Abdul Razzaq Touqan??? ?????? ?????

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Soil-Structure Interaction????? ?????? ??
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• Abdul Razzaq Touqan ??? ?????? ?????

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• Input processing output

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• Introduction
• INPUT Representation of mathematical model
• INPUT Representation of earthquake loadings
• PROCESSING Representation of mass and stiffness
  properties analogical models
• PROCESSING Representation of mass and stiffness
  properties anatomical models
• OUTPUT Models comparisons
• OUTPUT Conclusions
• Further usage of concept
• Reminder

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Introduction

• Fundamental lesson learned from earthquakes
• Necessity of correct matching between
  mathematical model and reality (input)
• Necessity of correct matching between earthquake
  loadings and method of analysis (processing)

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Representation of Mathematical Model

• Soil theory is based on assumption of rigid
  structures built on flexible foundations.
• Structural theory is based on assumption of
  flexible structures built on rigid foundations.

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Representation of Earthquake loadings

• Methods of analysis
• Time history true dynamic analysis, all
  necessary modes of soil-structure model
• Response spectrum one point dynamic analysis,
  all necessary modes of soil-structure model
• Equivalent lateral load static analysis, one
  mode of structure model

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Representation of Earthquake loadings
Equivalent lateral load

• basic assumptions of equivalent lateral load
• General assumptions uniform distribution of mass
  and stiffness.
• Special assumptions models used based on level
  of technology

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a one-story flat plate reinforced concrete
building subjected to earthquake loading in the
x-direction..
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• ASCE/SEI 2010

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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
analogical models

• the relative displacement output u of a 1D
  model subjected to an earthquake
• M, K and ß are mass, stiffness and acceleration
  response spectrum (dynamic magnification factor)
  respectively

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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
analogical models

• For simplicity assume 1D model composed of two
  springs in series. The combined stiffness K
• If Ksoil is much larger than Kstr then the
  combined stiffness K is equal to Kstr and
  separation between soil and structure is
  justified

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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
analogical models

• Substructuring concept static reduction

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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
analogical models
Substructuring concept static reduction
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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
analogical models
Substructuring concept dynamic reduction
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Representation of mass and stiffness properties
anatomical models
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Models comparisons
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• Conclusions

• -Neglecting soil structure interaction is
  reasonable if assumptions prevails like
• light structures in relatively stiff soil such as
  low rise buildings, structural assumptions
  prevails.
• simple rigid retaining walls foundation
  assumptions prevails.
• -The effect of soil structure interaction
  becomes important for heavy structures resting on
  relatively soft soils for example towers in a
  wadi (like wadi altufah)
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Further usage of concept
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Models comparisons
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Conclusions for further usage

• Best structural shape to resist lateral loadings
  (wind, earthquake, ) is the pyramid shape. Such
  shape provides largest stiffness and smallest
  mass
• Worst structural shape to resist lateral loadings
  is the inverted pyramid shape. Such shape
  provides largest mass and smallest stiffness
• (?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????????)20/?????
  
• By the same philosophy, weakness in the soil
  increases mass and decreases stiffness, thus
  structure becomes vulnerable to earthquake loads.
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  ????????? ?????????????(109)??????

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Reminder ????? ????? ?????? ??
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?????? ??? ???????????(26)1927 ?????Thank you
for listening
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Question

• What is your opinion of a structure with basement
  wall on one side as a usual practice in
  Palestine?