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Human Health and Disease Bacteria

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Human Health and Disease Bacteria Bacteria: Characteristics: Prokaryotic Kingdom Monera Single-celled organism with no membrane-bound organelles Reproduce asexually ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Human Health and Disease Bacteria


1
Human Health and DiseaseBacteria
2
Bacteria
  • Characteristics
  • Prokaryotic
  • Kingdom Monera
  • Single-celled organism with no membrane-bound
    organelles
  • Reproduce asexually
  • Components Cell wall, Cell membrane, cytosol,
    ribosomes and DNA plasmids. Some have cilia or
    flagella for movement

3
Shapes of bacteria Bacillus (rod-shaped), Cocci
(round), Spirillum (corkscrew-shaped)
Bacillus Example Anthrax
ispub.com
nanopatentsandinnovations.blogspot.com
4
Cocci Example streptococcus (causes strep
throat)
medschool.lsuhsc.edu
hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu
5
Spirillum/Spirochetes Example Treponema
pallidum- causes syphilis
www2a.cdc.gov
www2a.cdc.gov
www.kellykite.com
6
Gram-positive Bacteria
Types of bacteria
  • Possess a thick peptide layer which retains a
    stain called crystal violet. Appear purple when
    viewed under a microscope.

7
Gram-negative Bacteria
  • have a thin peptide layer, take up the pink
    stain, and appear pink when viewed under a
    microscope.

8
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9
How Bacteria Cause Disease
  • Metabolizing the host-
  • Heterotrophic bacteria obtain nutrients by
    secreting enzymes that break down organic
    structures and absorb them
  • If the environment is your throat or lungs, this
    can cause serious problems!
  • Ex.
  • Tuberculosis bacteria settle into the lungs and
    use human tissue as their nutrients
  • Propionibacterium acnes causes acne

10
  • Toxins-
  • Some bacteria secrete chemical compounds into
    their environment which are poisonous to
    eukaryotic cells (toxic)
  • Ex. Diptheria grows in the throat, but the toxins
    attack the heart, nerve, liver and kidneys
  • Food poisoning occurs when humans eat food where
    bacteria have grown and produced toxins

11
What can you do?
  • Protect your food
  • Heat
  • Freeze
  • Dry

12
Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
  • Forty or fifty years ago, thanks to antibiotics,
    scientists thought medicine had all but
    eradicated infectious agents as a major health
    threat.
  • More recently, an upsurge of infectious disease
    is a problem we have unwittingly created for
    ourselves b/c
  • rapid, frequent, and relatively cheap
    international travel allows diseases to leap from
    continent to continent
  • Many people have inadequate sanitation and lack
    of clean drinking water
  • We have overused the "miracle drugs to treat
    such diseases to the point that they lose their
    potency

13
  • Whenever antibiotics wage war on microorganisms,
    a few of the enemy are able to survive the drug.
  • Because microbes are always mutating, some random
    mutation eventually will protect against the
    drug.
  • Antibiotics used only when needed and as directed
    usually overwhelm the bugs.
  • Too much antibiotic use selects for more
    resistant mutants.
  • When patients cut short the full course of drugs,
    the resistant strains have a chance to multiply
    and spread.

14
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