MPD 575 Design For Customization

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MPD 575Design For Customization

• MPD 575
• Jonathan Weaver

2
Development History

• Developed by Cohort 2 team
• Matthew Holl
• Vinicius Jesus
• Tony Lockwood
• Steve Lutowsky
• Additional content by Tjuana BufordCohort 8,
  November 2007

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

4
Introduction to Customization

• Consumers that wish to distinguish themselves may
  purchase accessories for various personal items
  such as their personal computers, vehicles,
  homes, etc.
• The design of these items greatly affects the
  users ability to customize them to their
  preference.

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Introduction to Customization

• For example, vintage PCs required the user to
  manually install software drivers and alter CMOS
  settings when installing different hard drives,
  video cards, etc.

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Introduction to Customization

• This was very confusing for the common consumer,
  and greatly limited any customization a consumer
  would want to make to their computer.

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Introduction to Customization

• The principles, heuristics and process outlined
  in this lecture will illustrate how a product
  such as a PC can be designed for easier
  customization by the common consumer.

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Introduction to Customization

• Benefits
• Customers will find a product more attractive if
  customizable.
• Accessories may be sold separately to increase
  sales.
• On average, customer satisfaction will increase.

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Introduction to Customization

• Stakeholders
• OEM degree of customization influences sales
  and customer satisfaction.
• Manufacturing/Assembly Plants will be affected
  by the design of the product.
• Supply Chain will need to inventory and
  merchandise the product and accessories.
• End user of the product will purchase or modify
  the product.

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Introduction to Customization

• Stakeholders
• Aftermarket suppliers must design products that
  are affordable, attractive, unique, and either
  maintain or enhance performance of the product.
• Dealers/Service Centers must provide repair
  and/or maintenance service on the product.

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

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Principles

• Identification of opportunities
• Simplification of interfaces
• Adaptability
• Installation/Serviceability
• System robustness

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Principles

• DFC principles are directly related to the design
  for serviceability (DFS) principles.
• Also related to design for reuse and reusability.

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Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities

• There are trade-offs between customization, cost,
  appearance, weight, performance, and durability.
• Do not want to miss an opportunity for
  customization or compromise a design that
  customers will not customize.

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Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities

• Methods
• Perform market studies and interview focus groups
  to understand how customers customize your
  product and competitors products.
• Research current aftermarket product offerings.

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Identifying Potential Customization Opportunities

• Methods contd
• Interview aftermarket suppliers to identify
  constraints and opportunities for customization
  and the supply chain.

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Simplification of Interfaces

• Simple and minimal interfaces between a component
  or system and its mating components and systems
  reduces the probability of compromising the
  system.
• Simplifies aftermarket development.
• Simplifies installation/modification process.

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Simplification of Interfaces

• Methods
• Effective partitioning of the system establish
  system boundaries such that the number and
  complexity of the interfaces is minimized.
• Minimize subsystem interfaces design functional
  chunks to reduce the number of interfaces.

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Simplification of Interfaces

• Methods contd
• Standardizing interfaces utilize commonly used
  industry interfaces (i.e. use a com port computer
  interface for a PalmPilot instead of inventing a
  new interface).

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Adaptability

• Allows a system to be modified without
  compromising or interfering with overall system
  performance.
• Minimizes the need for the system to be
  reconfigured to accept the modification.

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Adaptability

• Methods
• Centralize system control one control system
  for all the interfacing subsystems so that a
  change in a subsystem can be detected and
  accounted for (i.e. a computer typically has one
  microprocessor).

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Adaptability

• Methods contd
• Implement the required system feedback to allow
  the system to adapt to a modification

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Installation/Serviceability

• Customers want to easily personalize their
  products.
• Reducing labor times and the need for special
  tools reduces cost and hassle to the customer.

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Installation/Serviceability

• Methods
• Reduce customization costs (labor, tools, parts)
• Reduce/eliminate potential for damage and injury
  during user modification
• Allow aftermarket access to system requirements
  and specifications

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Robustness

• Customers do not want their product reliability
  adversely affected following a modification.
• System upgrades to ensure durability should not
  be necessary following common customizations.

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Robustness

• Methods
• Include common customizations during system
  target setting to minimize the negative effects
  on the durability of the product.
• Ensure design validation testing accounts for
  these system targets.

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

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DFC Considerations

• System level interfaces and effects at what
  level can a system be customized and not
  adversely affect other systems?
• System sensitivity to component specifications
  requiring tight tolerances will increase
  aftermarket costs, reducing customer
  satisfaction.

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DFC Considerations

• Design to established aftermarket standards
  otherwise, aftermarket will take a long time to
  adapt to new technology.
• Probability of customization how many customers
  will actually perform a modification?

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DFC Considerations

• Labor time how involved is the modification
  process?
• Cost of customization an overly integral design
  can increase the cost of aftermarket parts.
• Safety will a common modification result in a
  catastrophic system failure?

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DFC Considerations

• Damage potential for damaging nearby components
  during the modification process.
• Tools are special tools required for
  customization?

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DFC Considerations

• Ease of customization is the customization
  procedure reasonable (i.e. easily performed by a
  customer)?
• System robustness to customization will the
  modification result in immediate or latent
  system(s) failure?

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

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DFC Process

1. Identify potential customization opportunities
2. Determine customization strategy
3. Include customization strategy in overall system
   architecture boundaries for customization
4. Set design requirements and targets
5. Define validation requirements
6. Establishing warranty guidelines

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DFC Process

• Identifying potential customization opportunities
  may be accomplished multiple ways
• Customer surveys
• User focus groups
• Competitive analysis
• Aftermarket analysis

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DFC Process

• The architecting team then decides which
  customizations will be accounted for in the
  overall system architecture.

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DFC Process

• Setting design requirements/targets
• Customization must be considered during the
  target setting phase of the product development
  process.
• Evaluate the effects of each customization on
  each subsystem and the total system.

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DFC Process

• Setting design requirements/targets
• Perform trade-off analysis between customization,
  cost, weight, packaging and performance.
• The detail design and validation phases must then
  ensure a system robust to customization.

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DFC Process

• Optimizing system adaptability
• Centralize system control and/or design an open
  architecture.
• Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
  systems performance.

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DFC Process

• Optimizing system adaptability
• These should be done when establishing the
  overall system architecture in the system-level
  design phase of the product development process
  (PDP).

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DFC Process

• Standardizing interfaces
• During system-level design, partition the system
  so that standard interfaces can be utilized.
• Select/design the interfaces using industry
  standards (if they exist).
• Otherwise, utilize an open architecture that is
  easily adaptable by the industry.

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DFC Process

• Establishing service guidelines
• To avoid confusion and apprehension at service
  centers or dealerships, guidelines must be
  established to decide when to cover failures
  under warranty.

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DFC Process

• Establishing service guidelines contd
• In addition, the service centers should be
  educated about the various forms of customization
  performed by customers, and how they affect the
  products performance.

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DFC Process

• Establishing service guidelines contd
• Include acceptable forms of customization in the
  warranty section of the owners manual.
• Provide dealership training.

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

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Heuristics

• Minimize interfaces on a customizable
  component/system.
• Avoid one-way only customization (can go back to
  baseline if necessary).
• Centralize system control to maximize system
  adaptability.

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Heuristics

• Customization requirements must be included in
  the target setting phase of the product
  development process.
• A modular architecture is more conducive to
  customization than an integral architecture.
• Minimize a sub-systems dependence on the overall
  systems performance.

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Design for Customization

• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

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Types of Customization

• Cosmetic
• Comfort
• Sound
• Scent
• Visual
• Safety
• Performance

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Types of Customization

• Cosmetic Customization
• Modifications that change or enhance a products
  appearance to the users preference.

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Types of Customization

• Automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
  automobile body kit

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Installation/serviceability design for modular
  and easily removable body panels.
• System Robustness include risk of reduced air
  flow in potential failure mode analysis during
  system design.

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Types of Customization

• Automotive Example ofCosmetic Customization
  Rear Spoiler

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identification of opportunities Opportunity to
  provide a customer delight, while releasing real
  estate within the plant
• Installation/serviceability design for easy
  installation outside of plant but still required
  to pass vehicle operations inspection and
  requirements

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Types of Customization

• Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
  customization costs (labor, tools, parts)
• Workers in modification center are none union
  workers
• Trained specifically for the task of installing
  the spoiler
• The spoiler is installed after the van leaves the
  plant, but before it arrives to dealership.

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Types of Customization

• Installation/serviceability Method - Reduce
  customization costs (labor, tools, parts) Cont.
• A simple, inexpensive gauge is used to check a
  tolerance

Requirement Not Met
Met Requirement
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Types of Customization

• Non-automotive example of Cosmetic Customization
  designer water faucet

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Installation/serviceability design sink using
  industry standard interface for water faucet.
• Identification of opportunities market studies
  should reveal which styling accommodates the
  latest design trends to accommodate future
  customization.

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Types of Customization

• Comfort Customization
• Tactile modifications that enhance customer touch
  points.
• Ergonomic modifications that reduce the stress
  associated with using a product.

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Types of Customization

• Automotive example of Comfort Customization new
  seats

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Installation/Serviceability design seat mount
  interface to be easily accessible.
• Simplification of Interfaces design interface to
  use industry standard fasteners and connectors.

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Types of Customization

• Non-automotive example of Comfort Customization
  ergonomic computer keyboard

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Simplification of Interfaces design keyboard-CPU
  interface to industry standards
• Adaptability CPU accepts input from different
  brands and configurations of keyboards without
  reconfiguration

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Types of Customization

• Sound Customization
• Includes auditory modifications that influence
  (either enhance or hide) the sound or sound
  quality of the product itself or some component
  of the product.

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Types of Customization

• Automotive example of Sound Customization tuned
  exhaust system

H-pipe with catalytic converters is separate from
mufflers.
Mufflers and exhaust tips are easily removable
for customization.
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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Installation/Serviceability design the exhaust
  system with easily removable mufflers and exhaust
  tips.
• Identification of Opportunities keep the
  expensive and emissions-necessary catalytic
  converters separate from these components to
  facilitate future customization.

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Types of Customization

• Non-automotive example of Sound Customization
  home stereo system

Each component may be replaced with a different
make/model
receiver
equalizer
amplifier
cassette deck
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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Simplification of Interfaces design system with
  replaceable components using industry standard
  interfaces.
• Identification of Opportunities keep packaging
  consistent with competition and aftermarket.

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Types of Customization

• Scent Customization
• Includes scent modifications that influence
  (either enhance or hide) the smell of the product
  itself or some component of the product.

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Types of Customization

• Automotive example of Scent Customization
  interior scent sprays

Foul odor detected
Interior scent spray in use
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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Identification of Opportunities specify interior
  materials that do not emit or absorb any
  permanent scents to allow for future
  customization.
• System Robustness specify interior materials
  that will not be damaged by interior scent
  sprays.

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Types of Customization

• Principles Applied
• Identification of Opportunities specify
  construction materials that do not emit or absorb
  any permanent scents to allow for future
  customization.
• System Robustness specify construction materials
  that will not be damaged by incense candles.

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Types of Customization

• Visual Customization
• Enhances, heightens, or improves the users visual
  effect.
• Allows the user to see, or be seen while using
  the product, such as night vision (infrared,
  thermal), brighter head lights, etc.

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Types of Customization

• Visual Customization Automotive example
  replacing standard fog lamps with high
  intensity driving lights.

Before After
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identification of opportunities - design front
  fascia openings to accommodate popular
  aftermarket brands.
• Simplification of interfaces - use standard
  mounting features for stock lights.
• Installation/serviceability - provide extra long
  wiring.

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Types of Customization

• Visual Customization
• Non-automotive example prescription eyewear that
  allows sunglass lenses to be attached.

snaps or magnetic features for clip-on lenses
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identification of opportunities- design frames
  with receptacles that allow them to be used with
  either clip-on or magnetic attachable sunglasses.
  
• Standardizing interfaces - use standard size and
  shape of frame/lens and clip-on lens interface.

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Types of Customization

• Safety Customization
• Includes modifications that make the product
  safer to use.
• No direct effect on product performance, but may
  be necessary as a result of a performance
  modification (i.e. drag race car needs a roll
  cage and/or parachute if performance exceeds a
  limit).

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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identifying opportunities - design the rear seats
  to accommodate different types of child safety
  seats (old style without tether, new style
  w/tether, ISO-FIX, etc.).
• Identification of opportunities - design for lap
  and shoulder belts in all three locations of the
  rear seat.

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Types of Customization

• Principles applied (cont)
• Standardizing interfaces - design rear seat
  dimensions and child seat attachment points to
  accommodate common types of child seats.

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Types of Customization

• Safety Customization
• Child seat example (cont)-
• Include ISO-FIX attachment points.
• Standardize belt and buckle configurations.
• Allow for tether attachment

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Types of Customization

• Safety Customization child seat example (cont)

This is a back seat with the ISO-fix child seat
brackets and tether attachment. The child seat
attaches at these three points.
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Types of Customization
Tether attachments
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Types of Customization

• Safety Customization child seat example (cont)

ISO-fix bar
ISO-fix bar as installed
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Types of Customization

• Safety Customization non-automotive example Home
  security system.

This home has been pre-wired for a home security
system.
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identification of opportunities - design a new
  house to easily add an alarm system at a later
  date.
• Installation - pre-wiring for alarm sensors

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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Enhances product performance such as
  acceleration, deceleration, speed, efficiency,
  and durability.

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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Automotive example
• Supercharging an engine is one of the most common
  aftermarket modifications.

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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization Supercharger example
  (cont)

Before After
supercharger
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Identification of opportunities - design engine
  packaging to allow space for a supercharger.
• System robustness - design lower end of engine
  (block, crank, rods, pistons, bearings etc.) to
  be able to handle a percentage increase in power
  over advertised numbers.

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Types of Customization

• Principles applied (cont)
• System robustness Increase validation/testing
  requirements and redesign as needed.
• Installation leave FEAD architecture open to
  allow blower belt to be added.

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Types of Customization

• Principles applied (cont)
• Identification of opportunities- design air inlet
  tube to allow for blower inlet to be added-(may
  use modular design as opposed to one solid piece
  for stock tube).

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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Non-automotive example
• Add a suspension fork to a mountain bike.

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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Bike fork example (cont)

Standard non-suspended front fork.
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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Bike fork example (cont)

Aftermarket Suspension fork
Uses standard frame interface
Uses standard quick release wheel mounting
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Types of Customization

• Performance Customization
• Bike fork example (cont)

Suspension fork added
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Types of Customization

• Principles applied
• Standardization of interfaces - design bike frame
  to accept standard fork sizes.
• Standardization of interfaces - design wheel
  attachment for quick release (common among
  mountain bikers).

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Design for Customization

• The previous slides were examples of products
  designed for customization.

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Design for Customization

• Revisiting the vintage computer example, the
  first PCs were not designed well for user
  friendly customization.

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Design for Customization
For example, the 1984 Apple Macintosh had an
integral CPU, floppy disk drive and monitor. This
prevented the user from potentially upgrading any
of these components.
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Design for Customization

• DFC principles that were not followed
• Identification of opportunities they did not
  anticipate a need for upgrading the monitor, hard
  drive, or other hardware.
• Simplification of interfaces the computer was
  not partitioned into functional chunks.

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Design for Customization

• DFC principles that were not followed
• Installation cannot easily physically upgrade
  the functional hardware elements.
• Adaptability the computer could not adapt to
  upgraded or improved hardware.

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Design for Customization
Over time, the computer industry began to apply
these principles to the PC, resulting in one of
the most customizable consumer products offered
today.
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Design for Customization
Removable CDROM drive, floppy drive.
Separate monitor, CPU and keyboard
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Design for Customization

• Design for Customization
• Introduction to DFC
• Key Principles of DFC
• DFC Considerations
• DFC Process
• Heuristics
• Types of Customization
• Examples
• References

106
References

• Mark Rushbrook - Mustang Customization Leader,
  Ford Motor Company
• Brian Phillips - Mustang Customization Engineer,
  Ford Motor Company
• UDM MPD Design for Serviceability Lecture Notes
• Muscle Mustangs and Fast Fords, December 2001
• Tracy Kohler - Experimental Vehicles Technician,
  Ford Motor Company
• www.mustangworld.com
• www.classicdesignconcepts.com
• www.corral.net
• www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfCompu
  ters/
• Ford Freestar, Vehicle Personalization, Ford
  Motor Company 2003
•