H2 High Pressure On-Board Storage

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H2 High Pressure On-Board Storage Considering
Safety Issues
André Vieira Hugo Faria Rui de Oliveira
Nuno Correia António T. Marques
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Contents

• Introduction
• Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage
• On-line Monitoring Systems
• Conclusions

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Introduction
Portuguese EDEN Project

• create a knowledge based platform for H2
  economy
• production gt storage gt logistics gt utilization
• prototyping vessels for high-pressure gaseous
  storage of H2
• http//www.h2eden.com

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Introduction
Know-how on pressure vessels development

• composite materials

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Introduction
Know-how on pressure vessels development

• composite materials
• numerical modelling

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Introduction
Know-how on pressure vessels development

• composite materials
• numerical modelling
• filament-winding technologies

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Introduction
Know-how on pressure vessels development

• composite materials
• numerical modelling
• filament-winding technologies
• vessels prototyping and manufacture

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Introduction
Know-how on monitoring systems

• direct strain measurement (strain gauges)
• acoustic emission
• optical fibres sensors

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Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage
Main Concerns

• gaseous storage
• no specific studies on thermal environment
• high pressure storage conditions (up to 700bar)
• need of validated design methodology
• materials permeability to H2 molecules
• steel or aluminium liners or inner covers
• reliability of these vessels for mid-term
  applications

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Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage
200bar Prototype
steel liner
pattern calculation/generation
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Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage
200bar Prototype
CAD model meshed
model FEM analysis
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Pressure Vessels for H2 Storage
200bar Prototype
part manufacture
26 litres prototype
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On-line Monitoring Systems
Sensors Requests

• embedment capability on composite reinforcement
• able to support processing conditions
  (temperature and pressure
• miniaturization to induce low stress
  concentration
• no degradation during service (corrosion, etc)
• monitoring strains (3) at low frequency
• monitoring damage (AE events) at high frequency
  (20 kHz-1MHz)
• periodic evaluation of damage by measuring sound
  propagation

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On-line Monitoring Systems
FBG Sensors

• monitoring of strain and temperature
• embedment capability
• multiplexing ability
• immune to electric and magnetic fields
• simplicity of interrogation scheme
• small maximum allowable strain (for glass fiber)
  

Ke, KT strain and temperature sensitivity ez
axial strain aH, aF thermal expansion of host
and fiber ?T temperature variation
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On-line Monitoring Systems
EFPI Sensors

• sensitive to transient phenomenon (AE)
• embedment capability
• no Multiplexing ability
• immune to electric and magnetic fields
• complexity of interrogation scheme
• small maximum allowable strain

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On-line Monitoring Systems
Piezoelectric Sensors

• embedment capability
• dont allow quasi-static measuring of strain
• no Multiplexing ability
• sensitive to electric and magnetic fields
• complexity of interrogation scheme
  (amplification needed)

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On-line Monitoring Systems
Piezoresistive Sensors

• embedment capability
• allow quasi-static measuring of strain
• no Multiplexing ability
• sensitive to electric and magnetic fields
• flexibility dependent of the support used

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Conclusions

• EDEN project is developing regional competences
  preparing for the H2 economy
• high pressure gaseous storage is only one of the
  work packages
• the main challenge for the composite materials
  sub-group will be to pass from its experience on
  user-friendly fluids to H2
• the experience in on-line monitoring systems
  will allow us to develop cheaper prototypes both
  in terms of burst test criteria and daily
  operating safety issues

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Thank you for your attention