The Industrial Revolution

1
The Industrial Revolution

• Unit Enduring Understandings
• Changes in technology and exchange during the
  18th and 19th centuries led to the social and
  economic changes around the world that are still
  relevant today.
• 5. Technology and industrial advancement can
  alter existing social and economic systems.

• It begins in Jolly old England

• Agenda
• Identify the definition of the industrial
  Revolution
• explain the key features of this revolution
• identify the key factors that a country needs in
  order to have industrialization
• Explain why the IR occurred in Britain.
• Complete p 1
• Create a list of the major industrial
  advancements of the Industrial Revolution

2
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• RISE OF THE MACHINES
• Late 1700s-Early 1800s
• New technologies speed up pace of life
• Major changes in social and cultural aspects of
  society

3
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• II. DIFFERENT ADVANCES
• A. Agricultural
• B. Textile
• C. Transportation

4
IR today what advances today have had major
impact on lives?

• This is how a study of the Industrial Revolution
  relates to you understanding its past impact
  can help us deal with new advances and their
  impact on society now.

5
Industrial Revolution

• For a society to experience an Industrial
  Revolution many things must be present
• The Factors of Production
• Land, Labor, Capital.
• Land- Natural Resources- iron, coal, etc.
• Waterways- source of power,
  transportation.
• Labor- Workforce, affordable labor (what
  did this mean in some cases?)
• Capital - Money through wealthy individuals
• - Bank Loans (available in stable
  societies and economic systems)
• -Entrepreneurs

6
WHY ENGLAND?

• Intersected by many rivers
• Flat
• Good sea access to ship goods
• Had land, labor and capital

7
The Beginnings of Industrialization

• 1. Agricultural Revolution

Increased food supplies led to increased
population demanding manufactured goods and
provided labor for factories
2. Abundant natural Resources
Water power, coal and timber for fuel, iron ore,
rivers for transportation, harbors for shipping
3. Political stability
Created a climate for productivity, overseas
trade, and focus energies on economic expansion
and industrialization
4. Factors of production
Land, labor, capital all existed in abundance
in Britain
8
The Beginnings of Industrialization (cont)

• 5. Technological advances in textiles

Cotton cloth production increased in speed and
quality, increasing profits and influenced other
industries to industrialize
6. Entrepreneurs risk-taking businessmen
Provided organizational and management skills and
took financial risks of developing new businesses
7. Building of factories
Allowed industry to move out of the home and
centralize in one location with easier access to
supplies, transportation and markets.
8. Railroad boom growth of the number of
railroads
Provided an inexpensive way to transport raw and
finished materials and also created new jobs
9
Farming Picks Up

• THE SEED DRILL
• INVENTOR JETHRO TULL
• YEAR 1701
• IMPACT PLANT FASTER, MORE YIELD
• Other farming techniques
• Better breeding practices for animals
• Crop rotation
• Enclosure system (bigger parcels)

10
British political stability
George III ruled from 1760-1820
Queen Vicgtoria ruled from 1837-1901
11
The Spinning Jenny

• Inventor James Hargreaves
• Year 1764
• Impact Spin multiple threads at once

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THE COTTON GIN

• Inventor Eli Whitney
• Year 1793
• Impact Clean cotton infinitely faster, easier

13
Steam Engine

• Inventor James Watt
• Year 1763
• Allows for more coal production

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Steam Engine

• Steam combustion runs engine
• Drains water out of mines
• Allows for more coal production

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BRITISH COAL PRODUCTION

• 1700 2.7 million tons
• 1750 4.7 million tons
• 1800 10 million tons
• 1850 50 million tons

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APPLYING THE STEAM ENGINE
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COMMERCIAL STEAMBOAT

• INVENTOR ROBERT FULTON
• YEAR 1807
• IMPACT
• SAIL BULK GOODS EFFECTIVELY ACROSS WATERWAYS

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THELOCOMOTIVE

• INVENTOR GEORGE STEPHENSON
• YEAR 1814
• IMPACT MOVE HEAVIER LOADS FASTER

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CANAL SYSTEM

• CONNECTS MAJOR WATERWAYS
• HAUL HEAVY LOADS THAT HORSES CANT

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WHERE DO PEOPLE GO?

• Factories make production cheaper, easier
• Small, independent businesses go under
• People forced to move to cities

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A GREAT MIGRATION

• In your notes, look at the chart measuring
  population density and the table for city growth.
• How many cities have more than 100,000 people by
  1911?
• How many times bigger are the populations in
  1891 on the table than the populations in 1801?

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THERES ALWAYS ONE

• Resistance forms against industrialization
• LUDDITES ARE BIGGEST GROUP
• Named for Ned Ludd
• People attack modern
• machines
• Government forced to
• combat problem

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• Meanwhile, at social Industry's command,  How
  quick, how vast an increase. From the germ  Of
  some poor hamlet, rapidly produced  Here a huge
  town, continuous and compact,  Hiding the face
  of earth for leagues-and there,  Where not a
  habitation stood before,  Abodes of men
  irregularly massed  Like trees in
  forests,-spread through spacious tracts,  O'er
  which the smoke of unremitting fires  Hangs
  permanent, and plentiful as wreaths  Of vapour
  glittering in the morning sun.  And, wheresoe'er
  the traveller turns his steps,  He sees the
  barren wilderness erased,  Or disappearing
  William Wordsworth

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Rev. Edward Stanley

• The most intense curiosity and excitement
  prevailed... and ... enormous masses of densely
  packed people lined the road, shouting and waving
  hats and handkerchiefs as we flew by them. What
  with the sight and sound of these cheering
  multitudes and the tremendous velocity with which
  we were borne past them, my spirits rose to true
  champagne height.... 

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WHAT DO THEY HAVE IN COMMON?