Planning for Community Fire Protection

1
Planning for Community Fire Protection

• Class 4
• Chapters 18,19,20,21, and 22

2
Fire Prevention

• Most States have offices oversee certain phases
  of fire prevention.
• The organization of the state fire marshals
  officer differ from state to state.
• Ill. tbl.18.1 pg 308 tbl.18.2 pg 310

3
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Training is a challenge for nearly every
  organization, including fire and emergency
  services. It is a sigh of commitment of that
  organization to provide quality service and to
  ensure the health and safety of their employees.

4
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Effective training achieves
• Services that meet professional benchmarks and
  standards
• Efficient performance
• Effective use of technology
• Safe operations
• Quality customer service
• NFPA 1500 requires training

5
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Training vs. Education
• Training is the process by which vocational
  skills and knowledge are delivered.
• Explains what to do
• Is anchored in past experience
• Encompasses job skills

6
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Encompasses practical skills
• Involves application
• Results in specific outcomes
• Is know
• Education is the process by which academic
  subjects are delivered

7
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Explain what to do
• Is geared to the future
• Encompasses life skills
• Encompasses cognitive skills
• Involves theory
• Results in general outcomes
• Is unknown

8
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Training programs
• Pre-employment
• Recruit
• In service
• Reasons to conduct in service training
• 1. meets mandatory requirements
• 2. helps ensure good customer service

9
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• 3. prevents skills degradation
• 4. introduces new technology
• 5. introduces new skills
• 6. expands service
• 7. introduces policy changes
• 8. develops teamwork skills
• 9. ensures operability of equipment

10
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Ongoing training should be carefully planned,
  evaluated and revised as needed.
• Areas to address when planning training
• 1. Dept. goals and objectives
• 2. mandated training requirements

11
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• 3. continuing edu for certifications
• 4. infrequently used KSAs
• 5. procedures with high consequences
• 6. experience from incidents critiqued
• 7. scheduling
• 8. Learning learning methodologies
• 9. Available inside and outside resources
• 10. labor management issues

12
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Staff development training.
• Many fire officials say a lack of staff
  development is a big problem, is it?
• Training programs should attempt to broaden the
  base knowledge and experiences of aspiring
  officer and current officers

13
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Issues in staff development training
• Dept goals and objectives
• Quality customer service
• Applicability and accessibility of training
• Prerequisites
• Access to learning resources
• Finance and Resource sharing
• Certifications and equivalency

14
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Mentoring programs can be helpful in staff
  development
• Some FDs require officer candidates to have
  earned higher education degrees before being
  eligible for promotion

15
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Special operations training
• Training for these infrequent and highly
  technical events can be very challenging and
  expensive to a training program.
• Post incident analysis in training is a useful
  tool if done right.

16
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Designing effective post incident analysis
• Dept goals and objectives
• Defined roles of participants
• Nonthreatening environment
• Adequate time and resources
• Defined time frame

17
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Site visit if possible
• Record of session and recommendations
• Follow-through to develop training and modify
  behavior
• Follow-through to develop and modify policies and
  procedures
• Training record importance

18
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Training resources
• Training centers (more next chapter)
• Staff the most valuable and expensive resources
  for any project are the personnel who do the
  work. It takes special people with a special
  level of expertise and education (motivation and
  a desire for excellence) to plan, direct, and
  deliver quality training.

19
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• State training resources
• Federal training
• Fire service organizations
• IAFC
• IAFF
• IFSTA
• ISFSI
• NFPA
• NVFC
• Private sector organizations

20
Training Fire and Emergency Services

• Successful training takes
• Planning
• Safety
• Training Standards, Testing and Certification
  local state federal NFPA
• training in context to your situation

21
FD Facilities

• Fire stations
• One of the most important elements of a firehouse
  is whether it represents a safe and efficient
  place for people to use.
• It is very important when designing a FH that a
  clear understanding between designers and the FD
  be established in the conceptual design phase.

22
FD Facilities

• Site selection
• Driven by response (time) goals
• Response Analysis a must
• Should be preemptive to growth
• May consider secondary route location if main
  travel route locations are not practical or too
  expensive

23
FD Facilities

• Planning for building functions
• Proximity of personnel to apparatus is important
  (get out time)
• No pole if possible stairs are better
• The structure should be framed and built stronger
  than regular buildings ensuring the building will
  not fail or become un-operable.

24
FD Facilities

• Typical station spaces
• Apparatus floor
• Sleeping area
• Personal accommodations, washroom, showers,
  personal space, men 7 women
• Watch room
• Kitchen
• Living areas
• Decon area

25
FD Facilities

• EMS supply room
• Laundry
• Training area
• Offices
• Shop area
• Hose cleaning and drying
• And plenty of storage

26
FD Training Facilities

• One of the most complex operations in the
  construction field.
• Design team members must have a training
  background because the architects and engineers
  may not be familiar with training needs.

27
FD Training Facilities

• Facility design
• Site selection
• Clear conceptualization
• Space required
• Access
• Environment
• Public perception/support
• Design consideration
• Layout of various components

28
FD Training Facilities

• General building considerations
• 100 students in classroom and 100 students
  outside training takes about a 15 acres of space
• Main structures
• Classrooms
• Training tower
• Live fire areas
• Simulators

29
FD Training Facilities

• Auto extrication
• Crash fire rescue
• Drafting and pump test area
• Driver training
• Storage
• Rehab area
• Special Rescue areas
• All should have safety design features built in,
  enough area, and support

30
FD Communications

• No two communities are exactly alike. It is
  important to conduct evaluation of needs (in new
  or existing systems. NFPA 1221 should always
  apply.
• Any communication system should have a center
  point for all functions

31
FD Communications

• Design considerations
• Location, Seismic stability, Security, Emergency
  electric power NFPA 111, Wiring access, Lighting,
  AC for computers and people, AC backup,
  Work-station layout (OHSA, ADA, efficiency),
  Console arrangement, Acoustics, Restrooms,
  Kitchen, Interior design, Rest areas,
  Dormitories, Emergency rations and supplies,
  Alternate/backup location

32
FD Communications

• Radio Systems
• Bands VHF, UHF both have -s
• Which band? Frequency availability, area
  coverage, terrain, number of radio units,
  frequencies in use near-by, mutual aid, type of
  operation, and use of EMS radio systems
• Radio System Operation pg 349, 350

33
FD Communications

• Mobile Radios
• Should be able to
• 1. communicate to communication center over an
  assigned channel(s)
• 2. communicate with other units on a assigned
  tactical channel(s)
• NFPA 1221 requires 1 spare radio for every 20 in
  use

34
FD Communications

• Portable radios
• At least one on each vehicle
• One for each member of the company is desirable
  for safety
• Portables should be checked at least twice a 24hr
  shift (battery and function)
• Portable radios should allow for ease of
  operation with gloved hands
• EMS communications see pg 352

35
FD Communications

• Communications personnel
• No system is better than its operators
• Good training a must
• Should have complete understanding of all agency
  operations and procedures
• NFPA 1061 Standard for professional
  qualifications
• Consolidation of Comm. Centers
• Joint powers (independent agency)
• Multi jurisdictional contracting

36
FD Communications

• Processing communications
• Data collection
• incident related
• Operations related
• Reports
• Receipt of alarm
• Recording and reproducing
• Running card
• Status keeping

37
FD Communications

• Computer Aided Dispatch
• Three types
• Class 1 most sophisticated tracts status
  recommends dispatch
• Class 2 uses computer to support all operation
• Class 3 uses desktop computer technology to
  support the dispatcher

38
Apparatus and Equipment

• NFPA 1901 deals with design, performance,
  functions and components of most types of fire
  apparatus
• NFPA minimums for pumper 750 gpm and at least 300
  gal tank
• Aerial ladders and elevated platforms see page
  360
• Quints and special vehicles

39
Apparatus and Equipment

• Apparatus engines, brakes, weight
• 35 mph in 25 seconds
• Maintain top speed of 50MPH
• 20MPH up 6 grade
• Stopping 20MPH to 0 in 35feet required by NFPA
  and Federal code
• See pg 361 for weight info and important
  definition on pg 362

40
Apparatus and Equipment

• Apparatus must comply with government standards
  and should comply with NFPA in these areas
• Safety audible and visual warning devices
• Steps and surfaces
• Mounting of equipment
• Cab ergonomics
• Pump panel layout

41
Apparatus and Equipment

• Other items to consider
• Electrical power to apparatus
• Type and configuration of pump
• Hose carrying capability and access
• Water tank
• Doors and cabinetry
• Size of cabinets and compartments
• Ease of operation
• Etc.

42
Apparatus and Equipment

• Aerial ladders
• Common sizes 75,85,100, 135
• Height is measured plumb line from top rung to
  ground fully extended max elevation
• Min rated capacity 250lbs.
• 18 in wide at narrowest point
• Stable to 1 ½ times capacity at tip

43
Apparatus and Equipment

• Elevated Platforms
• 3 basic designs, page 367
• Available in heights up to 200ft
• Two sets of controls platform ground
• Water Towers
• Designed to discharge a minimum of 1000 gpm _at_ 100
  psi
• Heights of 50 to 75 feet

44
Apparatus and Equipment

• Other types of apparatus
• Foam units
• CFR vehicles
• Communication and chief vehicles
• Specialty team
• Air and fan units
• Fire boats, grass trucks
• etc

45
Apparatus and Equipment

• Required equipment NFPA apparatus standards
  include sections on recommended equipment and
  appliances.
• Apparatus procurement pg 371

46
Apparatus and Equipment

• Lease or buy outright?
• Should consider plus minus of each
• Maintenance
• Liability
• Repair costs
• Funding
• Average front line life expectancy
• Engines 10-15 yrs extreme 7-9 yrs
• Trucks 12 -15 yrs extreme 9-11 yrs

47
Apparatus and Equipment

• Maintenance
• NFPA 1915 PM and NFPA 1071 technician
  qualifications are important to follow
• Service tests annually and after big repair for
  all pumps NFPA 1911
• Inspections of aerial apparatus NFPA yearly
  inspection and specific nondestructive testing
  (welds, bolts, cracks etc) not exceeding 5 yr
  intervals

48
Apparatus and Equipment

• Refurbishing apparatus
• Level I new frame, cab, front axle, steering and
  suspension components minimum all must comply
  with current NFPA 1901
• Level II not as extensive as Level I must comply
  only with standard in effect when vehicle was
  originally manufactured.

49
Apparatus and Equipment

• Ground Ladders
• NFPA 1931 standard on design
• NFPA 1932 use, maintenance, testing
• Annual testing or as indicated
• Hose and Nozzles
• NFPA has standards for each and should be
  followed