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SS6H6 European Exploration

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Title: SS6H6 European Exploration


1
SS6H6 European Exploration
  • SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of
    European exploration and colonization on various
    world regions.
  • a. Identify the causes of European exploration
    and colonization include religion, natural
    resources, a market for goods, and the
    contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.

2
The Age of Exploration
  • This was a time when European leaders saw the
    need to explore new areas in order to gain access
    to the spice trade in Asia, spread the religion
    of Christianity (Catholicism), a need for more
    natural resources, and more wealth.

3
Background
  • Long before the sixteenth century the Crusades
    had introduced European people to the goods and
    luxuries of the East. Some goods, such as spices,
    became necessities, but they were becoming
    increasingly costly. They had to be transported
    over long and sometimes
  • dangerous overland routes, and several middlemen
    each took their profits before the goods reached
    European merchants. What Europeans needed was a
    new, less costly route to Asia. Before the route
    was actually traversed, however, a New World was
    opened for conquest. This led to intense
    economic and political rivalry among European
    powers to see who could first secure the prizes
    it offered and who could hold the others away.
    Individuals went to the New World for many
    reasons, but most commonly to seek their
    fortunes. Young Spaniards expected to get rich
    through ventures connected to land and commerce.
    Indentured servants looked optimistically toward
    the end of their terms of service, when they
    could obtain land of their own and become
    independent.
  • For rulers and common people alike, religion was
    also a powerful motive. Even the Catholic rulers
    of Spain, Portugal and France were bent on
    building empires and gaining wealth, they were
    also sincerely committed to converting the
    heathen peoples of the world. The Spanish
    conquerors in the New World were required to take
    priests with them on every expedition. The
    English and Dutch were just as committed to
    spreading the Protestant gospel, and actively
    encouraged missionary enterprise among native
    Americans. Some colonists went to America
    specifically to escape restrictions on their
    religious practices at home. They sought places
    where they could worship freely according to
    their own forms and consciences.
  • Love of adventure, curiosity and a fascination
    with the possibility of locating peoples and
    places popularized in the mythology of the time
    were also factors. Some searched for Prester
    John, a legendary Christian king believed to rule
    somewhere in Africa. Others were fascinated by
    fables of exotic peoples some with tails,
    others with no heads but with faces emerging from
    their chests. There were also tales of Amazon
    women on the mythical island of California, of a
    fountain of youth in Florida, of exotic plants
    and animals, and of the seven golden cities of
    Cibola. On a more realistic level, explorers
    also returned with accurate descriptions of
    plants, animals and people (Columbus brought many
    examples back with him from his first voyage).
    Technological innovation contributed
    significantly to European expansion, for it
    finally made venturing farther out to sea more
    practical. Ships became faster and more
    maneuverable. By the fifteenth century the use
    of the magnetic compass had become widespread.
    Other important developments included the
    astroble, a device for observing the position of
    the sun and stars, and the quadrant, which
    measured the altitudeo f these heavenly bodies.
    Techniques for map making and charting the seas
    also continually improved.

4
Background Questions
  1. How were the Europeans introduced to Asian goods?
  2. What was the main good Europeans wanted? Why was
    getting this good so costly?
  3. What were some reasons that spurred European
    exploration?
  4. What were some technological advances that helped
    lead to the Age of Exploration?
  5. How did exploration improve life in Europe?
  6. How do you think this exploration and
    colonization affect the relationships of European
    nations?

5
The Age of Exploration cont
  • The Crusades led to the creation of trade lines
    between Europe and Asia, but the price was high.
  • The Asian traders had to mark up items each time
    they changed hands.
  • Items changed hands many times across the vast
    distance between Europe and Asia.
  1. Where did the trade routes originate from in
    Asia?
  2. How many stops do the routes seem to make as they
    travel west to Africa and the Mediterranean Sea?
  3. What European country seems to be the main
    recipient of the Asian goods?

6
Asian Trade Routes    
  •      Hello!  I am a trader during the Golden Age
    of Exploration.  Traders are people who get
    wealth by buying items from a group of people at
    a low price and selling those things to other
    people at higher prices.  During my time, traders
    would want to buy luxuries in Asia that were not
    available in Europe and sell them to make money.
     They would originally use routes such the
    picture on the previous slide of the Silk Road.
     I remember when the Silk Road used to link Asia
    and Europe through trade, however, as overland
    trade became more time-consuming and dangerous,
    and overseas trade became more popular, trade
    along the Silk Road decreased.  Muslims also
    controlled land routes to Asia, therefore, 
    European traders such as myself had to go by sea
    around Muslim-controlled land.  Therefore, find a
    sea route around Africa to India, such as the one
    shown in the next slide, became a popular
    motivation or reason for exploration.
  1. What is a trader?
  2. Why did traders from Europe want to buy items
    from Asia?
  3. Who controlled the silk trade routes in Asia?
  4. Why do you think European traders would sail to
    Asia rather than use the original Silk Road
    route?

7
Exploration route to Asia
  1. What country did the European trade route begin?
  2. What country in Asia was the main stop for
    European traders?
  3. Notice how the trip to Asia the European traders
    sail very close to Eastern Africa, but not so
    much on the trip back. Why do you think this is?
  4. What do you think Europeans would do with the
    resources they brought back from Asia?

8
  1. What is this map showing us?
  2. What country in Africa did the Portuguese reach?
  3. Did Prince Henry accomplish the goal he had set
    with his exploration? Why or Why not?
  4. What can be inferred about the Portuguese's
    knowledge of Africa according to this map?

9
Exploration Under Prince Henry the Navigator
  1. Where is Portugal in relation to Africa?
  2. According to the map when did the rounding of
    Africa take place?
  3. Who were the two explorers that have routes on
    this map?
  4. What were the explorers trying to accomplish? Why?

10
Prince Henry the Navigator
  • Ruler of Portugal
  • He was among the first to realize the power that
    would come with control of the spice trade.
  • He founded the first school for navigation in
    Europe.
  • Under his rule, exploration of Africa was
    expanded in an attempt to find a sea route to
    Asia.
  • He never went on any expedition himself.
  1. What country did Prince Henry Hail from?
  2. What were some of his accomplishments?
  3. What were the main goals of his expeditions?
  4. Do you believe Prince Henry deserves as much
    credit as history gives him?

To bring Portugal more trade and power and to
spread Christianity, this prince sponsored
expeditions beyond the safety of the
Mediterranean.
11
ReligionThe historical drawing below shows an
encounter between European explorers and crew
with the local natives.
Some of the biggest cultural changes Europeans
brought to places they conquered were in religion
and language. Christians set out to convert
people to their religion. Missionaries went to
Asia and Africa, and they also worked to convert
American Indians to Christianity. In some places,
their religion blended with native traditions to
create new kinds of religious practices. In
addition to spreading Christianity, missionaries
ran schools. They taught their European languages
such as Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, the
language of the Netherlands.
  1. Who are the Europeans interacting with in the
    above picture.
  2. What were two of the major changes that Europeans
    brought to places they conquered?
  3. Look at the picture, Who else came to the New
    World with the Explorers ? Why did they come?
  4. How do we see this spread of their religion in
    our world today?

12
Desire for Resources and Wealth
  • The exchange of products between European
    countries and their colonies changed economic
    relations around the world. European countries
    saw their colonies as a way to get rich.This
    new view of the colonies was part of an economic
    system called mercantilisma system in which a
    government controls all economic activity in a
    country and its colonies to make the government
    stronger and richer. In the 1500s a countrys
    strength was measured by how much gold and silver
    it had. Under mercantilism, then, governments did
    everything they could to get more of these
    precious metals. Mercantilism was the main
    economic policy in Europe between 1500 and 1800
  1. According to the paragraphs how did European
    countries see their colonies, Why?
  2. What is mercantilism? Why was mercantilism
    practiced by European countries?
  3. What became the most important resources to
    European countries? Why
  4. Look at the map, what does England gain from
    India? And in return what does India gain from
    England?
  5. How does this form of an economy benefit England?
    Do you believe it is fair for India Why or Why
    not?

13
Market for Goods
  • . . . If we deprive them Muslims of this their
    ancient market there, there does not remain for
    them a single port in the whole of these parts,
    where they can carry on their trade in these
    things. . . . I hold it as very certain that if
    we take this trade of Malacca away out of their
    hands, Cairo and Mecca are entirely ruined, and
    to Venice will no spiceries . . . be . . .
    conveyed except that which her merchants go and
    buy in Portugal.
  • AFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE, from The Commentaries of
    the Great Afonso Dalbuquerque
  1. Who was it that said the quote above?
  2. Who do the Europeans want to deprive from their
    markets?
  3. What effect do the Europeans believe taking
    Malacca away will have?
  4. What 4 countries are the main colonizers on the
    map?
  5. Which country seems to control the most land?
  6. What do you think that the European powers will
    use these colonies for?

14
Task
  • You will receive a graphic organizer. Use the
    Mini DBQ to complete the graphic organizer.
  • Your thesis question and hook are done for you.
    You need to answer the hook question. This answer
    is your thesis.
  • Your mini theses are done for you, just provide
    evidence for each.
  • In the closing boxstate reason why

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Empire Building
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