??-???????(constituents)

1
????

• ?????

2
??-??????(??)

• ??-???????????????,????????????,?????????????
• ???-???????????????
• ??-???????(constituents)

3
?????

• ????-????????????
• ????-????????????????????????
• ????-?????????
• ?????-????,????(?)?
• ??-?????????,??????????,?????????

4
????????

• ???-?????????????,????????????,???
• ?????(Primary metabolites)-??????,?????????????
• ?????(Secondary metabolites)-??????,?????????????
• ??????????????????????

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• ??(Constituents)-primary and secondary metabolite
  from plants and animals
• ????(Active constituents)-????????(Polysaccharide
  s)????(Glycosides)???(Lipids)??(?)?(Terpenoids)???
  ??(Phenylpropanoids)????(Alkaloids)
• ????(Inert Constituents)- ?????????(Lignin)????(su
  berin) ?????????, ?? ??, ???, ????????

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???????????

1. ??????!
2. ??????? to prevent from grazing by animals just
   as the same as sharp thorns (such as alkaloids
   and tannins)
3. ????????????

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• ??????may be-
• ?????-??(Glycosides)???(Lipids)??(?)?(Terpenoids)?
  ????(Phenylpropanoids)????(Alkaloids), and
  ??(peptides)
• ???-??, ???, ???, ?, ??, and ????

8
??

• ??????????????
• ??????,????-?????????????-??????????????(glycosi
  dic)???????
• ?????????(Homoglycan)????(Heteroglycan)
• Ps.??-?????????,?????,?????
• Homoglycan ??????????
• Heteroglycan ???????????

9
???????

• ?????????,??????????,?????????????
• ???-???(furanose)
• ???-???(pyranose)

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D-Sugars with linear form in Fischers projection
(ps. D-OH next to the CH2OH)
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Anomerization of sugars
???
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Furanose form
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Pyranose form
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Sugar derivatives
Sugar Uronic acid Aldonic
acid Aminosugar
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??? Polysaccharides

• Cellulose Glucoses polymerized by b-1,4 linkage

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Starch - Glucoses conjugated with a-1,4 and/or
a-1,6 linkages
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• ??(Inulin)?Fructose?ß-2,1??,???Glucose?
• ???(Lichenin)??Glucose?ß-1,3????,??????
• ?????(Dextran)??Glucose?a-1,6?????
• ??(Pectin)??Galacturonic acid?a-1,4?????
• ??(Glycogen)??Glucose?Amylopectin????
• ???(Chitin)??ß-1,4???N-acetyl-D-glycosamine?

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• ??(Gum)?????(Tragacanth)?????(Acacia)??
• ???(Mucilage)????(Agar)????(Psyllium
  seed)????(Hibiscus)????(Althea)??
• ????????????,??????????????,??????????????!

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???Semen Sterculiae

• ??-??? Sterculiaceae?????Sterculia scaphigera
  WALL?????
• ??-??????
• ??-?????????????????????????,???? ?????????

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• ??-?????????(bassorin)? ????(arabinose) ????
  (galactose ) ??????(galacturonic acid )
• ??-????????,????,??,???(????,??,???,??,??,??,????
  ,??,????)
• ??-????
• ??-?????????????
• ???????? ?,???????????????????????????

21
???

• ??-???(Cucurbitaceae)????Trichosanthes kirilowii
  Maxim.?????Trichosanthes japonica Regel?????
• ??-???????????????????????????????????
• ??-???????

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(No Transcript)
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• ??-
• Proteintrichosanthin(?????)?
• Amino acids aspartic acid, threonine, serine,
  glutamic acid, glycine???????
• Polysaccharidstrichosans A, B, C, D?
• Sterolstigmasterol
• Plant agglutinin (???) TK I, TK II, TK II
• ????-???????????????????????????
• ??-????,???????????,????,????,?????

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• ????
• ????-?????,?????,????????????????????
• ?????-????????,????????????,????
• ?????-?????,????,??????,?????,???????,?????????

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• ????
• ????????,???????????
• ????????????????,??????,????,????????????????????
  ???????????????????????
• ?????????????,??????,???????????,?????
• ???????????????

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??

• ??-??????Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f.
  ?????
• ??-????????????????????????????????????????
• ??-?????,??????????????????

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(No Transcript)
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??

• ???????(Mucous polysaccharide)
  bletilla-glucomannan
• Phenanthrenes (??) 4,7-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-1-p-hy
  droxybenzyl-9,10- dihydrophenanthrene?4,7-dihydrox
  y-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene
• Phenolics (??) 3,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-2,
  6-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)bibenzyl?3,3-dihydroxy-5-me
  thoxy-2,5,6-tris(p-hydroxybenzyl)bibenzyl?3
  -hydroxy-5,3-dimethoxy-2,6-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)bi
  benzyl?

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(No Transcript)
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• ??-????,???????????,????,????,?????????,?????????
  ??615 g????36 g?????
• ???????-????,????,???????????
• ??-???????????,?????,????????,???????,?????

31
??

• ?? ??(Amaranthaceae)?????Achyranthes bidentata
  Blume?????
• ?? ???????????????????,???,?????????????????????
  ??????????????,???????,????????????????,?????,????
  ?
• ?? ??????????????????????????,????????

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• ??-??,???????????????
• ??-????oleanolic acid????????(ectysterone,
  ß-ectysterone, inokosterone)
• ??-??????,?????? ??? ??????????
• ??-???????
• ??-???????????,????????,????Cyathula
  capitata????????,?????????

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(No Transcript)
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? ?

• ??-???(Rhamnaceae)????Zizyphus jujuba Mill.
  ???????????
• ??-??,???????
• ??-???,???????,???????
• ??-???????????
• ??-????????????????????????
• ????-????Z. jujuba Mill. var. inermis ? Z.
  mauritiana Lam.?????????

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??-

1. ??D-fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, arabinan,
   pectin
2. ??zizybeoside I, II?vomifoliol?roseoside?zizyvosi
   de I, II?rutin (flavonol glycoside)
   ?6,8-di-(C)-glucosylnaringenin?
3. ???(Soponins)zizyphus saponin IIII, jujuboside
   B
4. Triterpenesoleanolic acid, maslinic acid,
   betulonic acid, betulinic acid, ursolic acid
5. ???stepharine, N-nor-nuciferine, asimiolobine

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(Alkaloids)
Saponin
???
????
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???

• ??-????? (Solanaceae)????Lycium chinensis MILL.
  ???????????????
• ??-??????????????????
• ??-?????
• ??-?????????(betaine)????(atropine)????(hyoscyami
  ne),???????(zeaxanthin)?carotene,???thiamine?nic
  otinic acid?ascorbic acid
• ??-????,??,??,??,??,??,????,????

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• ??-??????????????????
• ??-????????????????

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(No Transcript)
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???

• ??-????? (Solanaceae)????Lycium chinensis MILL.
  ????????????
• ??-???,?????????????
• ??-??????????????(kukoamine)????(hyciumamide),???
  
• ??-????????,???
• ??-?????????????????????????????????????????
• ??-????????

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(No Transcript)
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??

• ??-??????(Liliaceae)?????
• ??Polygonatum sibricum Red. ???????????
• ????P. cyrtonema Hua?????????
• ???P. kingianum Coll. Et Hemsl. ????
• ??-?????,???????,???????
• ??-????,????

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???? P. multiflorum
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• ??
• ?????????
• ?????azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, aspartic acid,
  homoserine, diaminobutyric acid ?Digitalis
  glycosides (?)??????(anthraquinones)
• ????P. falcatum ????(polygonaquinone) ????

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• ??-
• ????,????-???????????,??????,?????
• ????,????,??????????????????????,????????????
• ??-????????????????

46
????

• ??-????(Clavicipitaceae)????(Cordyceps
  sinensis)?????????,?????????(??)????
• ??-???????????,???????
• ??-?????,?????

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? ?

• ??? (polysaccharides) ?????????? (mannoglucan,
  Mw 7700)?CSP-1 (Mw. 2.1x105, glucose mannose
  galactose 10.60.75)?cordyglucans (ß1?3
  linkaged D-glucan)
• Piperazine???? 3-acetamino-6-isobutyl-2,5-dioxopi
  perazine (1), 3-isopropyl-6-isobutyl-2,5-dioxopipe
  razine (2) and 3,6-di(4-hydroxy)
  benzyl-2,5-dioxopiperazine (3) (Chem. Pharm.
  Bull. 2005, 53, 582-3.)
• ?? cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine)

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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?? Poria

• ??
• ???????????Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf,?????????????,
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????

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(No Transcript)
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??-

1. Polysaccharide ß-pachymaran (????),glucopyranose
   ß1?3?????
2. Triterpenoids lanostane type triterpenes
   (pachymic acid, tumulosic acid, eburicoic acid,
   polyporenic acid C)?3,4-secolanostane-type
   poricoic acid A, B, C, D, E, F, AM, BM, DM
3. ??choline, histidine, glucose

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• ??-????????????????
• ??-
• 1. ??????,???????????,?????????,?????????
• 2. ??????,?????(???),?????(???)