IMPACT OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1945-1970

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IMPACT OF POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1945-1970

• SSUSH23 The student will describe and assess the
  impact of political developments between 1945 and
  1970.
• a. Describe the Warren Court and the expansion of
  individual rights as seen in the Miranda
  decision.
• b. Describe the political impact of the
  assassination of President John F. Kennedy
  include the impact on civil rights legislation.
• c. Explain Lyndon Johnsons Great Society
  include the establishment of Medicare.
• d. Describe the social and political turmoil of
  1968 include the assassinations of Martin Luther
  King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and the events
  surrounding the Democratic National Convention.

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POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• 1.BETWEEN 1940S AND 1960S, POLITICAL ACTIONS AND
  DECISIONS RESOLVED MANY ISSUES.
• 2.INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, CIVIL RIGHTS, AND SOCIAL
  WELFARE WERE ADDRESSED.

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SCOTUS THE WARREN COURT

• 1. 1950S, 1960S SCOTUS CHIEF JUSTICE, EARL
  WARREN, AKA, WARREN COURT
• 2. LANDMARK DECISIONS
• 3. EXAMPLES
• 1)BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION, 1954, SCOTUS
• 2)MIRANDA V. ARIZONA, 1963, POLICE MUST INFORM
  SUSPECTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AT THE TIME OF
  ARREST
• (THIS DECISION STRENGTHENED AMERICANS INDIVIDUAL
  RIGHTS.)
• 3)RIGHT OF FREE SPEECH PROTECTS STUDENTS WHO WEAR
  ARMBANDS AS ANTI-WAR PROTEST ON SCHOOL GROUNDS

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BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION
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LINDA BROWN THOMPSON

•  . . well. like I say, we lived in an integrated
  neighborhood and I had all of these playmates of
  different nationalities. And so when I found out
  that day that I might be able to go to their
  school, I was just thrilled, you know. And I
  remember walking over to Sumner school with my
  dad that day and going up the steps of the school
  and the school looked so big to a smaller child.
  And I remember going inside and my dad spoke with
  someone and then he went into the inner office
  with the principal and they left me out . . . to
  sit outside with the secretary. And while he was
  in the inner office, I could hear voices and hear
  his voice raised, you know, as the conversation
  went on. And then he immediately came out of the
  office, took me by the hand and we walked home
  from the school. I just couldn't understand what
  was happening because I was so sure that I was
  going to go to school with Mona and Guinevere,
  Wanda, and all of my playmates.

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CHIEF JUSTICE EARL WARREN

• Earl Warren (March 19, 1891  July 9, 1974) was
  the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and
  the only person ever elected three times as
  Governor of California.
• The Warren Court became recognized as a high
  point in the use of the judicial power in the
  effort to effect social progress in the U.S.
  Warren himself became widely regarded as one of
  the most influential Supreme Court justices in
  the history of the United States and perhaps the
  single most important jurist of the 20th century.
• Warren was the last Chief Justice born in the
  19th century.

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THE WARREN COURT

• Ernesto Arturo Miranda (March 9, 1941 January
  31, 1976) was a laborer whose conviction on
  kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery charges based
  on his confession under police interrogation
  resulted in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case
  (Miranda v. Arizona), which ruled that criminal
  suspects must be informed of their right against
  self-incrimination and their right to consult
  with an attorney prior to questioning by police.
  This warning is known as a Miranda warning.

• ERNESTO MIRANDA

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MIRANDA

• You have the right to remain silent. If you give
  up that right, anything you say can and will be
  used against you in a court of law. You have the
  right to an attorney and to have an attorney
  present during questioning. If you cannot afford
  an attorney, one will be provided to you at no
  cost. During any questioning, you may decide at
  any time to exercise these rights, not answer any
  questions or make any statements. Do you
  understand these rights as I have read them to
  you?

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ASSASSINATIONS OF THE 1960S

• THE YEAR 1968 WAS A DEFINING MOMENT IN HISTORY OF
  THE UNITED STATES.
• 1.PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY, NOV.,1963
• 2.MARTIN LUTHER KING, APR., 1968
• 3.ROBERT F. KENNEDY, JUNE, 1968

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ASSASSINATION OF JOHN F. KENNEDY

• 1. NOV., 1963, DALLAS, TX
• 2. JFKS ASSASSINATION SHOWED RESILENCE OF U.S.
  GOVERNMENT.
• 3. JFKS ASSASSINATION GAVE THE NEW PRESIDENT,
  LYNDON JOHNSON (LBJ), THE OPPORTUNITY TO PUSH HIS
  PLATFORM, THE GREAT SOCIETY.

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• 4. LBJS GREAT SOCIETY
• 1)ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT, 1964, LBJS WAR ON
  POVERTY
• 2)CIVIL RIGHTS ACT, 1964, OUTLAWED SEGREGATION IN
  USA PUBLIC
• 3)MEDICARE
• 4)IMPROVEMENTS IN EDUCATION
• 5)PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT
• 6)REFORMING IMMIGRATION

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GREAT SOCIETY, MEDICARE

• Medicare is a social insurance program
  administered by the United States government,
  providing health insurance coverage to people who
  are aged 65 and over, or who meet other special
  criteria. It was originally signed into law on
  July 30, 1965, by President Lyndon B. Johnson as
  amendments to Social Security legislation. At the
  bill-signing ceremony President Johnson enrolled
  former President Harry S. Truman as the first
  Medicare beneficiary and presented him with the
  first Medicare card.

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ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• 1.APR, 1968, MEMPHIS, TN
• 2. The assassination led to a nationwide wave of
  riots in more than 100 cities. President Lyndon
  B. Johnson declared April 7 a national day of
  mourning for the civil rights leader.
• 3.ROBERT F. KENNEDY, RUNNING FOR PRESIDENT AT THE
  TIME, CALLED FOR CALM.
• 4. ONE WEEK AFTER MLKS DEATH, CONGRESS PASSED
  THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968

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ASSASSINATION OF MARTIN LUTHER KING

• And then I got to Memphis. And some began to say
  the threats, or talk about the threats that were
  out. What would happen to me from some of our
  sick white brothers? Well, I don't know what will
  happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead.
  But it doesn't matter with me now. Because I've
  been to the mountaintop. And I don't mind. Like
  anybody, I would like to live a long life.
  Longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned
  about that now. I just want to do God's will. And
  He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And
  I've looked over. And I've seen the promised
  land. I may not get there with you. But I want
  you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will
  get to the promised land. And I'm happy, tonight.
  I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing
  any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the
  coming of the Lord.

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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929  April
  4, 1968)
• A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights
  activist early in his career. He led the 1955
  Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the
  Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957,
  serving as its first president.
• King's efforts led to the 1963 March on
  Washington, where King delivered his I Have a
  Dream speech. There, he raised public
  consciousness of the civil rights movement and
  established himself as one of the greatest
  orators in U.S. history.

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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• In 1964, King became the youngest person to
  receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end
  racial segregation and racial discrimination
  through civil disobedience and other non-violent
  means. By the time of his death in 1968, he had
  refocused his efforts on ending poverty and
  opposing the Vietnam War, both from a religious
  perspective.

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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in
  Memphis, Tennessee. He was posthumously awarded
  the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977 and
  Congressional Gold Medal in 2004 Martin Luther
  King, Jr. Day was established as a U.S. national
  holiday in 1986.
• King was shot at 601 p.m. April 4, 1968 while he
  was standing on the motel's second floor balcony.
  The bullet entered through his right cheek
  smashing his jaw and then traveled down his
  spinal cord before lodging in his shoulder.
  According to Jesse Jackson, who was present,
  King's last words on the balcony were to musician
  Ben Branch, who was scheduled to perform that
  night at an event King was attending "Ben, make
  sure you play Take My Hand, Precious Lord in the
  meeting tonight. Play it real pretty." Abernathy
  heard the shot from inside the motel room and ran
  to the balcony to find King on the floor.

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MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

• LORRAINE MOTEL, MEMPHIS, TN

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ASSASSINATION OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY

• Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (November 20,
  1925June 6, 1968), also called RFK, was an
  American statesman. He was United States Attorney
  General from 1961 to 1964 and a United States
  Senator from New York from 1965 until his
  assassination in 1968. He was one of the younger
  brothers of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and
  also one of his most trusted advisers, working
  closely with the president during the Cuban
  Missile Crisis. He also made a significant
  contribution to the African-American Civil Rights
  Movement.

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ASSASSINATION OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY

• Kennedy declared his candidacy FOR PRESIDENT on
  March 16, 1968 in the same room that his brother
  declared his candidacy 8 years earlier, he
  stated, "I do not run for the Presidency merely
  to oppose any man, but to propose new policies. I
  run because I am convinced that this country is
  on a perilous course and because I have such
  strong feelings about what must be done, and I
  feel that I'm obliged to do all I can."

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ASSINATION OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY

• On June 4, 1968, Kennedy scored a major victory
  when he won the California primary. He addressed
  his supporters in the early morning hours of June
  5, 1968 in a ballroom at the Ambassador Hotel in
  Los Angeles. Leaving the ballroom, he went
  through the hotel kitchen after being told it was
  a shortcut,24 despite being advised to avoid
  the kitchen by his bodyguard, FBI agent Bill
  Barry. In a crowded kitchen passageway, Sirhan
  Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian, opened fire
  with a .22 caliber revolver and shot Kennedy in
  the head at close range. Following the shooting,
  Kennedy was rushed to The Good Samaritan Hospital
  where he died early the next morning

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THE KENNEDY BROTHERS
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TET OFFENSIVE

• VIETCONG LAUNCHED AN OFFENSIVE IN SOUTH VIETNAM
  ATTACKING 100 CITIES AND U.S. MILITARY BASES.
• MANY AMERICANS TURNED AGAINST WAR AND LBJ, WHO
  CLAIMED N. VIETNAM AND VIETCONG WERE NEAR DEFEAT.

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THE DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1968

• 1. CHICAGO, IL
• 2. REMEMBERED FOR SCENES WHERE POLICE ARMED CLUBS
  AND TEAR GAS VIOLENTLY BEAT ANTI-VIETNAM WAR
  PROTESTERS ON LIVE TV
• 3. SOME WONDERED IF U.S. FORM OF GOVT COULD
  TOLERATE DISSENT.