?a????d?a t?? a??a??t?ta? p?? pa????ta? s?

1
?a????d?a t?? a??a??t?ta? p?? pa????ta? s?µe?a

• ?a? ?µ?? ???e? p????? a??a??e???????? pa????d???
  ß??s???ta? se pa????d?a p?? pa????µe s?µe?a.
• ??µe ?a ta a?a?a?????µe.

2
????a

• ? ???st? ?????a ? ??eµ?st?a
• ?a????a?? pa????d? p?? st?? a??a?a ????da t?
  s??a?t??µe µe t?? ???µas?a a???a ? se???, st?
  ?????t?? ?? a???a ??eµ?st?a, e?? s?µe?a e??a?
  ???st? ?? ?????a.
• ?a???ta? ?????? ap? ????ts?a ?a? µ???? a????a.
  ?atas?e?a??ta? µe µ??? ? p???ap?? s????? t??
  ?p???? ta d?? ???a d????ta? se ??a ?e?? ??ad?
  d??t??? ? se ??p??a ??????t?a d???, e?te ap? t?
  ?p?????? t?? p??ta? ? ap? ?p?? ?ta? d??at?,
  s??µat????ta? ?ts? ??a U.

3
????a

• S?????? st? s?µe?? p?? ?a??ta? t? pa?d?
  t?p??et??sa? ???? ???? ap? t? s????? ??a pa??
  ?fasµa ?ste ?a d?µ??????se? ??a p???e??? ????sµa.
  St?? pa?a??a?? t?? a???a? p?? ????????µe ??
  p?ta????, t?? p???e??? µ??f? ?a??sµat??, ??e?
  a?t??atast?se? µ?a sa??da ?ept? ?a? µa????,
  ?at?????a ?a? ?e?? p??sa?µ?sµ??? p??? st? s?????.
• ? sa??da a?t? ???µa??ta? p?ta????, e? ?? ?a? ?
  ???µas?a a?t?? t?? t?p?? a???a?, ???e? de t?
  pa????d? p??? p?? e?????st?, a??? d??e? ?a? t??
  d??at?t?ta ?a ???s?µ?p????e? ?a? ?? ??µ?ast???
  ???a??.
• ?? pa????d? a?t? ?p????pte? ?a? eµpe????e?
  ??t??e? ???s?e?t???? a???????e? ?a? ap? t???
  µ????? p?? t? s???de???? d?ap?st????µe ?t? ??? ?
  ?st???a t?? e??a? ta?t?sµ??? µe t? d????s?a??
  ?at?e?a ?a? t?? ap?d??? t?? e? µ????? t??
  ????a???.

4
?????t??da

• sta ?e?te?a ?????a t? pa????ta? µe t?? ???µas?a
  t? ?????t?. ?a?a??a?? t?? pa????d??? e??a? ta
  s?µe????  st?at??t???a a?????ta, aµ???ta,
  a???asta  ?a? ta a?a?µat???a.
• St?? a????t??da, ?? pa??te? µ???? d??e? t?
  s????µa p??pe? ?a µe????? a????t?? se ?p??a st?s?
  ß??s???ta?. ??e???? p?? ?a ??????e? ß?a??e? ap?
  t? pa????d?

5
?µp????a

• ??????t?, s?µe?a t? s??a?t?µe µe t? ?d?? ???µa
  ?a? sa? s??aß???a.
• ?a pa?d?? ???????ta? se d?? ?µ?de? . ? ???e ?µ?da
  ????e? ??a d??t?? ? µ?a ?????a??a µ??a . S??p??
  t?? pa????d??? e??a? ?a p??state?e? ? ???e ?µ?da
  t?? µ??a t?? .?a pa?d?? ap?fas????? ? ß?????
  ????? , ??a t? p??a ?µ?da ?a ?e????se? p??t? .
  ??a ap? ta pa?d?? t?? ?µ?da? ß?a??e? st? ????
  a??µesa ap? t?? µ??e? ( s?????? st?? a??? pa?????
  p?? ad??at?? pa??te?) ?a? pa??????a ß?a??e? ?a?
  ap? t?? ???? ?µ?da ??a pa?d? . S??a?t????ta? ?a?
  p??spa???? ?a a??????? ? ??a? t?? ????. ?p????
  p????ße? ?a ?t?p?se? t?? ???? , t?? a??µa??t??e?
  ?a? t?? ?d??e? st? µ??a t?? . ?ste?a ß?a??e? ??a
  pa?d? ap? t? de?te?? ?µ?da ?a? pa??????a ???? ??a
  ap? t?? p??t? . ?a????? µe t?? ?d?? t??p? µ????
  ?a ft?s??? st?? te?e?ta?? pa??t? ? te?e?ta??? p??
  µ??e? p??spa?e? ?a p??state?se? t? µ??a . ?p? t??
  ???? ?µ?da µp????? ?a t?? ep?te???? d?? a?t?pa???
  , ??? pe??ss?te??? . ?p??e? ?a p??spa??se? ?a
  e?e??e??se? t??? a??µa??t??? s?µpa??te? t?? ??a
  ?a t?? ß????s??? , µe ??a ?????µa . ??te a?t??
  f??????? ?a???? aµp????a ?a? ß?a??? ?a? ?a???a
  de? t? ???

6
?s????asµ??

• pa????d? ?s????p?a?,  s?µe?a t? ß??s???µe
  ?? as?? ?a? µe pa?a??a???, st?? t??p? pa???µat??,
  sa? ???tsa??????, p????µ?, ???ts??a???e???,
  ??t???, ???ts?-???ts?.

7
?s????asµ??

• ?a???ta? ?at? ????? ???? st?? ????t?? t??
  ?????s?? ?a pa?d?? a??ßa??a? µe t? ??a
• p?d? se ??a f??s??µ??? as?? a?e?µµ??? µe ??d? ?a?
  t? ?a???a p??spa???se ?a ?s????p?se?. ???
  pe??ss?te?e? f???? ?pefte ??t?, ?e????? p??
  d?as??da?e ta ???a pa?d??. ?? pa????d? a?t?
  pa??eta? a??µa st?? µ??e? µa? st?? ?pe???.

8
?st?a?a??sµ??

• t??e?? pa????d?, (????a), pa????ta? µe
  pess???-??ß??? (????a) ?a? ??tta
  (ast?a??????-??ts?a) .st??? ?e?te???? ???????
  ????µe ??p??e? pa?a??a??? st?? t??p? pa???µat??,
  ???s?µ?p????ta? ?µ?? ta ??ts?a, a??? ?a?
  aµ??da?a, p??t?a?? ?a??d?a (µ???? st? µ??e???)
  ?a? µeta????? ??µ?sµata.
• ?? ast???a??? ?ta? ta a?t??e?µe?a µe ta ?p??a
  pa????ta? t? pa????d? ast?a?a??sµ??, d??f??a
  pa????d?a de???t?ta?, t??e?? pa????d?a, a???
  ???s?µe?a? ?a? ?? µ?s?? p??ß?e??? t?? µ?????t??
  ?a? µa?t???? ???sµ??.
• ?? a??a??? ?????e? ta ?e????sa? ep?s?? ?a?
  ap?t??pa??? ?a? p????? f???? ap?te???sa? ??µµ?t?a
  pe??de?a??? µa?? µe ???a p??f??a?t??? a?t??e?µe?a
  (amuletum). S?µe?a t??? ast?a?????? t???
  ????????µe µe t?? ???µas?a ??ts?a, p?? p?????eta?
  ap? t?? ß??a?t??? ???????a. ???a? ????st? p?te
  ??a?e ??a p??t? f??? t?? eµf???s? t?? ?
  ast?a?a??sµ?? ?a?, f?s???, ?? ast???a???.

9
?st?a?a??sµ??

• St?? e??????? ??aµµate?a, p??t??, ? p??t? a?af???
  ??a t??? ast?a?????? ???eta? ap? t?? ?µ???. ??
  ast???a??? ?ta? ??a ap? ta p?? a?ap?µ??a
  pa????d?a t?? pa?d???. ???? µet?fe?a? µ?sa se ??a
  µ???? ?a?a???? ??a pa?d??? pa????d?a ? se e?d???
  sa??????? ap? d??µa ? ?fasµa p?? ?e??ta?
  f??µ?s???. ?? ast???a??? ?ta? ? f?s???? (ap? ?st?
  ??da? ? a????? ? a?e??da? ? a??µa ?? e?af???) ?
  ap?µ?µ?se?? ap? ?a???, p???, sµ??t?, ??a??,
  a??t?, a??µa ?a? ap? ???s? ? as?µ?.
• ?a? ??a ta st???e?a p?? ?p??????, de? e?µaste
  ap???t?? ß?ßa??? ??a t? p?? a???ß?? pa????ta?
  a?t? t? pa????d?. ?p? t?? t?sse??? p?e???? t??
  ast?a????? ?? d?? e??a? ste??? ?a? ?? d??
  p?at???. ?? d?? p?at??? ???µ????ta? a?????a µe t?
  s??µa t???, ? µ?a p?a??? (e?af??? ???t?), ?a? ?
  ???? ?pt??? (e?af??? ?????). ?? d?? ste???
  p?e???? ????? µ???? d?af??? ? ???? e?????µ???
  ???µa??ta? t? ????, ? de p?esµ??? t? ????.
  S?µas?a st? pa????d? e??e ? p?e??? µe t?? ?p??a ?
  ast???a??? ?????e t? ?daf?? ?a? ???, ?p?? s?µe?a,
  ? p?e??? µe t?? ?p??a ß??p??µe t? ??ts?.

10
???pt??da ? ap?d?d?as???da ? µ???da

• S?µe???? ???ft?
• ?? ???µa t?? pa????d??? p?????eta? ap? t? f??s?
  s???st?sµ?? st? d?µ?t??. ???t? f??? eµfa???eta?
  sta 200 p.? se ??a ?e?µe?? t?? ??????? ????de???.

11
????µa

• ?? s?µe???? a?t?????t???
• ?pa???a? d??f??a ?????, d?µ???????sa? aµa????a
  ?a? µet?fe?a? ta ???a pa?d??.

12
????µa

• S???? ?ta? ??a p????? a?????? p??? se ??de?, p??
  t? ?se??a? se ??? t? sp?t?
• ?? pa????d? ?µ?? p?? ?a?ta???sa? ??a ta a????a
  ?ta? ??a aµa???? µe ??de?. S?????? t? ?se??a?
  ta a?ap?µ??a t??? s????? ?? ?ta? a?t? ????????ta?
  t? ?se??a? ta  pa?d?? µ??a t???.

13
?as????da

• ?µ??? µe t? ???fte? ?a? ast???µ??

????aß?sµ??

• ?? ???st? µp??

14
??e???st??da

• t? s?µe???? t??ß??µa t?? s???????, t? t?aß??t?

?a????d? a?ta????sµ?? µe s????? ? ???? µ??a??sµ?,
sta ???a t?? ?p???? ß??s???ta? a?t?pa?a ?t?µa ?
?µ?de? p?? p??spa????, t?aß??ta? t? s????? ? t?
µ??a??sµ?, ?a pa?as????? t?? a?t?pa?? p??? t?
µ???? t???
15
??????as?a

• pa????d? µe ?????, t????, t? s?µe???? stef???, t?
  ts????.
• ? ??t????? pe?????fe? t?? pa?d?? a?t?
  s?µe?????ta? ?t? ? t????? t?? ??????as?a?
  ?ta? ???????, e??e ???? µ???? t? st???? a?t?? p??
  s?µµete??a? ?a? p?? t?? ?d????sa? µe µ?a
  µeta????? ??ßd? p?? ?fe?e ?????? ?aß? ?a???µe??
  e?at??.
• ?d?a?te?a ?µ?? ?? a??a??? ?????e?, ?at? t??
  ??t????, p??t?µ??sa? t?? t???? p?? ?fe?e ???????
  pa?a?e?µe????. ?? ?????? a?t?? ?ta?
  µ????? µeta?????? p?? pe???????ta? e?e??e?a ????
  ap? t? stef??? t?? t????? p?? ?ta? µeta?????? ?
  ???????. ?at? t? d?ad??µ? de t?? t?????
  t??ß?µe??? ?? ?????? a?t?? p???a???sa? ??t???
  ????ß?. ?at? t? ??????as?a ? pa??t?? de? ?d????se
  t?? t???? se e??e?a d?ad??µ? a??? se µa?a?d????.
  G?a t? s??p? a?t? ?a? ? a????? ???s?µ?p????µe???
  e???? e?at??a? a?t??atast????e µe ???t? µeta?????
  ?a? µ???sta d?p?? ???t? p???e?µ???? ? pa??t?? ?a
  ?a?????e? p??sf???te?a t?? ta??t?ta ?a? t?
  d?e????s? t?? t?????.
• ?a?ast?se?? t?? ??????as?a? f????ta? se
  p????? a??e??? ap? ta ?p??a ?a? s?µpe?a??eta? ?t?
  ? pa?d?? a?t? ?ta? p??? p??sf???? t?s? se µ????
  pa?d?? ?s? ?a? se ?????. St?? pa?ast?se?? a?t??
  f????ta? s?????ste?a ?ea?? µ????? p??s?pa ?p??
  ? Ga??µ?d??, ?ea??? ?e?t?te?, ??µfe? a??µ? ?a?
  ? ????.

16
????? ? st??µß??, st??ß????, ??µß??, ß?µß??a?

• ? ???st? sß???a
• ? sß???a e??a? pa????d? ßas?sµ??? st? fa???µe??
  t?? ????s??p???? µet?pt?s??. ????e?ta? ??a
  ??a sf??d??? p?? pe??st??feta? ???? ap?
  ??a? ????a s?µµet??a? t?? ?a? a???µp? st? ??t?
  µ???? t?? s?ed?? s?µe?a?? se ep?f??e?a, ?p?? ?a
  µp????se ?a e??a? ? ep?f??e?a e??? t?ape???? . ?
  sß???a ?e?t????e? µe t?? t??p? p?? ????????µe,
  µ?sa se ßa??t??? ped?? p?? ??e? µ??f? ?p?? a?t?
  st?? ep?f??e?a t?? G??. ? ????a? pe??st??f?? de?
  e??a? e?te??? ?ata????f?? ?a? d?a???fe? ???? p??
  ?????a a????e? ?a? st? t???? ? sß???a p?fte?
  µ???? a???µp?se? st?? ep?f??e?a p?? t? st????e?.
  ? ????s? a?t? p?? ??at? t? sß???a ????a ?a? de?
  p?fte?, e?? fa??eta? ?a ????e?, ???µ??eta?
  ????s??p??? µet?pt?s?. ?? ? sß???a st????eta?
  p??? st? µ?t? µ?a? ?a?f?tsa?, µp??e? ?a
  s??e??se? ?a e?te?e? t? µet?pt?s? t?? ????a
  pe??st??f?? t?? a??µ? ?a? e?te??? ??????t?a,
  d??ad? ? ????a? ?a d?a???fe? p???? ????? a?t?
  ????? ?a? ? sß???a fa??eta? ?a ???µeta?, ?µ?? de?
  p?fte?.

17
??ta????

• ? t?aµp??a µe d??f??e? ???µas?e? s?µe?a t??µpa,
  ?????a?d??a, ?ta?t?a?aß?tsa

18
?e?t????a

• ta  pe?t?ß??a, ep?s??  ???µ??eta? pet??d?a,
  pe?tap?t??a, pe?te?????a, pe?te?????a, sta
  ß??a?t??? ?????a t? ???µa?a? ?a?a??t??a ?
  ?a???a????a

19
?e?t????a
20
S??????

• ?? s???????

21
Sfa??a

• ?  µp??a, t? t?p?.
• ?p?? ?a? s?µe?a pa????ta? p???? pa????d?a µe t??
  µp??a. ??p??a p?? ta ???µa?a? ??????a sfa??a ?a?
  ?ta? t? p?ta?µa t?? st?? a??a, ap???a??? p?? ?ta?
  t? ?t?p?µa t?? st?? t???? ? st? ?daf??, ep?s??
  ????? t??p?? pa???µat?? ?ta? t? ?t?p?µa t?? µe
  ??p??? a?t??e?µe?? (???? ? ?a??ta),  t? ?a
  s?µad??e? ??t? µ? a?t?? ? ?a t?? ???e? µ?sa s?
  ??a a??e?? ? µ?a t??pa . ??e? a?t?? ?? ???se??
  t?? µp??a? t?? ß??s???µe se p???? s?µe????
  pa????d?a.

22
S?????f????da

• ?? µa?t?????
• pa??eta? t? ?d?? ?a? s?µe?a a????e? ???µas?a
  ,?p?? µa?t?????, ?????, ?????d?tsa, pet????a,
  ?t?p?t?, ßa?et?, ßa?µ??

23
?a??? µ??a ? ???af??da

• ? t?f??µ??a ???st? pa????d? ?a? s?µe?a. ??
  s??a?t?µe sa? t?f??p????, t?f??pa?????a,
  t?f??p???a, t?f???, ??????pa?????a,
  ???sta?-p?tsa, µp??f??
• s?µe???? t?f??µ??a ?de?a? µe ??a µa?t??? ta
  µ?t?a e??? pa?d??? ?a? a?t? ??e?e ??????? µ??a
  ?a ??????s?? t?te ?? ????? apa?t??sa? ?a
  ??????se?? µa de? ?a t?? p??se??, ?a? t??
  ?t?p??sa? µe t?? ???e? t??? µ???? ?a p??se? ??a
  pa?d?. ?? ?p?a?e ??p???, p??spa???se ?a t?
  a?a?????se? ?a?, a? t? ?at?????e, e?e??? ?pa???e
  t? ??s? t??.

24
?a??? µ??a ? ???af??da
25
??t???da

• ? ??t?a
• ??a? pa??t?? ?a??ta? ??t? ?a? pa??sta?e t? ??t?a.
  ??a? ????? pa??t??, st??????ta? t? a??ste?? t??
  ???? p??? st?? ?a??sµ???, ?t?e?e ????-???? sa?
  f??a?a?. ?a??????a, ?? ????? pa??te? p??spa???sa?
  ?a a??????? t? ??t?a, ????? ?µ?? ?a ?t?p?????
  ap? t? f??a?a. ?? pa????d? a?t? pa??eta? st??
  µ??e? µa? st? ??????? ?a? t? ??sß?.

26
??ata??

• ???d????st?a
• ?? p??t? pa????d? p?? ?p?a?a? sta ????a t??? ta
  ß??f? st?? a??a??t?ta ?ta? ? p?ata?? (p?ata??
  d?µ?????? ??? ??????ta?), ? ???d????st?a, p??
  f??eta? ?a ep????se ? pat??a? t?? µa??µat????
  µ??a????? ????ta? ap? t?? ???a?ta t?? 4? a?.
  p.?. ?a? de??µa t?? e?t??eta? st? ???se??
  ????ad???? ??????. Ft?a?µ??? ap? p??? ? µ?ta???
  ?a? ?eµ?sµ??? µe pet?ad???a ? sp?????, ??? µ???
  d?as??da?e ta ??p?a, a???, s?µf??a µe t??
  d??as?e? t?? ep????, ap?µ?????e ?a? ta ?a??
  p?e?µata.

27
??a????a

• ?????a
• ??a????a / ?e???spast?
• ? ?????a e??a? ap? ta p???? d?a??????? ?a? p??
  d?aded?µ??a se ????? t??? p???t?sµ??? pa????d?a.
  ? a??a?a ????da e??e ?aµp?? pa??d?s? st??
  ?????e?, t?? pa???s?a t?? ?p???? a????e???µe
  ad????pa se ??e? t?? ?st?????? pe???d???, ?p??
  ??a?a? t?? eµf???s? t??? d??f??a e?d? ap? ?????e?
  µe p?????e? ???µas?e? e?d??a, p?a????e?,
  ??µfe?, ???e?, ??????sµ?a ? ???????a, d????a,
  ?????? ?a? ?e???spasta.
• ? eµf???s? t?? ???eta? sta ß??? t?? ??????.
  ?????? e?e??e ??s? ???s?e?t???? e?d????, a??? µe
  t? p??asµa t?? ????et??? e?e??????e se pa?d???
  (????ts?st???) pa????d?. ?e???spasta ap??a???sa?
  t?? a????t?? ?????e? (t?? ??e?a? ep?s?? ?a?
  ?e???spasta a???µata) ?? ?p??e? ????? ?d?a?te??
  e?d?af???? ??a d?? ?????? epe?d? a?t? ? µ??f?
  ?????a? ?a????se t?? e?????? t?? ap? e?d???
  (e?d????) se pa?d??? pa????d? a??? ?a? epe?d?
  ?ta? ? p??d??µ?? ta µ??a????? ? a?t?µat??
  ?????a?, p?? ? pa???s?a t?? ?ta? ?d? ???st? t?s?
  ap? t?? µ???????a ?s? ?a? ap? t?? ep?st?µ?.

28
??a????a
?????e? ???????a??? p?a????e?, 5?? a?.
p.?. ???d???, ??eta???? ???se?? (F?t? ?. ?.
?????)
29
??ß?????af?a- ???t????af?a

• Anne Pearson,  ? ???a?a ????da,  ??d?se?? ?st???
  ?e?as????,
• ??? F??, ? ?a??µe???? ??? st?? ???a?a ????da.
• Haydn Middleton,  ?? ???a??e? st?? ???a?a ????da,
  e?d?se?? S??????S.
• ??p? ?a????,  ?µad??? pa????d?a t?? pa?d??? µa?,
  e?d?se?? Gutenberg.
• ? ???a?a ???? ??te????????, ???e? ?t?t?,
  ?at????,2001
• http//12dim-volou.mag.sch.gr/history.htm
• http//www.ancientgreektoys.gr
• http//www.britannica.com