FIRST AID: Is the immediate care or treatment that is given to an injured or ill person before professional medical aid can be obtained.

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• FIRST AID Is the immediate care or treatment
  that is given to an injured or ill person before
  professional medical aid can be obtained.

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Priorities in an Emergency

1. Check the immediate surroundings for possible
   dangers.
2. Check to see if the victim is conscious.
3. Check Breathing
4. Control severe bleeding
5. Check the victim for poisoning.
6. Send for medical help.

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Skin Wound Classification

• Abrasion skin is scraped against a rough surface
• Bruise compression causes bleeding under the
  skin
• Laceration an irregular tear of the skin
• Avulsion skin is ripped off
• Puncture penetration of the skin by a sharp
  object

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First Aid for Open Wounds

1. Stop the Bleeding- apply direct pressure
2. Protect the Wound- Gauze or clean cloth
3. Treat for Shock (the failure of the
   cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood
   circulating to vital organs of the body)- Keep
   victim on back with feet elevated, cover body
   with blankets
4. Get Help- Call 911

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First Aid for Open Wounds
1. Wash wound
2. Stop bleeding
3. Use antibacterial creme
4. Apply bandage
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Burns

• Three types of burns
• 1st degree- superficial burns, like sunburn, and
  involve the top layer of skin. Healing takes 5-7
  days.
• 2nd degree- involve the top several layers of
  skin. The skin will have blisters and appear
  blotchy. Healing takes 3-4 weeks.
• 3rd degree- destroy all layers of skin as well as
  nerves, muscles, fat. It looks black or brown.

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First aid for burns

• Rinse with cool water
• Place a clean dressing over area to prevent
  infection
• Elevate burned area above the heart
• Treat for shock
• NEVER try to remove clothing stuck to a burned
  area

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Poisons

• Swallowing poison
• Symptoms
• Sharp abdominal cramps
• Extreme drowsiness followed by loss of
  consciousness
• Vomiting
• Chemical odor

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• Treatment
• Call the nearest poison control center
• Be prepared to give information about the victim
  and the poison
• Depending on the poison, you may be told to give
  the person a substance that dilutes the poison,
  or an emetic, and agent that causes vomiting.
• Treat victim for shock

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Snakebite

• Poisonous snakes in the US
• 4 types- rattlesnake, copperhead, water moccasin
  (cottonmouth), and coral snake.
• First aid for snakebite
• Get victim to hospital
• Keep bitten area below the level of heart
• Call EMS
• Keep victim still as possible

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Contact Poisoning

• Poisonous plants
• Symptoms
• Severe skin rash, blistering, swilling, burning,
  itching
• Possible fever
• Treatment
• Remove any contaminated clothing
• Rinse with water
• Wash with soap

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Chemical Poisoning

• Symptoms- burning of skin resembling sunburn
• Treatment
• Remove any clothing that has come into contact
  with the chemical.
• Remove as much of the chemical from the surface
  of the skin as possible by flooding the skin with
  water
• Contact the nearest poison control center

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Fractures
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Fracture Treatment

1. Keep the bone end from moving
2. Immobilize the body part
3. Seek medical attention

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Sprain/ Strain

• What Is the Difference Between a Sprain and a
  Strain?
• A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament.
  One or more ligaments can be injured at the same
  time. The severity of the injury will depend on
  the extent of injury (whether a tear is partial
  or complete) and the number of ligaments
  involved.
• A strain is an injury to either a muscle or a
  tendon. Depending on the severity of the injury,
  a strain may be a simple overstretch of the
  muscle or tendon, or it can result from a partial
  or complete tear.

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Fainting-temporary loss of consciousness brought
on by reduced supply of blood to the brain.

• Treatment
• Dont prop the person up
• Loosen any tight clothes
• Maintain an open airway
• Sponge the persons face with water
• If the person fails to revive promptly, seek
  medical attention

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Animal bites

1. Wash with soap and water
2. Cover with clean dressing
3. Go to doctor to check for rabies- a vital disease
   of the nervous system that eventually causes
   madness and death.

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Bee stings

• Take a flat sharp edge to scrape stinger away
  from the skin
• Wash area with soap and water
• Watch for allergic reaction
• An allergic person normally carries medicine

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Objects in the eye

• Flush eye with water, DO NOT rub eye
• If object doesnt dislodge then seek medical
  attention

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Nosebleeds

1. Keep person quiet, dont blow your nose
2. Place the person in a sitting position and have
   them lean forward.
3. Apply direct pressure to bleeding nostril
4. Apply a cold towel to the persons nose and face
5. Place a piece of gauze between the upper lip and
   teeth to stop the bleeding

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Frostbite- ice crystals form in the body cells
and destroy them.

• Dont rub the skin, soak it in lukewarm water
• Bandage the injured part
• Seek professional help
• If frostbite goes untreated, gangrene may set in-
  which is death of a body part. Gangrene often
  requires amputation.

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Heat cramps

• Symptoms- muscle cramps, heavy sweating,
  headache, and dizziness.
• Treatment
• Move victim out of heat
• Massage the muscle
• Drink water or gatorade to replace the lost water
  and salt

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Heat stroke

• Symptoms
• Lack of perspiration, vomiting, confusion,
  irregular pulse
• Treatment
• Remove from heat
• Immerse in cold water or place ice packs around
  neck
• Contact emergency services