A History of Psychological Warfare - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

A History of Psychological Warfare

Description:

... new weapons needed Crewe House and munitions of the mind against Austria-Hungary and Germany WW1: ... and back again Weapons of Mass Communications ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:419
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 21
Provided by: Institute94
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: A History of Psychological Warfare


1
A History of Psychological Warfare
  • From Political Warfare to Information Support
  • Prof. Philip M. Taylor
  • University of Leeds

2
As Old as War itself
  • Sun Tsu (the acme of skill)
  • Trojan Horse (Deception)
  • Walls of Jericho
  • Alexander the Great
  • Sack of Carthage (propaganda of the deed)
  • Caesar and his circuses (importance of domestic
    morale)

3
More relevant now than ever before
  • The New Jericho Panama, 1989
  • The Gulf War as catalyst
  • Kosovo a sobering lesson
  • Propaganda of the Deed September 11th 2001
  • The war against Terrorism

4
Evolution of Terminology
  • Political Warfare
  • Psychological Warfare
  • Psychological Operations
  • Information Warfare
  • Information Operations
  • Information Support (UK)
  • Perception Management

5
It IS propaganda
  • Black (Covert)
  • White (Overt)
  • Grey (Unknown)
  • Hence defined by source
  • Value neutral
  • Democratic values of propaganda

6
From combat propaganda to strategic PSYOPs
  • Soldier-to-soldier communication
  • Total War and the importance of civilian
    morale/support
  • The Cold War as a war of ideologies
  • Operations other than war in the 1990s
  • Soldier-to-civilian communication
  • Terrorism a war against an idea/concept

7
World War One
  • The thing is to kill Germans
  • The defilement of the human soul is worse than
    killing
  • Not over by Xmas 1914 new weapons needed
  • Crewe House and munitions of the mind against
    Austria-Hungary and Germany

8
WW1 consequences
  • The importance of public opinion and the advent
    of public diplomacy
  • The arrival of new communications technologies
  • Policy and Propaganda synergy and the tragedy of
    Versailles
  • The arrival of new, aggressive, ideologically
    motivated regimes in Russia, Italy, Japan and
    Germany.

9
World War Two Total War, Total Propaganda
  • First RAF raid of the war was with leaflets!
    (bullshit bombs)
  • Media access to the battlefield
  • Ministry of Information and Political Warfare
    Executive
  • Psychological Warfare Division of SHAEF
  • Deception and Operation Fortitude

10
WW2 consequences
  • The Strategy of Truth
  • The importance of credibility (and hence of the
    BBC but to how to get heard?)
  • Policy and Propaganda synergy and the tragedy of
    Unconditional Surrender
  • The Ultra Secret vs. Political Warfare Executive
    (joint military-civilian)

11
The Cold War
  • Back into the shadows (KGB vs. CIA)
  • Into the strategic domain (USIA, British Council
    etc)
  • Low Intensity Conflicts
  • High-fidelity battles (e.g. space race, Olympic
    Games)
  • The Great Communicator Star Wars

12
Vietnam and its antidotes
  • The Uncensored War, The first television war
  • Decline of psyops
  • The Falklands Factor
  • The Gulf War of 1991 as catalyst
  • The Revolution in Military Affairs

13
The Gulf War as catalyst
  • US-led Burning Hawk
  • 29 million leaflets for Iraqis in KTO
  • 4 POG and 193rd PNG deployment of leaflets,
    radio, loudspeakers and Commando Solo
  • 44 of Iraqi army deserted (60-80,000)

14
The changing role of the military in the 1990s
  • OOTWs in N. Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, Haiti, Kosovo
    1999
  • New types of deployments, new skills required
  • Revolution in Communications technologies
  • Democracies and non-democracies

15
Kosovo WWW1
  • Gulf War 2 without the ground war
  • The arrival of the Internet and the mobile phone
  • Asymmetrical warfare and the importance of
    propaganda (SOFTWAR)
  • Information Warfare and 103 million leaflets

16
THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION TO THE MILITARY
Information In Warfare
Information Warfare
Influence Attitudes Deny / Protect Deceive Exploit
/ Attack
Intelligence Surveillance Reconnaissance Weather G
eographic Other
17
Information Warfare
Influence Attitudes Perception Management
Deny/Protect OPSEC Information
Assurance Counter- Intelligence Computer Networ
k Defence
Deceive Spoofing Deception Imitation Distortio
n
Exploit/Attack Ballistic Electronic Warfare Com
puter Network Attack EMP
Public Diplomacy Private Diplomacy PSYOPS Media
Relations (PA/PI) Education (soft
power) Counter Influence/ Propaganda
18
Perception Management and the war on terrorism
  • PSYOPs deployed in Afghanistan
  • Al Jazeera as the new Baghdad loophole
  • Coalition information centres in London,
    Washington and Islamabad
  • we are losing the war of words - is this a
    failure of strategic information policy?
  • Co-ordinate across the spectrum of
    communications, from the tactical to the
    strategic, and back again

19
Weapons of Mass Communications my questions
  • Communications and information are to the 21st
    century what oil and coal were to the 20th
  • is the thing to kill terrorism?
  • How to deter future terrorists?
  • In for the long haul
  • How long can the public stand for it?

20
Any questions from you?
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com