Wangari Maathai - Resources and Conflict http://youtube.com/watch?v=dA0qGlnc-30

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Global Climate Change and Conflict
Wangari Maathai - Resources and
Conflicthttp//youtube.com/watch?vdA0qGlnc-30
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Carbon cycle
CB 54.17
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http//www.esr.org/outreach/climate_change/basics/
basics.html
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CO2 and other greenhouse gases keep heat from
radiating back into space
http//www.esr.org/outreach/climate_change/basics/
basics.html
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Ecological Restoration and Global Climate
Change J. Harris, R. Hobbs, E. Higgs, and J.
Aronson Restoration Ecology Vol. 14, No. 2, pg.
170176 June 2006
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Mismatches an example

• Great tit (relative of the chickadee)
• Common in Europe
• Studied in detail since the 1950s by scientists
  at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology.

Information Grossman, D. 2003, Spring Forward,
Scientific American, 85-91. http//www.sciencenews
forkids.org/articles/20030723/a106_1511.jpg
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• Tits lay eggs at the same time that they did in
  1985 mid-spring (4/16 to 5/15)
• Since 1985 spring temperatures have risen about
  2oC
• Tits primary food is the winter moth caterpillar
  (below)
• Caterpillar production is 2 weeks earlier in 2002
  than in 1985

Grossman, D. 2003, Spring Forward, Scientific
American, 85-91.
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Grossman, D. 2003, Spring Forward, Scientific
American, 85-91.
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Restoring a disturbed ecosystem to historical
conditions may not be valid as ecosystems change.
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It is increasingly likely that the next century
will be characterized by shifts in global weather
patterns and climate regimes.
precipitation changes
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CB 55.2
Genetic diversity is needed within species and
ecosystems to ensure continued survival under
rapidly changing conditions.
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The past is no longer a prescriptive guide for
what might happen in the future.
precipitation changes
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CB 52.22
Human Population Growth
If everyone on earth consumed at the rate of the
average American, we would need 6 planet earths
to supply the resources. http//sustainability.pub
licradio.org/consumerconsequences/
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CB 54.11
Energy is lost in each consumer the 10 rule
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CB 54.14
Human impact As consumers
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Use of agriculture in the U.S.About 1/2 of water
and 80 of agricultural land is used for raising
animals.
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Fossil Fuels Producing beef consumes over 100
times more fossil fuel than producing
potatoes. The typical American could save almost
as much gas by going vegetarian as by not driving.
http//bicycleuniverse.info/transpo/beef.html
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The connection between resources and armed
conflict Darfur
http//www.ushmm.org/conscience/analysis/details.p
hp?content2005-11-25page1menupageSudantop
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Changes in precipitation 1900-2000
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Drought in the northern part of Darfur forced
nomadic groups to immigrate southwards in search
of water and herding ground, which resulted in
conflict with sedentary tribes.
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Nomadic herders
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Farmers in Darfur
http//www.usaid.gov/stories/sudan/ss_sudan_crop.h
tml
http//gbgm-umc.org/umcor-hotline/20050802.cfm
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The extent of the drought forced many Darfurian
tribes to change their Nomadic lifestyle and seek
settlement in lands considered by other tribes as
their Dar or homeland. The decades of drought led
to migration of more nomads into Darfur in search
of water and grass.
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The population of Darfur is generally divided
into Arabs and non-Arabs. The separation along
such lines is probably more based on cultural
heritage than on true ethnic separation. Although
what is called Arabic tribes may have some Arabic
roots, generations of immigration and
intermarriage have rendered such separation
almost meaningless.
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"Militia talks could reshape conflict in Darfur"
by L. Polgreen The New York Times (April 15,
2007)
Adam Shogar, a commander of the Sudan Liberation
Army, the non-Arab rebels at the center of the
Darfur conflict, stretched a coal-black arm at
Yassine Yousef Abdul Rahman, his copper-skinned,
brown-eyed counterpart from an Arab insurgent
group, studying him carefully with midnight eyes.
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The struggle in Darfur has often been portrayed
as one between Arabs and black Africans, nomads
and farmers, with the former bent on slaughtering
the latter. But the conflict has never been that
simple.
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There is an essential need to address the root
cause of the problem competition over dwindling
natural resources.
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The nomads and farmers have depended on each
other for centuries to survive on some of the
world's most forbidding terrain. Farmers allowed
herders to traverse their lands, and the herders
brought milk and meat. They also transported farm
goods to markets, and traded durable goods not
usually available in remote farming villages. The
farmers bartered those items for vegetables and
grain.
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Solutions to the violence in Darfur must consider
the environmental factors behind the conflict.
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What are the two most basic resources necessary
for biodiversity?
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Restoring ecosystems must begin with the basics
water and space
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CB 55.22
Truckee River, Nevada- Water diversions reduced
flow. Increased flows during willow and
cottonwood seed release season allowed recovery
of riparian ecosystem.
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CB 55.22
Kissimmee River, Florida- Had been turned into a
90 km canal. About 24 km of the river has been
restored.
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CB 55.22
Rhine River, Europe- dredging for ships reduced
biodiversity. Side channels are being
reintroduced to allow species to recover.
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CB 54.17
Water cycle
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Stream restoration in urban catchments through
redesigning stormwater systems looking to the
catchment to save the stream C. Walsh, T.
Fletcher, and A. Ladson J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc.,
2005, 24(3)690705
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Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization
has usually been attempted by enhancement of
instream habitat or riparian zones.
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Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization
has usually been attempted by enhancement of
instream habitat or riparian zones.
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Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization
has usually been attempted by enhancement of
instream habitat or riparian zones.
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Recent studies of urban impacts on streams in
Melbourne, Australia, on water chemistry, algal
biomass, diatoms and invertebrates, suggest that
the primary degrading process to streams in many
urban areas is effective imperviousness.
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The direct connection of impervious surfaces to
streams means that even small rainfall events can
produce sufficient surface runoff to cause
frequent disturbance.
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Where impervious surfaces are not directly
connected to streams, small rainfall events are
intercepted and infiltrated.
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http//www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm
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A wet retention pond to filter pollutants and
buffer and maintain stream flow
http//www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm
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Roadside swales can increase water filtration
http//www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm
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Inlet screens for filtering large debris
http//www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm
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Baffle boxes to remove sediment
http//www.brevstorm.org/watershed.cfm
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Restoration of streams degraded by urbanization
has usually been attempted by enhancement of
instream habitat or riparian zones.
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The use of alternative drainage methods, which
maintain a near-natural frequency of surface
runoff from the catchment, is the best approach
to stream restoration in urban areas.
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Conflicts over resources are predicted to
intensify. Reduced resource exploitation can
help mitigate these conflicts.