Chapter 17, Fossil Fuels and the Environment, in D.B. Botkin and E.A. Keller, 2003, Environmental Science

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• Chapter 17, Fossil Fuels and the Environment, in
  D.B. Botkin and E.A. Keller, 2003, Environmental
  Science Earth as a Living Planet, 4th edition,
  John Wiley

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• ?????????????(??????????)?
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• ????????????90!

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• ???? (Depositional Basins)???
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• ?????????? (Source Rocks)?(??????500????,?????)?
• ??????,??????????,???????(Reservoir Rocks)??

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• ???? (Primary Production)25
• ???? (Enhanced Oil Recovery)??????????(???????)??
  ??????60?

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• ????????????50?
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??? (Natural Gas)

• ????? (CH4)?,????????
• ????????140 x 1012 m3 ?
• ????????,???70??
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Methane Hydrates

• ?????1000 ?????
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• ???????(?????)http//210.69.81.66/gashydrate/bsr/
  subpages/Taiwan_SW/bgintro2.htm

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• ???????????,??? Fractional Distillation?
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• ??????,??2001????????????
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  ????????????,?????????????,??????????1500
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  ????,???????????????,??????????????????,??????????
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• ????1989 ? 3 ? 24 ? 1204
• ???????.?????(The Exxon Valdez)??
• ????????????????????????????,???????????????,???
  ???????

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• ???267,000 ?,? 1,100 ??????,????????????????????(
  The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill)?

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• ??????????,???42000 ???,????????????? ? 1300
  ??????,????25000?????

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• ?????????????????,????????????? (Global Warming)?

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• ???? (Global Warming)????0.5C?
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? (Coal)

• ?????? 1,000 x 109 ??
• ?????? 250??

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1. Anthracite (30-34 M-joules/kg)
2. Bituminous coal (23-34)
3. Subbituminuous coal (16-23)
4. Lignite (13-16)

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• ??????(Strip Mining)????? (Underground Mining)
• ?????????????????? (Reclamation)
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