Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha

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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
(CSISA)Objective 2J.K. Ladha
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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Ecological Intensification
Hubs Platform Inputs
ICRM (CA)
Training/CCA
Farmer
Customized System Solutions
System Varieties R, W, M
Policies
Market
Public Private Partnership
Development and Evaluation of Options
Process Research
Delivery
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CSISA-Objective 2
Outline

1. Background Thinking
2. Activities

3. Site of Action, CS Targets 4. Experimental
Platform Design 5. Performance Target Indicators
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CSISA-Objective 2
Crop and Resource Management Practices for
Sustainable Future Cereal Based System

• Conservation Agriculture/RCT

• Ecological Intensification

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Conservation Agriculture (CA)

• CA promotes minimum disturbance of soil by zero
  or reduced tillage, balanced and crop need based
  application of chemical inputs, and skilful
  management of crop residues and wastes.

Ecological Intensification (EI)

• Evidence-based process of identifying best
  management practices for innovative crop
  production systems through high-quality
  scientific research and participatory evaluation.

• Measurable indicators and corresponding reference
  values for productivity profitability, resource
  efficiency, sustainability, ecological resilience
  and environmental performance.

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Underlined Assumption

• Conservation tillage with other best practices
  can help meet the food demand, protect the
  environment and provide income to the farmer.

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Integrated Crop and Resource Management Ecologica
l Intensification
Crop Management
NRM
Conservation and efficient use of natural
resources
Productivity with optimal external inputs
Variety Fertilizer Pesticides Labor Energy

• Land
• Leveling
• Tillage / CE
• Residue
• Water
• Climate

Conservation Agriculture
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CSISA Target Crop Rotations
(8.05 Mha)
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Objective 2 Activities
2.1 Participatory adaptation and improvement of
new technologies (those not yet ready for large
scale dissemination).

• 2.2 Analyze and design principal choices for
  cereal systems and their management and breeding
  targets
• 2.3 Process research to design next generation of
  cereal system and long-term analysis
  Experimental Plaform
• 2.4 Long-term performance analysis
• 2.5 Assessment of opportunities for livestock
  integration

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CSISA Objective 2.1 2.2
Minimally-tilled Dry Drill-Seeded Residue-Mulched
Cereal Production System that are Efficient in
Labor, Water, Energy, and N Fertilizer use
Land Preparation / Crop Establishment
System Tailored Genotypes
Pest Management
Residue Management
Adaptation improvement of ICRM/CA System
Nutrient Management (SSNM)
Water Management
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CSISA- Experimental Platforms

• Timeframe 10 years, with short- and medium-term
  objectives
• Few but innovative, forward-looking food or food
  energy production systems
• High cropping intensity 2 or more crops/year
• Production scale technologies large plots
• Follow conservation agriculture principles and
  develop new ones
• Full integration of elite germplasm
• Dynamic best management practices
• High-quality measurements
• Multi-disciplinary teams
• Capacity building

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CSISA Delivery Hubs Research Platforms
Pakistan
Nepal
India
Bangladesh
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Platforms Outputs

1. Design experimental platforms and select key
   sites
2. Four experimental platforms established
3. System Performance quantified
4. Systems fine-tuned and promising options
   recommended for on-farm testing
5. Simulation modeling to assess system performance
   and impact of new technology (R, W, M)
6. Integrate crop-models into household-level models
   to assess livelihood impact.

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Experimental Platform- Concept and Design
Crop rotation Most popular Most popular Most popular Most popular Emerging Up-and-coming
External input use (CM)
Natural input use and conservation (NRM or RCTs)
Farmers practice Best available practice Farmer practice Best available practice Best available practice Up-and-coming
Farmer practice Farmer practice Best available practice Best available practice Best available practice Up-and-coming
Current - 1 Current - 2 Current - 3 Futuristic 1 Futuristic - 2 Futuristic - 3
Essential Essential Desirable Essential Essential Essential
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Performance Indicators and Targets
S. No Indicator
1 Cropping intensity ()
2 Tillage
3 Planting (Labor use efficiency)
4 Grain yield ( of climatic potential)
5 WUE (kg grain m3 water)
6 Irrigation water use (l/kg grain)
7 NUE AEN REN
8 Biocide residue index
9 Specific energy (Mj/kg)
10 Crop health index
11 Soil health quality score
12 GWP (Kg CO2 equi/ha)
13 Net income (US /ha)
14 By product (straw) use livestock Energy
L-M
M-H
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EM Survey
Mode Depth of recording (m)
EM 31 Vertical 6.0
EM 31 Horizontal 3.0
EM 38 Vertical 1.5
EM 38 Horizontal 0.75
EM 31

• Under normal condition
• Highest conductivity readings represent high
  clay content and low drainage
• Elevated reading indicate potential saline
  condition
• Low conductivity readings indicate relatively
  coarse textured soils and good drainage

EM 38
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EM Survey Karnal

• Karnal Research Platform
• Total survey area 3.6 ha
• Three management zones
• EM38- horizontal and vertical and EM
  31-horizontal conducted
• Conductivity range 12 mS/m to 123 mS/m
• Good correlation between EM 38 and EM 31
• North-western part has not been reclaimed and
  had high EM values
• Total area was divided in 4 EM zones
• Soil Samples upto 2 m depth collected from all
  zones
• Analysis will be conducted at IRRI India
  central laboratory in Modipuram

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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
Objective 2
Experimental Platform
Major Activities

• Developing crop and resource management practices
  for sustainable future cereal based systems
• Evaluating Weed Management Solutions For Zero
  Till Direct Seeded Rice
• Systems and Nitrogen Use Efficient Crops to
  Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia
• Evaluation of rice varieties/hybrids under zero
  till and mechanized direct seeded condition

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Cropping System- Karnal
Nov Dec Jan Feb Marc April May June July Aug Sept Oct
CT-TPR
CT-BCW
Scenario 1
CT-TPR-ICRM (Mungbean straw incorporated)
ZT-DSW (anchored stubbles 15 cm rice)
Scenario 2
ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles 10 cm wheat)
ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles 10 cm wheat)
ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles 10 cm wheat)
ZT-DSR (Mungbean straw retention)
Scenario 3
ZT-DSW (Full residue rice)
ZT-DSMu (anchored stubbles 30 cm wheat)
ZT-DSM (Mungbean straw retention)
Scenario 4
ZT-DSW (50 stubbles of maize)
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Layout of Research Platform
Weedy plot
Tube well
Crop biomass
Crop health
Scenario 4
Weed plots
Rep 1
Rep 1
Rep 1
Scenario 3
Farm Building
Tube well
Scenario 2
Scenario 1
Crop Health
Scenario 3
Rep 2
Scenario 1
5 x 5m
Scenario 2
5 x 3m
Weedy
Weed free
Scenario 4
Scenario 3
Crop Biomass
Actual
50m
50m
50m
Rep 3
Scenario 4
100 m
Scenario 2
Scenario 1
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Details of Different Scenarios
Scenarios Drivers of change Crop rotations Tillage Crop establishment
Scenario 1 Business as usual Rice-wheat (current) CT-CT Transplanted-broadcast
Scenario 2 Increasing food demand Rice-wheat -mungbean CT-ZT-ZT Transplanted-drill-seeding
Scenario 3 Increasing food demand, Degrading natural resources, energy and labor crises Rice-wheat-Mungbean ZT-ZT-ZT Drill-seeding
Scenario 4 Food and nutritional security, farm profitability and improved quality of natural resources, higher input use efficiency Maize-wheat-Mungbean (futuristic) ZT-ZT-ZT Drill-seeding
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Data Recording

• Crop health
• Soil health
• Environmental health (Green house gas studies)
• Agronomic/Yield paraments
• Input Efficiency
• Water balance
• Bench mark surveys
• Weed dynamics and management
• Economics
• Crop, soil, water modelling
• PhD student at each site

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Time and energy requirement under different
scenarios for wheat sowing
Scenarios Tractor run (hr/ha) Fuel consumption (l/ha) Energy requirement (MJ/ha)
1 4.67 41.30 3056
2 2.08 6.00 343
3 3.40 12.75 726
4 3.75 12.75 726
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Weed Management in DSR Karnal
Karnal 2009 Cultivar CSR-36 (135-140 days) Date
of sowing 19 June, 2009 Hand weeding 35 DAS
T1 Pendi (Pre) fb azim (post) T2 Pyrozosulfuron
(pre) fb bispy (post) T3 Penoxsulam (post) T4
Bispyribac (post) T5 Fenoxapropazim (post)
T6 Propanil triclopyr (post) T7 Pendi (pre)
sesbania co-culture T10 Bispyazim (post) T11
weed free T12 Weedy
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DSR Varietal/ lines Screening (Obj. 3)- 2009
Early Variety (110-125) Early Variety (110-125) Early Variety (110-125) Mid Early Variety (125-145) Mid Early Variety (125-145) Mid Early Variety (125-145)
Name of Variety Source Yield t/ha Name of Variety Source Yield t/ha
Arize-6129 Bayer 7.81 NK6320 Syngenta India, Ltd 7.29
P09-023 MAHYCO 6.99 NK6410 Syngenta India, Ltd 6.77
Pant Dhan-16 Pantnagar 6.85 Pant Dhan-11 GBPUAT, Pantnagar 6.62
IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-5-1-1 IRRI 6.62 PHB71 POC,Ltd ,Hyderabad 6.62
CR 2706-171-14-1-4-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6303 Syngenta India, Ltd 6.47
CR 2701-118-40A-1-3-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6754 Syngenta India, Ltd 6.40
Pusa RH-10 IARI 6.10 Arize 97158 Syngenta India, Ltd 6.25
IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-1-1-1 IRRI 6.10 RH-664 Devgen seeds Pvt. Ltd 6.18
IR 84896-159-CRA-25-1-1-1 IRRI 6.10 27P31 POC,Ltd, Hyderabad 6.10
26P26 POC ltd 5.95 P09-024 MAHYCO , Hyderabad 5.95
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Crop Establishment in different scenarios
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 4
Scenario 3
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Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010
Scenario Variety Date of Nursery Date of Transpalnting/ Sowing Seedling age No. of irrigation till date Total irrigation hrs
Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice
1. Pusa 44 May 30 July 4 35 27 48
2. Arize 6444 May 30 June 25 26 24 44
3. Arize 6129 DSR June 18 14 26
Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize Maize
4. NK 6240 DSM July 6 2 3