decree to rebuild and restore Jerusalem from
  King Artaxerxes. The passage says, let letters
  be given me . . . and a letter to Asaph . . .
  (Neh. 27-8). These letters were permission being
  given by King Artaxerxes to Nehemiah for
  permission and authority to go back to Jerusalem
  and rebuild it.
• The entire book of Nehemiah is proof that this
  godly governor built Jerusalem and its streets
  and walls, and this, as this prophecy says, in
  troublous times.

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What do all these words mean?

• Seven weeks and 62 weeks and though separated
  follow in succession, while the last week is
  separated by ????????? and after.
• Times of distress certainly describes the whole
  book of Nehemiah
• Cut off ?????? karath /kawrath/ cut the
  covenant or kill or cut off a body part, how
  could it be anything else other than Christ?
• People of the prince not the Antichrist himself
  but the people from where he would come
• To the end desolations the end follows the
  cutting off for the Messiah, Charles Feinberg
  agrees The final words of verse 26 sum up the
  history of Israel since a.d. 70 desolations are
  determined. Surely the determined wars and
  desolations have come upon them (cf. Luke 2124).
  Such has been the lot of Israel and the city of
  Jerusalem, and such will be the portion, until
  the time of the Gentiles have been fulfilled.
  The fact Israel still suffers today means we have
  not reached the end.

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Postmillennial comparison

• The cutting off of the Messiah (Dan. 926) is a
  very inappropriate way to refer to the descent of
  the Holy Spirit upon Jesus at the commencement of
  His ministry.
• The date for the beginning of Jesus ministry is
  not a.d. 26 or 27 but a.d. 29.
• To what does Daniel refer in 927 when he states
  he is confirming a covenant? If it refers to
  Christ, then what covenant was it and how did He
  break it?
• His ministry did not last seven years,
• He did not set up the abomination that causes
  desolation (Matt. 2415).
• To say that the middle of the seventieth week
  refers to Christs crucifixion in a.d. 30 is
  untenable on two grounds
• (1) the sacrifices did not cease at Christs
  crucifixion, and
• (2) though the date of a.d. 30 is possible the
  a.d. 33 date is far more plausible.

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The timing is off

• As the result of the Jews rejection of Jesus,
  they would lose their inheritance. This would not
  occur for another forty years (Matt. 2133-46
  221-14). Similarly, Jesus pronounced the temple
  desolate when He walked out of it even though
  its destruction did not come for another forty
  year (2338). In principle, it was a done deal
  when He turned His back on the temple. It is no
  wonder that Jesus described the temple as your
  house (2338). The temples destruction was a
  consequence, a result, of the apostate Jews
  rejection of Jesus (see Isa. 1022 Lam. 28
  Luke 2222 Matt 27.25).

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Daniels Seventy Weeks?
Mar 30, A.D. 33 Nissan 10, A.D. 33
CHURCH 70th week,
Mar 5, 444 B.C. Nisan 1, Artexerxis 20th year
AGE Revelation
Pentecost

• 697360 173,880 days/365.24 476.07 yrs
• .07365.24 25.5 days thus 476yr 25.5days in
  solar yrs
• 476 - 444 33 1 0 (no year between 1BC
  1 AD)
• Add 25 days and Mar 5 becomes Mar 30, the day of
  the triumphal entry into Jerusalem on Monday

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Sir Robert Anderson

• Sir Robert Anderson, a British Brethren,
  developed a chronology that used a 360-day year,
  that he called a prophetic year. Anderson bases
  this upon the Jewish calendar and the clear
  implication that the prophetic timetable of
  Daniel was derived from it as well (i.e., 42
  months 1260 days). Anderson began the 483-year
  countdown with Artaxerxes decree that he said
  was March 14, 445 b.c. (Nisan 1, 445 b.c.) and it
  culminates in Christs triumphal entry into
  Jerusalem on April 6, a.d. 32 (Nisan 10, a.d.
  32).
• His errors revolves around the initial timing and
  calendar of Artaxerxes

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Amillennial view from the fifth century and on

• Jerome the guy learning Hebrew in Jerusalem with
  a skull on his desk
• But the saints shall never possess an earthly
  kingdom, declares Jerome, but only a heavenly.
  Away, then, with the fable about a millennium!
• Augustine was a big proponent of the amillennial
  view
• Keil and Leupold (more recent amillennials)
  recognize the prince as the final Antichrist,
  because hes already selected for prophecy in
  direct language in chapter 7 as the little
  horn, and in type in chapter 8

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Not a new thing

• Irenaeus one of the earliest church fathers
  supported postponement of the 70th week
• Hippolytus gives a very detailed breakdown of the
  70th week
• Julius Africanus reported in Eusebius is credited
  with first recognizing the significance of
  Daniels prophecy and the prediction of the
  coming Messiah, and also accepted the
  postponement of the 70th week

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