CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND ELECTIVE COURSES -ENGLISH UNIT-

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CANKAYA UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF BASIC AND
ELECTIVE COURSES-ENGLISH UNIT-
VOCABULARY PRESENTATION FOR ENG 205 COURSE WEEK
5,6,7
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WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS UNIT IS ABOUT?
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UNIT 3

• GLOBALIZATION

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What is globalization?

• Globalization is a process of interaction and
  integration among the people, companies, and
  governments of different nations, a process
  driven by international trade and investment and
  aided by information technology

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YOUR TURN!

• 1-Has globalization affected your country?
• Think about the changes in recent years in
• Job opportunities
• Culture
• Fashion
• Ideas
• 2-Do you think your country needs to be protected
  from the effects of globalization?

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YOUR TURN!

• WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES OF
  GLOBALIZATION?

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YOUR TURN!

• ADVANTAGES
• Integration of markets Markets are interlinked-
  European Union
• Cheaper Products for Consumer Trainers are
  Cheap
• Lowering of international Bariers Now European
  Union can Trade with ASEAN and NAFTA.
• Providing jobs in LEDC's and help develop
  economy (less Economically Developed Countries)
• Standardization of products coke and McDonalds

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YOUR TURN!

• DISADVANTAGES
• Intense Competition Cheaper Products for
  Consumer Trainers are Cheap
• Widening of Gap between rich and poor countries
• Harder for Smaller businesses to establish
  themselves
• Exploitation of workers Paying the workers in
  LEDC's a fraction of what would be paid in to
  workers in LEDCs.
• Income generated in Host country is not always
  spent in the same country - money earned from
  supplying cheap call centres in India will not be
  spent in India but maybe in UK or US.

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LISTENING
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globalization(n)

• Word Formation globalize (v)
• Definition the process of making something,
  such as a business, operate in a lot of different
  countries all around the world
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex Globalization may lead to destruction of
  local customs and culture.
• Ex Some people think that the spread of English
  as an international language is another result of
  globalization.
• Ex In order to earn more, most companies try to
  globalize.

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colonialism(n)
A supporter of colonialism

• Word Formation colonialist
• Definition when a powerful country rules a
  weaker one, and establishes its own trade and
  society there
• Synonyms imperialism
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex As with the other institutions in the 3rd
  World, education has been heavily influenced by
  colonialism.
• ExIn the 18th century, many countries were
  colonialist, and try to find colonies to meet
  their needs.
• Ex As a result of colonialism, workforce in the
  developing countries are mostly exploited.

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social justice(n)

• Word Formation
• Definition The fair and proper administration
  of laws that all persons, irrespective of ethnic
  origin, gender, possessions, race, religion,
  etc., are to be treated equally and without
  prejudice.
• Ex Social justice is based on the idea of a
  society which gives individuals and groups fair
  treatment and share of the benefits of society.

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commodity(n)

• Word Formation -
• Definition a product that is bought and sold.
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations commodity-producing(adj),
  basic/primary/agricultural commodity , buy/sell
  commodity
• Ex The prices of agricultural commodities
  increased suddenly in the winter.
• Ex Unlike oil, most Third World commodities are
  not essential to the West any ore.
• Ex Its clear that most of the
  commodity-producing countries suffer from
  colonialism.

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multinational(adj)

• Word Formation multinational (n)
• Definition a multinational company has
  factories, offices, and business activities in
  many different countries
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations multinational company/firm/corporate
  
• Ex The growth of multinational corporations
  provided an increase in investment in foreign
  countries.
• ExWith multinational firms, its hard to say
  where profits are actually earned
• Ex Multinationals have made large investments in
  Thailand

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poverty(n)

• Word Formation -
• Definition the situation or experience of being
  poor
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations severe/extreme poverty,
  suffer/fight/reduce poverty
• Ex Seven out of every ten Guatemalans live in
  poverty and half cannot read and write.
• Ex We need an effective strategy to fight
  poverty
• Ex Poverty and unemployment are two of the
  biggest causes of crime

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labour-saving(adj)

• Word Formation -
• Definition making it easier for you to do a
  particular job
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations labour-saving device/gadget/equipme
  nt
• Ex After the luxury of labour-saving devices,
  its too hard to go back to the old ways.
• Ex There are many labour-saving gadgets for the
  farmers now, so they dont have to do everything
  by human force.
• Ex If you can afford it, buy some labour-saving
  devices, like a washing machine.

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corruption(n)

• Word Formation -
• Definition dishonest, illegal, or immoral
  behaviour esp. from someone with power
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations widespread corruption
• Ex The officials were charged with bribery and
  corruption
• Ex The investigation uncovered widespread
  corruption within the police force
• Ex The countrys government has been accused of
  corruption and abuse of power

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vary(v)

• Word Formation -
• Definition if several things of the same type
  vary, they are all different from each other
• Synonyms differ
• Antonym -
• Collocations vary from..to.. , vary according
  to , very greatly/significantly/slightly
• Ex Test scores vary from school to school.
• Ex Charges vary according to size.
• Ex Medical treatment varies greatly from state
  to state.

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turnover(n)

• Word Formation -
• Definition the amount of business done during a
  particular period
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations turnover of, high/large/total/annua
  l turnover, insrease turnover, turnover fall
• Ex The drugs industry has an annual turnover of
  200bn.
• Ex Last year, they increased turnover by nearly
  100m.
• Ex The companys turnover for 2009 fell to 80m,
  from nearly 95m the previous year.

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LISTENING
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LISTENING

• Indira Prabhu is an economist from India. She is
  being interviewed about globalization.
• 1. What do you think her views will be on the
  following topics
• Globalization as colonialism
• Social justice
• The relationship between commodity-producing
  countries and multinationals

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LISTENING

• 2. Indira Prabhus views on
• Globalization as colonialism
• She does not agree that globalization is the
  new face of colonialism. On the contrary, she
  thinks that it is the best way of fighting
  poverty.

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LISTENING

• 2. Indira Prabhus views on
• Social justice
• Workers will eventually demand social reforms
  and conditions will improve.
• Poor working conditions are the effect of
  poverty in the country itself, not of
  globalization.

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LISTENING

• 2. Indira Prabhus views on
• The relationship between commodity-producing
  countries and multinationals
• Multinationals take advantage of
  commodity-producing countries and dictate low
  prices which do not reflect the value of the
  products.

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LISTENING

• 3. Now, Indira discusses the impact globalization
  has had on developed countries.
• Listen and answer the questions.
• 1-According to her, who has most to fear from
  globalization?
• 2-What does the interviewer say is a main worry
  for the West?
• 3-What is the main reason for job losses in the
  USA?

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LISTENING

• 3. ANSWERS
• 1-According to her, who has most to fear from
  globalization?
• People in the West / in developed countries have
  most to fear from globalization
• 2-What does the interviewer say is a main worry
  for the West?
• Parents are worried that their childrens lives
  will be harder than their own. There are also
  people who have become unemployed because their
  jobs have gone abroad.
• 3-What is the main reason for job losses in the
  USA?
• Labour-saving efficiencies, not companies moving
  abroad.

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LISTENING

• 4. Listen to Part C and answer the questions.
• 1-What problems are created when countries export
  knowledge?
• 2-How does Indira feel about the move into the
  service sector?
• 3-How can developed countries maintain their
  world position?

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LISTENING

• 4. ANSWERS
• 1-What problems are created when countries export
  knowledge?
• If poorer countries gain knowledge, they can
  overtake rich countries because they will have
  both know-how and cheaper labour and production
  costs.
• 2-How does Indira feel about the move into the
  service sector?
• She thinks that the service sector will not be
  enough to support a developed economy it needs
  manufacturing as well.
• 3-How can developed countries maintain their
  world position?
• They can maintain their world position by
  continuing to invest in innovation.

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LISTENING

• 5.
• How far do you agree with what Indira said?
• Were you surprised by any of her views?

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READING
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GDP(gross domestic product)

• Word Formation -
• Definition the total value of all goods and
  services produced in a country in one year,
  except for income received from abroad
• Ex The GDP of India is about 60 bn, and the
  government is trying to increase it.

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GNP(gross national product)

• Word Formation -
• Definition the total value of all goods and
  services produced in a country, usually in a
  single year

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distribution channel

• Word Formation -
• Definition a way of selling a company's product
  either directly or via distributors
• Ex The company has decided to change its
  distribution channels, because they believe that
  the reason why they cannot reach the customers is
  them.
• Ex Possible distribution channels are
  wholesalers or small retailers or retail chains
  or direct mailers or your own stores.
• Ex What is the extent of your distribution
  channel?

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joint venture ( n.phr. )

• Word Formation -
• Definition A partnership or conglomerate,
  formed often to share risk or expertise
• Ex In A joint venture between the film companies
  to produce TV shows, they share the risk of
  failure
• Ex Avea is a joint venture between Aria and
  Aycell.

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disposable income( )

• Word Formation -
• Definition income (after taxes, bills, etc.)
  that is available to you for saving or spending
• Ex Do consumers have enough disposable income in
  Turkey?
• Ex The percentage of disposable income spent at
  supermarkets has declined since 1980s.
• Ex To provide welfare among people, the
  government is planning to pay additional
  disposable income.

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economic outlook( )

• Word Formation -
• Definition general attitude to economy
• Ex At the end of 19th century, economic outlook
  began to improve in the US.
• Ex The economic outlook of Japan is manly based
  on the production of machines.
• Ex Most companies need international economic
  outlook to improve.

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consumer base( n.phr.)

• Word Formation -
• Definition It refers to the clients to whom a
  business sells products and servicesEx A
  company should analyze its consumer base to
  identifty the number of currently active
  customers and to understand their purchase
  behaviours.

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development zone( n.phr. )

• Word Formation
• Definition refers to an area, especially in or
  near a city, where the government tries to
  encourage economic development by offering
  financial advantages to people who start
  companies, factories, etc. there
• Ex Nationwide, almost 4,000 industrial parks and
  development zones are under construction.

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hurdle(n)

• Word Formation -
• Definition An obstacle or difficulty to be
  overcome
• Synonyms obstacle
• Antonym -
• Collocations overcome/clear/get over a hurdle
• Ex Finding enough money for the project was the
  first hurdle.
• Ex There are several hurdles to get over in
  someones career.
• Ex His biggest hurdle to get the job will be the
  interview.

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emerge(v)
being in the process of emerging or developing

• Word Formation emerging(adj)
• Definition to become known
• Synonyms appear
• Antonym -
• Collocations
• Ex Many details of the plan emerged at
  yesterdays meeting.
• Ex More research in consumer buying and
  behaviour in emerging electronic markets is
  needed.
• Ex The countrys emerging oil industry seems to
  be a good value in the near future.

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outstanding(adj)

• Word Formation outstandingly (adv)
• Definition very great or clear
• Synonyms noticable
• Antonym
• Collocations outstanding performance/success
• Ex Its certainly true that the project proved
  an outstanding success.
• Ex She did outstandingly well in the job
  interview. Im sure theyll hire her.
• Ex

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culminate(v)

• Word Formation culmination(n)
• Definition if a process culminates in or with a
  particular event, it ends with that event
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations culminate in / with
• Ex These efforts will culminate in the success
  of the project.
• Ex This book represents the culmination of 15
  years work
• Ex This company is very important for him
  because it is the culmination of a lot of effort
  and time.

Culmination of sth Something that happens at the
aned of a long period of effort or development
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fertile(adj)

• Word Formation -
• Definition Highly or continuously productive
• Synonyms prolific
• Antonym infertile
• Collocations -
• Ex There are a lot of fertile areas in the East
  part of Turkey.
• Ex This are is infertile, so we didnt clear it
  for cultivation.
• Ex Some developing countries are really fertile
  markets for multinational companies.

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strive for(v)

• Word Formation
• Definition make a great effort to achieve sth
• Synonyms
• Antonym
• Collocations always/constantly strive for
• Ex The company must constantly strive for more
  efficiency.
• Ex This is the nature of science, always
  striving for a set of rules and solutions
• Ex Commitment to health service means constantly
  striving for better ways.

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prudent(adj)

• Word Formation
• Definition sensible and careful, esp by trying
  to avoid risks
• Synonyms
• Antonym
• Collocations
• Ex Its more prudent, more rational and more
  natural to use organic materials.
• Ex If you want to run a business abroa, you
  should be prudent. Their customs and values may
  be different.
• Ex

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determined (adj)

• Word Formation -
• Definition having a strong desire to do sth
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations determined to ...
• Ex He is determined to be the best jazz musician
  ever.
• Ex The company is determined to be the leading
  one in the textile industry.
• Ex They have just set up the business,however,
  they are determined to be the best in the country.

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estimate(v)

• Word Formation estimated (adj)
• Definition to try to judge the value, size,
  cost, etc. of sth wthout calculating it exactly
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations estimate that, be estimated to ...
• Ex Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life
  expactancy by around 12 years.
• Ex Based on estimated rates of inflation,
  employees will get a big salary increase.
• Ex At this point, the profit is estimated to be
  around 40 m.

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evaluate(v)

• Word Formation evaluation(n)
• Definition to judge how good, useful, or
  succesful something is
• Synonyms assess
• Antonym -
• Collocations carry out an evaluation , evaluate
  carefully
• Ex We need to evaluate the success of the
  campaign carefully
• Ex There wasnt enough time to evaluate the
  information before the meeting.
• Ex The managers are carrying out an evaluation
  of the new system . They are assessing pros and
  cons.

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reveal(v)

• Word Formation -
• Definition to make known sth that was
  previously unknown or secret
• Synonyms -
• Antonym conceal
• Collocations -
• Ex A succesful test can reveal a managers
  skills.
• Ex The company has just revealed its plans for
  the coming year, including the opening of new
  offices in Paris.
• Ex The rates declared at the end of the year
  revealed the GDP of the country.

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expand(v)

• Word Formation expansion(n)
• Definition if a company, business expands, or
  someone expands it, they open new shops,
  factories, etc.
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations economic/great/international
  expansion, expand greatly/rapidly
• Ex The hotel wants to expand its business by
  opening new hotels in various parts of the world.
• Ex The computer industry has expanded greatly
  over the last decade.
• Ex The food industry underwent a period of
  expansion.

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distinct(adj)

• Word Formation distinction(n)
• Definition clearly different or belonging to a
  different type
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations distinct types/groups/categories ,
  distinct from
• Ex The European Union is made up of 15 nations
  with distinct cultural, linguistic and economic
  roots.
• Ex The target audience of two hospitality groups
  are quite distinct from each other.
• Ex There was a distinct local advertising market
  to support the company.

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commit(v)

• Word Formation commitment(n)
• Definition to promise or give your loyalty,
  time or money to a particular principle, person
  or plan of action
• Ex Like so many men, he has problems committing
  himself to a relationship.
• Ex The government must commit itself to
  improving health care.
• Ex Once we have committed to this course of
  action there is no going back.

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READING

• 2. Scan the text and answer the questions.
• Which western multinational companies does the
  text mention?
• What is the significance of these numbers?

• 600 995bn 2.7bn 50 miles 365m 235 80m
  200

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2.1. Which western multinational companies does
the text mention?
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2.2. What is the significance of these numbers?

• 600 the number of women the LOreal researchers
  watched taking a shower
• 995bn GDP of China
• 2.7bn the value of the Chinese cosmetics market
• 50 miles the distance from Shanghai to the new
  economic development zone

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2.2. What is the significance of these numbers?

• 365m the urban population of China
• 235 the number of McDonalds in Chinese cities
• 80million the number of purchasers of LOreal
  products in China
• 200 the number of products LOreal tested

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READING

• 3. Read the text and answer the questions
• 1-What does LOreals bathroom research hope to
  achieve?
• 2-Why do you think Paolo Gasparini talks about
  Chinese pharmacies?
• 3-Why is China such an attractive market for
  foreign businesses?
• 4-What has China done to encourage foreign
  businesses to set up near Shanghai?
• 5-Why didnt LOreal enter the Chinese market
  earlier?

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READING

• 3. Read the text and answer the questions
• 6-How did LOreal plan its entry into the Chinese
  market?
• 7-How useful has LOreals joint venture with the
  Suzhou medical college been?
• 8-Maybelline, LOreal Paris, and Lancome are all
  brands of LOreal, but they are sold in china
  through different sale outlets. Why do you think
  this happens?
• 9-According to Paolo Gasparini, what is the
  difficulty and importance of recruiting good
  local staff?

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READING

• 3. ANSWERS
• 1-What does LOreals bathroom research hope to
  achieve?
• It intends to discover how Chinese women use the
  products LOreal is promoting
• 2-Why do you think Paolo Gasparini talks about
  Chinese pharmacies?
• The company is interested in using pharmacies as
  points of sales
• 3-Why is China such an attractive market for
  foreign businesses?
• It is a very large market with a growing spending
  power

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READING

• 3. ANSWERS
• 4-What has China done to encourage foreign
  businesses to set up near Shanghai?
• It has opened a new economic development zone
• 5-Why didnt LOreal enter the Chinese market
  earlier?
• Before the early 1990s it thought that the
  average incomes were too low and the distribution
  channels poor
• 6-How did LOreal plan its entry into the Chinese
  market?
• It tested about 200 products, launched a joint
  venture with a medical college and started an
  extensive RD programme

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READING

• 3. ANSWERS
• 7-How useful has LOreals joint venture with the
  Suzhou medical college been?
• It helped them to reformulate their products for
  the Chinese market
• 8-Maybelline, LOreal Paris, and Lancome are all
  brands of LOreal, but they are sold in china
  through different sale outlets. Why do you think
  this happens?
• They are aimed at different target markets who
  will make their purchases from different sales
  outlets

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READING

• 3. ANSWERS
• 9-According to Paolo Gasparini, what is the
  difficulty and importance of recruiting good
  local staff?
• The difficulty is in finding the right personnel
  since marketing is new to the country. Gasparini
  thinks having the right staff is the key to
  becoming market leader

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READING

• 4. Match a word from box A with one from Box B to
  form collocations from the text.
• Outstanding potential
• Economic outlook
• Production facility
• Distribution channel
• Development zone
• Consumer base
• Joint venture
• Disposable income

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READING

• 5. Complete the sentences with an appropriate
  collocation.
• Development zone
• Consumer base
• Production facility
• Economic outlook
• Disposable income
• Joint venture
• Distribution channel
• Outstanding potential

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WORKBOOK
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take advantage of something(phr.v)

• Word Formation -
• Definition to use a particular situation to do
  or get what you want
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations
• Ex I took advantage of good weather to paint the
  shed.
• Ex Some developing countries have important
  natural sources, but they dont know how to use
  them. At this point, developed countries take
  advantage of this situation and set up factories
  there.
• Ex Bill took advantage of his height and joined
  the basketball team.

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take place ( phr.v )

• Word Formation -
• Definition to happen , esp after being planned
  or arranged
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex The talks between two sides are still taking
  place.
• ExThe final exam will take place in June.
• Ex Major changes are taking place in society.

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take on ( phr.v. )

• Word Formation -
• Definition to agree to do some work or be
  responsible for something
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex Dont take on too much work. The extra cash
  isnt worth it.
• Ex We have taken on too much work lately. I hope
  we can handle it.
• Ex If you take on too much responsibility, you
  will most probably be stressed , which may lead
  to several problems.

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take over from ( phr.v )

• Word Formation
• Definition to begin to do something that
  someone else was doing
• Synonyms to replace
• Ex Jane took over as the director after Richard
  retired.
• Ex Can you take over the cooking while I walk
  the dog?

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take the opportunity ( phr.v)

• Word Formation -
• Definition do sth you have a chance to do
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex Several employees took the opportunity of
  retiring early.
• Ex A lot of students have taken the opportunity
  of turning back to school this semester
• Ex I took the opportunity of studying with Prof.
  Adams, which was an amazing experience.

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take part in (phr.v )

• Word Formation -
• Definition to be involved in an activity,
  sport, event, etc with other people
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex About 400 students took part in te protest.
• Ex Some of the executive managers didnt take
  part in the meeting yesterday.
• Ex She wanted to take part in the conference ,
  but she was ill.

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take up ( phr.v )

• Word Formation -
• Definition to start a new job or have a new
  responsibility
• Synonyms -
• Antonym -
• Collocations -
• Ex Peter will take up the management of the
  finance department
• Ex The company is planning to take up a few new
  departments.
• Ex

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take off (phr.v )

• Word Formation
• Definition to become successful or popular very
  fast
• Ex Her business has really taken off.

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