Brooklyn College Spring 2003

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Brooklyn CollegeSpring 2003

• Trapped in the Net
• Chapters 6 10

February 18, 2003 Gene Shagas Student, CIS 763
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6. Jacking into the Market

• Financial Trading is a large technical system
• Quick and irreversible operations
• Continue to grow and integrate
• Markets out of control
• Delayed feedback
• Loss of communication
• Unlimited and uncontrolled access to money
• Derivatives markets are more volatile than
  traditional ones, moving much faster
• Use untested mathematical models
• Computer models and computerized trading programs
  had newer been tested in a crunch

todays approaches are ad-hoc. explicitly define
root-cause analysis!
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7. Expert Operators and Critical Tasks

• Large amount of information lead to
  computerization
• Loosing a large, coherent picture
• Maintenance of traditional prerogatives for
  employees
• Putative threat to jobs and skills
• Error of interpretation is increased while number
  of computerized methods increased (pilot errors
  as examples)
• Increased load information from computers
• Recognition of Human Factor
• Increase workload in a crisis
• Understanding of automatismoften difficult
  because their principle of functioning is
  different and often unknown
• The computer in the loop
• Human errors remain
• Removes opportunity for humans to learn
• Additional redundancy necessary

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8. Smart Weapons, Smart Soldiers

• Techno-industrial War
• 1914 1939 Rapid fire artillery, machine gun,
  Chemical weapon, tank, military aircraft,
  submarine
• 1939 1945 Blitzkrieg, strategic bombing,
  radar, V-1 and V-2 missiles, jet aircraft, atomic
  bomb
• The Postwar transition
• Dominance in Air
• Big wars unlikely, nuclear weapon unusable
• Computer-related changes
• Embedded means of fire control
• Strategic Analysis
• Change in warfare increases overall complexity
  of the military
• Intellectual and computer skills can be dominated
  over physical and emotional

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9. Unfriendly Fire

• Reasonable choice of disaster
• Libyan airliner standard actions upon for
  hostile intercept
• USS Stark attack by Mirage was unexpected
• Iran Air Flight 655 wrong identification as F-14
  by operators
• System failed while equipment worked perfectly
• Difficulties of forming an independent
  interpretation
• New technologies lead to situations where people
  acting as with perfect equipment
• Failure lay in the theory of design highly
  automated systems
• Interactions between complex computerized systems
  and human operators may have high probability of
  errors

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10. The Logistics of Techno-War

• Quality versus Quantity in weapon systems
• Civil, Korean, Vietnam War relayed for victory
  far more on quantity, than quality, Gulf War
  new weapon systems.
• Shift from mass production and mass attacks to
  all- volunteer forces equipped with latest
  technologies
• Political protest against high cost p.171
• Computers and the Transformation of War p.184
• High-technology weapons and communications
• An assemblage of small units, moving quickly
• Highly computerized Patriot and Tomahawk missiles
  
• U.S. military as integrated socio-technical
  system
• Future battlefield is being designed as an
  electronic battlespace

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End
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