Cuba

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Cuba

• Matt Pallini
• Emily Krane
• Kara Metzger
• Chris Alvarez
• Warren Williams

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Introduction

• Largest island in the Caribbean
• Ciboney tribe first to inhabit Cuba
• Later driven out by Spanish
• Columbus landed in Cuba in 1492
• First settled in 1511 by his son, Diego

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History

• Havana was located to protect Spanish fleets
• Cuba was used to
• Raise cattle
• Grow sugarcane
• Grow tobacco
• Used African slaves were used to work in the
  fields

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Independence

• Last Spanish colony to gain Independence
• Spanish American War of 1898
• Series of Military Coups and revolts
• Castro takes power in 1959

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Background of Cubas Population

• Large increase in population
• Colonization
• Expansion of Commerce
• Agricultural Advancements
• Slavery Abolished in 1886
• Cuba considered one of the most racist countries
  in the Americas
• New government in 1959 focused on improving
  social and racial issues

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Population in Cuba

• Total 11,346,670
• Havana 2,176,000
• Santiago de Cuba 440,100
• Camaguey 294,000

• Mulatto 51
• White 37
• Black 11
• Chinese 1

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Immigration Issues

• Large increase in immigration from Cuba to the US
• 1910 15,133
• 1959 124,000
• Present 2 million
• Reasons for increase
• Close proximity
• Economic instability
• Revolutionary governmental control
• Economic opportunities

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Work and Economy
Socialist government since 1959 Economy is run
almost solely on state ownership Cuban Government
states 75 of labor force is employed by the
state More accurate figure is 93 of labor force
is employed by the state with the remaining 7
belonging to those who are self-employed Service
industry makes up 68 of 2005s GDP Agriculture
consists of 6 Industry sector makes up 25
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Historical Economy Sugar was Cubas chief
export Half of the land was used for
cultivation of the crop Provided sugar
for the Soviet Union in return for fuel at
below market price From 1989-1995 with the
decline of the Soviet Union sugar production
fell by nearly 5 million tons 2002 the Cuban
Government closed half of the sugar mills
forcing 100,000 workers to lose their jobs
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Current Economy Tourism 1.9 million tourist
visited the island in 2003 generating a revenue
of 2.1 billion Most tourists are Canadians and
people from the European Union Speculated that a
large number of US citizens travel to Cuba
illegally Tourism has helped Cubas economy and
provided jobs
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Money US money is very coveted in Cuba The
tourism sector helps this Not unusual to see
doctors or well educated people working in
tourism rather than the public sector just for
the US monetary tips Remittances Families send
from 600 million to 1 billion dollars to
relatives in Cuba annually Cuban Government has
set up a system to benefit from the dollars by
setting up state-run dollar stores Stores sell
food and clothing at a price marked above 200
face value
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Embargo Before the revolution in 1959 the US was
Cubas largest trading partner US imposed an
economic embargo on Cuba in 1962 US had hopes
that the embargo would force Cuba into capitalism
and democracy Restricts importing and exporting
items between Cuba and the US US companies can
also not sell something to an international
company that is going to trade that same item
with Cuba Exception to the embargo allows food,
clothing, and medicines to be legally exported to
Cuba
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Foreign Investment Defaulted on debt in
1986 Still cant receive credit from many
financial institutions High interest rates for
short-term loans as high as 22 Extremely costly
for the government to receive foreign investment
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Cuban Food

• The Cuban Cuisine is a fusion of Spanish
  Caribbean cuisines.  Cuban recipes share spices
  and techniques from Spanish cooking, and with
  some Caribbean influence in spice and flavor. The
  traditional Cuban meal would not be served in
  courses rather all food items are served at the
  same time.  The most popular foods consist of
  plantains, black beans and rice, pork with onions
  and topical fruits.

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Cuban Snacks

• A very popular snack in Cuba is called un
  tamal. These are made with freshly ground corn
  and meat, (pieces of ham or pork) is mixed into
  the dough. Some other famous snacks are
  chicharrones, masitas de puerco frita,
  mariquitas, yuca chips, and raspadura.

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Arroz con Frijoles Negros, Masa de Puerco Fritas
y Tostones. Tamal
Delicious Mariquitas (plantain chips) served with
two great sauces traditional garlic/oil and a
garlic ranch.
CUBAN SANDWICH
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Flan Imagine the richest custard ever, so rich
you can cut it with a knife. Flan is rich with
eggs. It is Flan can be served warm or cold, but
it's important to pour plenty of the syrup over
the top. For a real treat, order it con coco
rallado (with sweetened shredded coconut). Yum!

• Materva is a very interesting soda. It is made
  from an herb, Mate

Jupiña Jupiña (hoo-peen-yah) is pineapple soda
pop. Its name is a contraction of "Jugo de Piña "
or pineapple juice. It has to be one of the
sweetest sodas in the world. Its sweetness and
intense pineapple flavor make it a great choice
when eating something salty or fatty.
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Mojito The Mojito was born in Cuba in this
century's teen years. Soon popular with Havana's
hipsters, the Mojito lifted fresh mint out of its
bit part as just a cocktail garnish. A simple
blend of sugar, mint leaves, lime juice, rum,
ice, and soda water (strictly in that order), a
Mojito is a tall glass sparkling with bubbles and
greenery, garnished with a sprig of mint on top.
Cuban Cigars
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COMMUNICATING WITH CUBANS

• Cubans speak rapidly and may not pronounce the
  final consonants of certain words. This makes it
  difficult for people who are learning Spanish to
  understand them easily. There are formal and
  informal ways of speaking Spanish. With family
  and close friends, Cubans speak informally. When
  meeting someone for the first time, or when
  speaking to elderly people, Cubans speak in a
  more formal way as a sign of respect.
• In Cuba, women are usually addressed as señora
  and men as señor. However, in Cuba, women may be
  addressed as compañera and men as compañero,
  which means "comrade." It is common to shake
  hands when meeting someone and when saying
  goodbye. Men commonly exchange a hug (un abrazo)
  as a sign of affection. It is also common for men
  and women to greet friends and family with a hug
  and a kiss on the cheek

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• All Cubans speak Spanish, which is the official
  language. Many Cubans are also familiar with
  English, particularly those who work in resorts
  and tourist areas.
•  The pronunciation of certain letters in Spanish
  is different from that in English. For example,
  the letter "j" is pronounced like "h" in "hat."
  The double "ll" is pronounced like the "y" in
  "youth." The accents in written Spanish indicate
  which syllable should be emphasized. Many Taino
  words have entered the language, such as tabaco
  (tobacco) and canoa (canoe).
• Their names are composed of three parts first
  (given) name, father's surname, and mother's
  maiden name for example, Jose Garcia Fernandez
  Cuba is Spanish but like other Spanish speaking

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• English and French are also spoken in small doses
  in Cuba
• The Cuban people have a very unique way of
  talking. The people use words, expressions, body
  language, and emphasis to get their point across.
  Cubans dont only use words, they use subtle
  nuances that outsiders from the island cant
  detect

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Major Religions in Cuba

• Roman Catholicism 85
• Protestants
• Jewish
• Chinese Univerist
• Jehovahs Witness
• Muslim
• Santeria

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Religion in Cuba

• Atheist state until 1991 when declared secular
• Strict governmental control and restrictions
• Cuban Council of Churches (CCC) comprised of 21
  denominations

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Pope John Paul II Visit to Cuba

• November 1996
• Spoke on expanding freedom of Catholic Church in
  Cuba
• Speech served successful and inspirational
• Cubas actions thereafter did not correspond with
  the Popes message

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National and Popular Culture
Brief History Most native inhabitants soon
disappeared during colonization Small population
and a lot of Europeans left when Spain conquered
Mexico in favor of Mexico 19th century started
the sugar economy which led to the import of
African slaves Half of the Cuban population was
African in the mid 1800s
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Sports Most Cubans participate in sports or
athletics during their lives Baseball and boxing
are what Cuba is most known for The government
heavily encourages sports because -winning
sporting events brings positive attention to Cuba
and the government -instills patriotic and
national identities in its citizens -feels that
if Cuba can excel at sports then their way of
government must be recognized by the rest of the
world
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Sports Cont. According to Cuban officials sports
in Cuba are totally financed Money is generated
through winning international
competitions exporting sporting equipment Cuban
coaches that are contracted by other
countries Cuban coaches who are contracted must
give half of their fee to the Cuban
Government Athletes are paid very well in
comparison to their peers Member of a Cuban
National Team 25 dollars a month Regular Cuban
Worker 11 dollars a month
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Music Santeria mixing of Catholicism and
ancient African tribal rites Songs and dances
were performed to honor the various saints of the
religion Each saint had its own color and unique
rhythm which became the foundation of Cuban
music Ramba, Danzon, and Salsa were formed from
the rhythms 3 categories of Ramba -a slow dance
for couples -a faster more modern one -a fast
dance for males Salsa used to be referred to as
either Cuban or Afro-Cuban music and has since
been marketed under the name Salsa The use of
percussion instruments characterizes Cuban music
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History of Baseball in Cuba Baseball came to
Cuba in the 1860's. Brought by Cubans who studied
in the United States and American sailors in
Cuban ports. It quickly spread through the island
and took heart with the Cuban people who were
fighting for their independence from Spain. We
will follow Cuban Baseball from its social club
beginnings and through its Golden age. Follow the
rise of the Amateur Leagues and the resurgence of
the Professional Leagues in the 1940's. The
influence of American organized ball in the 50's
and the end of professionalism in 1961. Also a
look at how Baseball survives in Cuba today, with
hope of a return to its splendid glory in the
future.
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Authentic Lucumí shékere or àgbe from Havana.
Bongo Drums
Playing Timbales
Yuka Drums
Guiro
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CUBAN MUSIC INSTRUMENTS
Boys playing Conga Drums
CLAVE A pair of wooden or plastic sticks used to
play the clave rhythm by striking them together.
The clave rhythm is one of four two-bar rhythms
serving as the foundation to Afro-Cuban music
today.
CONGA DRUMS Also called Tumbadoras, the
barrel-shaped, single headed, hollowed drums with
cowhide or plastic heads are now made of wood and
fiberglass. The Conga is also a Cuban dance
rhythm that is traditionally danced during
carnival times.
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Government

• Government Type Totalitarian Communist state
  current government assumed power by force January
  1, 1959. Independence May 20, 1902.Political
  party Cuban Communist Party (PCC) only one
  party allowed.Administrative subdivisions 14
  provinces, including the city of Havana, and one
  special municipality (Isle of Youth).

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• A communist state is a state governed by a single
  political party which declares its allegiance to
  the principles of Marxism-Leninism.
• The term is techically an oxymoran, because
  Communisms theoretical goal is the creation of
  the society is propertyless, classless, and
  stateless, where everyone works according to
  their ability and receive according to their
  need.
• The term Communist state originated in the
  Western society from the fact that most much
  states are, or were, run by communist parties,
  the other being run by soviets. Most of these
  states called themselves socialist, such as the
  Union of Soviet Social Republics, since in
  Marxist political thoery, socialism is the
  intermediate stage in reaching communism.

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• In Cuba the elections are in a secretive way.
  They have secret ballot and everyone that is
  either 16 years or older can vote. The voters
  nominate candidates for the municipal assemblies
  first. Then they are placed before the voters
  that they chose (2-8 candidates). Candidates for
  the National Assembly are nominated by one
  candidate for each seat, which makes the floor
  open for people to put an approval vote on the
  candidate. Voters are then aloud to approve all
  some or none of the candidates.
• The Legislative power is run by the National
  Assembly of Peoples Power. Sometimes, power is
  exercised by the 31 member Council of State
  which, is elected by the National Assembly.
• The Executive authority is formally found in the
  Council of Ministers, a large cabinet composed of
  8 members of the Council of State, and the heads
  of the national ministries.

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• Questions?