Living Systems

1
(No Transcript)
2
Living Systems
3
Chapter Three Classifying Living Things

• 3.1 Types of Living Things
• 3.2 Dichotomous Keys

4
3.1 Types of living things

• Living things are classified by similar
  characteristics.
• Each different type of organism is called a
  species.
• It is estimated that there are over ten million
  different species on Earth.

All of the same kind of dust mite are members of
a single species.
5
3.1 Classifying life

• One system of classification groups all living
  things into one of six kingdoms

• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista

6
3.1 Classifying life

• To classify a living thing into one of the
  kingdoms, scientists ask 3 questions
• Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or
  eukaryotic (complex) cells?
• Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular
  (many-celled)?
• Does it get energy by making its own food (as a
  producer) or by getting food from other organisms
  (as a consumer)?

7
(No Transcript)
8
3.1 Two kingdoms of bacteria

• Bacteria are the simplest of all living things.
• They are single-celled organisms and their cells
  do not have a nucleus.
• Some bacteria can produce their own food.
• Others break down food and absorb it.

Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
9
3.1 Protists

• Members of the Kingdom Protista are called
  protists.
• Protists are an odd group of organisms because
  they have many different characteristics.

10
3.1 Fungi

• Fungi are important because they break down
  rotting things and return the nutrients to the
  soil.
• Kingdom Fungi includes the fungi, mushrooms,
  molds, and yeasts.

11
3.1 Plants

• The Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular
  organisms whose cells have a nucleus.
• In photosynthesis, plants convert energy from the
  sun and store it in the form of molecules.

12
3.1 Animals

• Animals are multicellular organisms with cells
  that have a nucleus.
• Beetles, worms, snakes, and birds are classified
  into the Kingdom Animalia.

13
3.1 Plant and Animal kingdomscompared
14
3.1 Classifying life

• Taxonomy is the process of identifying and
  classifying living things.
• A Swedish scientist and explorer named Carolus
  Linnaeus (17071778) developed a system of
  classification in the 1700s.
• There are currently seven levels of
  classification.

15
3.1 Levels of classification

• Organisms with shared characteristics are grouped
  together.
• What characteristic do these organisms share?

16
3.1 Levels of classification

• For animals, the levels of classification are
  kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and
  species.

• At what level are these two animals classified
  differently?

17
3.1 Scientific Names

• A scientific name is the two-part, scientifically
  recognized name given to an organism, consisting
  of its genus and species.

18
3.1 Scientific Names

• You may have a difficult time understanding
  scientific names because they are usually in
  Latin or Greek.
• Felis is Latin for cat and domesticus is Latin
  for domesticated.