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Social Work Practice with Communities

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Title: Social Work Practice with Communities


1
Social Work Practice with Communities
  • What Is Community Organization?

2
Community Organization
  • Working with the community requires the
    generalist practitioner to be able to assess
    community functioning and design specific
    intervention techniques.
  • Community organization has been recognized for
    many years as one of the main methods of social
    work.
  • CSWE, issued in l962 included community
    organization, along with casework and group work,
    as the three major methods of social work.

3
Community Organization
  • Kettner, Daley, and Nichols define community
    organization in the context of a planned change
    model.
  • The three components of their model include the
    change process, arenas for practice, and types of
    interventive effort anticipated.
  • In community organization work the client is the
    community.
  • The two major arenas for community organization
    practice are community organizations and the
    community itself.

4
Beginnings of Community Social Work
  • The first attempts to coordinate community
    activities and actions stemmed from the London
    Charity Organization Society which tried to
    eliminate duplication and fraud in relief
    administration.
  • In 1909 in Pittsburgh and Milwaukee, the first
    community welfare councils in the United States
    were established.
  • They were called Councils of Social Agencies.

5
Beginnings of Community Social Work
  • These councils generally focus on three main
    areas
  • Health
  • Welfare
  • Recreation
  • The development of federated financial drives
    was also an important aspect of community social
    work.

6
Beginnings of Community Social Work
  • In 1887 the first federated drive in the United
    States originated under the auspices of the
    Associated Charities in Denver.
  • In l99l there were approximately 2,100 United Way
    Campaigns in the United States and they collected
    3.3 billion.
  • About 32 million people, or about one out of
    every three persons employed in the United
    States, gave through their United Way.

7
Community Social Work Processes
  • The purpose of research in community organization
    is to define what community realities are and
    what to the facts do show.
  • Planning is purposeful formulation of future
    action and ways of procedure.
  • Coordination is the process of working together
    to avoid unnecessary duplication, effort and
    conflict.

8
Community Social Work Processes
  • Organization is the process of establishing a
    structure to accomplish certain goals.
  • A formal organization usually gives substance to
    a movement.
  • Financing is the process of collecting,
    budgeting, and spending funds in relation to
    community needs and resources.
  • Social work administration can be defined as the
    process of transforming social policy into social
    services.

9
Community Social Work Processes
  • Committee operation is the essence of social work
    community practice.
  • For adequate committee operation there need to be
    adequate representation for all of the groups
    that may be interested and involved in relation
    to a particular project.
  • One of the significant developments in community
    social work has been the increasing emphasis on
    client advocacy.
  • Examples of social action can be seen in the
    Civil Rights Movement, the Grey Panthers, and the
    National Association for the Mentally Ill.

10
Roles of the Community Organizer
  • Rubin and Rubin have defined four key roles in
    community organization as follows
  • Organizers as teacher
  • Organizers as catalysts
  • Organizers as facilitators
  • A linking role
  • The community organizers should have the
    ability to relate to people, to analyze problems,
    to locate resources, to see potential for change,
    and to be able to create effective structures for
    problem solving.

11
Roles of the Community Organizer
  • The advocacy and social action elements of
    community social work practice focus on
    empowering individuals and communities.
  • Much of community organization is done to change
    systems, and many times the system resists
    change.
  • Social workers should have good technical skills
    and be able to get along well with people.
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