Chapter Menu

1
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The
Erosion- Deposition Process Lesson 2 Landforms
Shaped by Water and Wind Lesson 3 Mass
Wasting and Glaciers Chapter Wrap-Up
2
Chapter Introduction

• How do erosion and deposition shape Earths
  surface?

3
Chapter Introduction

• What do you think?

Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree
with each of these statements. As you view this
presentation, see if you change your mind about
any of the statements.
4
Chapter Introduction
Do you agree or disagree?

• 1. Wind, water, ice, and gravity continually
  shape Earths surface.
• 2. Pieces of sediment in different sizes tend to
  mix when being moved along by water.
• 3. A beach is a landform that does not change
  over time.

5
Chapter Introduction
Do you agree or disagree?

• 4. Windblown sediment can cut and polish exposed
  rock surfaces.
• 5. Landslides are a natural process that cannot
  be influenced by human activities.
• 6. A glacier leaves behind very smooth land as it
  moves through an area.

6
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC
The Erosion-Deposition Process

• How can erosion shape and sort sediment?
• How are erosion and deposition related?
• What features suggest whether erosion or
  deposition created a landform?

7
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab
The Erosion-Deposition Process

• erosion
• deposition

8
Lesson 1-1
Reshaping Earths Surface

• A combination of constructive processes and
  destructive processes produce landforms.
• Constructive processes build up features on
  Earths surface.
• Destructive processes tear down features on
  Earths surface.

9
Lesson 1-2

• The breakdown of rockweatheringis one type of
  destructive process that changes Earths surface.

10
Lesson 1-2
A Continual Process of Change

• Chemical weathering alters the chemical
  composition of rock.
• Physical weathering is the breaking of rock into
  pieces, called sediment, without changing the
  chemical composition of the rock.
• Water, wind, and ice are agents, or causes, of
  weathering.

11
Lesson 1-2
A Continual Process of Change (cont.)

• The mineral composition of some rocks makes them
  less resistant than others are to weathering.
• The difference in the rate of weathering can
  produce unusual landforms.

12
Lesson 1-2
13
Lesson 1-2
Erosion

• Erosion is the removal of weathered material from
  one location to another.
• Agents of erosion include water, wind, glaciers,
  and gravity.
• Factors that affect the rate of erosion include
  weather, climate, shape of the land, and type of
  rock.

14
Lesson 1-2
Erosion (cont.)

• The presence of plants and the way humans use the
  land affect the rate of erosion.
• The rate of erosion sometimes depends on the
  type of rock.
• Weathering breaks some types of rock into large
  pieces. Other rock types easily break into
  smaller pieces that are more easily transported.

15
Lesson 1-2
Erosion (cont.)

• As rock fragments bump against each other during
  erosion, the shapes of the fragments can change.

How can erosion affect the shape of sediment?
16
Lesson 1-2
Erosion (cont.)

• Erosion also affects the level of
  sortingseparating of items into groups according
  to one or more propertiesof sediment.
• Sediment is often well-sorted when it has been
  moved a lot by wind or waves.

17
Lesson 1-2
Erosion (cont.)

• Poorly sorted sediment often results from rapid
  transportation, perhaps by a storm, a flash
  flood, or a volcanic eruption.

How can erosion sort sediment?
18
Lesson 1-2
Deposition

• Deposition is the laying down or settling of
  eroded material.

deposition from French deposer, means put down
19
Lesson 1-2
Deposition (cont.)

• As water or wind slows down, it has less energy
  and can hold less sediment, which can result in
  some of the sediment being deposited.
• Sediment is deposited in locations called
  depositional environments, such as swamps,
  deltas, beaches, and the ocean floor.

20
Lesson 1-2
Deposition (cont.)

• High-energy environments, like rushing rivers and
  ocean shores with large waves, are those in which
  sediment is transported and deposited quickly.
• Small grains of sediment are often deposited in
  low-energy environments, like deep lakes, areas
  of slow-moving air, and swamps.
• Sediment deposited in water typically forms
  layers called beds.

21
Lesson 1-2
Deposition (cont.)
How are erosion and deposition related?
22
Lesson 1-3
Interpreting Landforms

• Landforms can have features that are clearly
  produced by erosion.
• Different rates of erosion can create unusual
  landforms like tall, protruding landforms called
  hoodoos.
• Glacial erosion can produce ice-carved features
  in mountains.

23
Lesson 1-3
Interpreting Landforms (cont.)

• Landforms created by deposition are often flat
  and low-lying.
• An apron of sediment, called an alluvial fan,
  often forms where a stream flows from a steep,
  narrow canyon onto a flat plain at the foot of a
  mountain.

24
Lesson 1-3
Interpreting Landforms (cont.)

• Deposition along a riverbed occurs where the
  speed of the water slows down and can result in a
  sandbar.

What features suggest whether erosion or
deposition created a landform?
25
Lesson 1 - VS

• Erosion occurring at different rates can carve
  rock into interesting landforms.
• Rock fragments with rough edges are rounded
  during transportation.
• Landforms created by deposition are often flat
  and low-lying.

26
Lesson 1 LR1
Which of these refers to the breaking of rocks
into sediment without changing the chemical
composition of the rock?
A. chemical weathering B. physical
weathering C. deposition D. erosion
27
Lesson 1 LR2
Which is an example of a low-energy environment?
A. swamp B. rushing river C. ocean shore with
large waves D. none of the above
28
Lesson 1 LR3
Which term refers to the laying down or settling
of eroded material?
A. erosion B. sediment C. weathering D. deposition
29
Lesson 1 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?

• 1. Wind, water, ice, and gravity continually
  shape Earths surface.
• 2. Pieces of sediment in different sizes tend to
  mix when being moved along by water.

30
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC
Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind

• What are the stages of stream development?
• How do water erosion and deposition change
  Earths surface?
• How do wind erosion and deposition change Earths
  surface?

31
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab
Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind

• meander
• longshore current
• delta

• abrasion
• dune
• loess

32
Lesson 2-1
Shaping the Land with Water and Wind

• Water and wind are two important agents of
  weathering, erosion, and deposition.
• Erosion by water and wind can change the shape of
  landforms.

33
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition

• Streams are active systems that erode land and
  transport sediment.
• The erosion produced by a stream depends on the
  streams energy. This energy is usually greatest
  in steep, mountainous areas where young streams
  flow rapidly downhill.
• Water from a young stream slows down as it
  reaches gentler slopes and is then called a
  mature stream.

34
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• A meander is a broad, C-shaped curve in a stream.
• A stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land
  and is then called an old stream.
• As time passes, erosion of the outside bend of a
  meander, where water is flowing more quickly,
  occurs. Deposition occurs on the inside bend,
  where water flows more slowly.

35
Lesson 2-2

• Over time, meanders change shape due to erosion
  and deposition.

36
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)
Describe the stream development stages.
37
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Waves crashing into shore erode loose sand,
  gravel, and rock along coastlines.
• A longshore current is a current that flows
  parallel to the shoreline.
• This current moves sediment and continually
  changes the size and shape of beaches.

38
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Water erosion can also form caves, stacks, and
  arches.

How does water erosion change Earths surface?
39
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Flowing water deposits sediment as the water
  slows down.
• Slower-moving water deposits sediment on the
  inside curves of meanders.
• A delta is a large deposit of sediment that forms
  where a stream enters a large body of water.

40
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Much of the sand on most ocean beaches was
  originally deposited by rivers.
• Longshore currents transport the sand along ocean
  coasts and deposit it where the currents have
  less energy.

41
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)
How does water deposition change Earths surface?

• Water deposition forms many structures within
  caves.

42
Lesson 2-2
Water Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Ocean waves can erode beaches by removing
  sediment.
• To reduce erosion, people sometimes build
  structures such as retaining walls or groins.
• Reducing or removing vegetation from the land
  surface is one of the most common ways that
  surface erosion is increased.

43
Lesson 2-3
Wind Erosion and Deposition

• Abrasion is the grinding away of rock or other
  surfaces as particles carried by wind, water, or
  ice scrape against them.
• A dune is a pile of wind-blown sand.

44
Lesson 2-3
Wind Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Loess is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and
  clay.

loess from Swiss German Lösch, means loose
45
Lesson 2-3
Wind Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Plowed fields and dry, overgrazed pastures are
  two ways in which people contribute to wind
  erosion.

How do wind erosion and deposition change
Earths surface?
46
Lesson 2 - VS

• Water erosion changes Earths surface. An example
  of this is the change in features of a stream
  over time.
• Water transports sediment and deposits it in
  places where the speed of the water decreases.
• Wind erosion can change Earths surface by moving
  sediment. A dune and loess are two types of wind
  deposition.

47
Lesson 2 LR1
Which term refers to the grinding away of rock or
other surfaces as particles carried by wind,
water, or ice scrape against them?
A. meander B. delta C. longshore
current D. abrasion
48
Lesson 2 LR2
Which is a pile of wind-blown sand?
A. loess B. dune C. delta D. meander
49
Lesson 2 LR3
What is a current that flows parallel to the
shoreline?
A. meander B. delta C. longshore current D. loess
50
Lesson 2 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?
3. A beach is a landform that does not change
over time. 4. Windblown sediment can cut and
polish exposed rock surfaces.
51
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC
Mass Wasting and Glaciers

• What are some ways gravity shapes Earths
  surface?
• How do glaciers erode Earths surface?

52
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab
Mass Wasting and Glaciers

• mass wasting
• landslide
• talus
• glacier

• till
• moraine
• outwash

53
Lesson 3-1
Mass Wasting

• Mass wasting is the downhill movement of a large
  mass of rocks or soil because of the pull of
  gravity.
• Mass wasting commonly occurs when soil on a
  hillside is soaked with rainwater.
• A landslide is the rapid downhill movement of
  soil, loose rocks, and boulders.

54
Lesson 3-1
Mass Wasting (cont.)

• Two types of landslides are a rockfall and a
  mudslide.
• Slump is a type of mass wasting where the
  material moves slowly, in a large mass.
• If the material moves too slowly to be
  noticeable, causing trees and other objects to
  lean over, the event is called creep.

55
Lesson 3-1
Mass Wasting (cont.)
What are some ways gravity shapes Earths
surfaces?
56
Lesson 3-1
Mass Wasting (cont.)

• When material reaches a stable location, such as
  the base of a mountain, the material is
  deposited.
• Talus is a pile of angular rocks and sediment
  from a rockfall.

57
Lesson 3-1
Mass Wasting (cont.)

• Human activity, such as removing vegetation, can
  affect both the severity of mass wasting and the
  tendency for it to occur.
• Landscaping or building on a slope can make the
  slope steeper and more likely to undergo mass
  wasting.

58
Lesson 3-2
Glacial Erosion and Deposition

• A glacier is a large mass of ice that formed on
  land and moves slowly across Earths surface.
• The two main types of glaciers are alpine
  glaciers and ice sheets.
• Glaciers erode Earths surface as they slide over
  it, carving the land as they move.

59
Lesson 3-2

• Alpine glaciers produce distinctive erosional
  features.

60
Lesson 3-2
Glacial Erosion and Deposition (cont.)
How do glaciers erode Earths surface?
61
Lesson 3-3

• Sediment that was frozen in a glaciers ice is
  eventually deposited in various forms.

62
Lesson 3-3
Glacial Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Till is a mixture of various sizes of sediment
  deposited by a glacier.

till Science Use rock and sediment deposited by a
glacier Common Use to work by plowing, sowing,
and raising crops
63
Lesson 3-3
Glacial Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• A moraine is a mound or ridge of unsorted
  sediment deposited by a glacier.

moraine from French morena, means mound of earth
64
Lesson 3-3
Glacial Erosion and Deposition (cont.)

• Outwash is layered sediment deposited by streams
  of water that flow from a melting glacier.
• A small change in Earths average temperature
  causes considerable melting of glaciers.
• As glaciers melt, sea level rises around the
  world.

65
Lesson 3 - VS

• Mass wasting can occur very fast, such as when a
  landslide occurs, or slowly over many years.
• Material moved by a mass wasting event is
  deposited when it reaches a relatively stable
  location. An example is talus deposited at the
  base of a hill.

66
Lesson 3 - VS

• A glacier erodes Earths surface as it moves and
  melts. Glaciers can form U-shaped valleys when
  they move past mountains.

67
Lesson 3 LR1
Which of these describes a type of mass wasting
where the material moves slowly, in a large mass?
A. slump B. talus C. till D. moraine
68
Lesson 3 LR2
A large mass of ice that formed on land and moves
slowly across Earths surface is called what?
A. glacier B. landslide C. slump D. talus
69
Lesson 3 LR3
Which term refers to a mound or ridge of unsorted
sediment deposited by a glacier?
A. till B. outwash C. moraine D. talus
70
Lesson 3 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?
5. Landslides are a natural process that cannot
be influenced by human activities. 6. A glacier
leaves behind very smooth land as it moves
through an area.
71
Chapter Review Menu
Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept
Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice
72
The BIG Idea

• Erosion and deposition are constructive and
  destructive forces that shape Earths surface by
  building up and tearing down landforms such as
  coastlines, dunes, rivers, lakes, mountains,
  glaciers, and deltas.

73
Key Concepts 1
Lesson 1 The Erosion-Deposition Process

• Erosion is the wearing away and transportation of
  weathered material. Deposition is the laying down
  of the eroded material.
• Erosion tends to make rocks more rounded. Erosion
  can sort sediment according to its grain size.
• Landforms produced by deposition are usually on
  flat, low land. Landforms produced by erosion are
  often tall and/or jagged.

74
Key Concepts 2
Lesson 2 Landforms Shaped by Water and Wind

• A young stream moves quickly down steep slopes. A
  mature stream moves more slowly and develops
  meanders. An old stream is wider and moves
  slowly.
• Water erosion forms V-shaped valleys. Longshore
  currents reshape beaches. Deposition of sediment
  from water can form deltas.
• Wind abrasion can alter the shape of rock. Wind
  deposition can form a dune or loess.

75
Key Concepts 3
Lesson 3 Mass Wasting and Glaciers

• Gravity can shape Earths surface through mass
  wasting. Creep is an example of mass wasting.
• A glacier erodes Earths surface as it moves by
  carving grooves and scratches into rock.

76
Chapter Review MC1
Which process always alters the chemical
composition of rock?
A. physical weathering B. chemical
weathering C. deposition D. erosion
77
Chapter Review MC2
Locations where sediment is deposited are
referred to as which of these?
A. hoodoos B. alluvial fan C. depositional
environments D. swamp
78
Chapter Review MC3
What is a large deposit of sediment that forms
where a stream enters a large body of water?
A. longshore current B. delta C. dune D. meander
79
Chapter Review MC4
Which term refers to a broad, C-shaped curve in
a stream?
A. mature stream B. delta C. loess D. meander
80
Chapter Review MC5
A pile of angular rocks and sediment from a
rockfall is referred to as which of these?
A. landslide B. talus C. glacier D. slump
81
Chapter Review STP1
Which term refers to the removal of weathered
material from one location to another?
A. deposition B. erosion C. physical
weathering D. chemical weathering
82
Chapter Review STP2
What is a stream called when it reaches flat land
and moves slowly?
A. old stream B. longshore current C. delta D. cre
ep
83
Chapter Review STP3
Which term refers to a crumbly, windblown deposit
of silt and clay?
A. dune B. loess C. delta D. meander
84
Chapter Review STP4
Which of these is the dominant cause of mass
wasting?
A. rain B. soil C. gravity D. erosion
85
Chapter Review STP5
Which of these refers to a mixture of various
sizes of sediment deposited by a glacier?
A. till B. outwash C. moraine D. talus