Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox

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Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox
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Artist Thomas Nast contrasted this image,
captioned Pardon, of Confederate politicians
and generals applying for pardons, which might
give them the right to vote and hold office. . . .
with this image, entitled Franchise, of a
crippled African American Union veteran,
deserving of recognition by the Federal
Government for his heroism and sacrifice, and
deserving the right to vote
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Thomas Nasts depiction of the African American
victim sacrificed upon the altar of the white
mans government and sectional reunion and
reconciliation
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Two Members of the Ku Klux Klan in Disguise, 1868
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Thomas Nasts 1874 cartoon, The New Alabama
the flag reads, This is a White Mans Government
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caption reads Colored Rule in a Reconstructed
(?) State The members call each other
thieves, liars, rascals, and cowards.
Columbia You are Aping the lowest Whites. If
you disgrace your Race in this way you had better
take Back Seats.
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The patchwork quilt of Reconstruction and
Redemption
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Republican Rutherford B. Hayes
Democrat Samuel Tilden
Election 2000
1876 Election
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The contested presidential election of 1876
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D.W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation, 1915
release Griffiths tremendously popular film set
the tone for a wave of motion pictures that
denigrated blacks, even if that denigration
usually comes through mockery. Birth of a Nation
directly contributed to the reemergence of the
defunct Ku Klux Klan in the late 1910s, and well
into the Civil Rights struggle white supremacists
continued to hail the films racist iconography.
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the mulatto Gus, the would-be rapist of a white
woman in Birth of a Nation Screen heavy Walter
Long, in blackface, was cast as "Gus,"one of the
most controversial castings and performances in
cinema history.
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Abolitionist Congressman, the Hon. Austin
Stoneman (Ralph Lewis, in blackface),spearheaded
the Reconstruction era in D.W. Griffiths vision
of the post-Civil War South.
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The triumphant march of the Klan, Lillian Gish
and Miriam Cooper at its head, a cinematic
moment that audiences would never forget.
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Missing Revolution in Economic Relations

• THREE (?) PILLARS OF WHITE SUPREMACY?
• MOB VIOLENCE
• SEGREGATION
• DISFRANCHISEMENT

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I. MOB VIOLENCE I. Carnival of Fury Sexual
Mythology, Lynching, Mob Violence, and African
American Resistance in the New South A. the
epidemic of rape that never was B. Ida
Wells-Barnetts crusade against the old
threadbare lie
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Ida B. Wells-Barnett, early crusader against
lynching Nobody in this section of the country
believes the old threadbare lie that Negro men
rape white women
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• SEGREGATION
• The Supreme Court Jumps Jim Crow
• Homer Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and the
  Legitimization of Segregation
• green light for segregation and other forms of
  racial proscription
• Plessy serves as the legal / constitutional
  cement for segregation enshrines legal and
  cultural legitimacy of Jim Crow

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III. DISFRANCHISEMENT A. white Democrats vow
never again to have poor blacks and whites
join forces B. race-blind disfranchisement
mechanisms 1. poll tax 2. literacy
test 3. grandfather clause
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Racial stereotypes of black politicians in
1898 vs. Reconstruction depictions
Racial stereotypes of black politicians in 1874
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Editorial Cartoon from the North Carolina White
Supremacy Campaign of 1898
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Illustration of the Wilmington race riot of
1898 as it did not transpire blacks were the
victims of white violence, not the authors of
violence
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• THREE (?) PILLARS OF WHITE SUPREMACY?
• MOB VIOLENCE
• SEGREGATION
• DISFRANCHISEMENT

A FOURTH PILLAR OF WHITE SUPREMACY?
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a missing revolution in economic relations
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One long term consequence of the Black Codes was
the racialization of the Souths criminal
justice system. . . .
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Booker T. Washington the Wizard of Tuskegee
and author of the Atlanta Compromise (1895)
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W.E.B. Du Bois one of the founders of the NAACP,
historian, editorialist, and advocate of
persistent, manly agitation
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Sign indicating demarcation of segregated seating
on Birmingham city bus during the Jim Crow era
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Sign indicating demarcation of segregated seating
on Birmingham city bus during the Jim Crow era
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