Assistant Referee Course

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Assistant Referee Course
OBJECTIVES
Understand what to expect from U-10 players Be
able to perform pre-game duties Know the parts of
the field Know the number of players in each age
group Recognize ball in and out of play
2
Assistant Referee Course
OBJECTIVES
Understand method of scoring Know how to start,
when to stop and how to restart play Basic
understanding of fouls and free kicks
3
Assistant Referee Course
OBJECTIVES
Understand basics of offside Use appropriate
signals Manage post-game situations Understand
the AYSO Team concept
4
AYSO Philosophies
Everyone Plays Balanced Teams Open
Registration Positive Coaching Good
Sportsmanship Player Development
5
AYSO Philosophies

• Everyone Plays
• Our programs goal is for kids to play soccer
  so we mandate that every player on every team
  must play at least half of every game

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AYSO Philosophies

• Balanced Teams
• Each year we form new teams as evenly balanced as
  possible because it is fair and more fun when
  teams of equal ability play

7
AYSO Philosophies

• Open Registration
• Our program is open to all children between 4½
  and 19 years of age who want to register and play
  soccer. Interest and enthusiasm are the only
  criteria for playing
• Some of our regions even have VIP Programs that
  provide a quality soccer experience for those
  with physical or mental disabilities

8
AYSO Philosophies

• Positive Coaching
• Encouragement of player effort provides for
  greater enjoyment by the players and ultimately
  leads to better-skilled and better-motivated
  players

OSITIVE
P
I
E
NSTRUCTIONAL
NCOURAGING
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AYSO Philosophies

• Good Sportsmanship
• We strive to create a positive environment based
  on mutual respect rather than a win-at-all-costs
  attitude, and our program is designed to instill
  good sportsmanship in every facet of AYSO

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AYSO Philosophies
Player Development We believe that all players
should be able to develop their soccer skills and
knowledge to the best of their abilities, both
individually and as members of a team, in order
to maximize their enjoyment of the game.
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AYSO Philosophies
Everyone Plays Balanced Teams Open
Registration Positive Coaching Good
Sportsmanship Player Development
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AYSO Team
PARENTS
REFEREES
KIDS
COACHES
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AYSO Team
AYSO Team Rules

• Work Together
• Help Each Other
• Protect Each Other
• Do Our Best

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History of the Game
Soccer is known as Football outside the
USA Earliest organized game was called
Harpastum, played by the Romans. It was very
brutal. But a heck of a lot of fun !!
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History of the Game
The modern game dates from 1863 when the Laws of
the Game were established at a London pub Two
factions split from one another. One was
Rugby. The other was Football (soccer)
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History of the Game
FIFA (Federation International de Football
Association) governs the worldwide game
USSF (United States Soccer Federation) is the
national governing body
AYSO is a National Association member of USSF
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Spirit of the Game
The Spirit of the Game can be summarized in three
simple words Fun Fair Safe
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Philosophy of Refereeing

• The Laws of the Game are intended to provide that
  games should be played with as little
  interference as possible, and in this view it is
  the duty of the referee to penalize only
  deliberate breaches of the Law.
• Constant whistling for trifling and doubtful
  breaches produces bad feelings and loss of temper
  on the part of the players and spoils the
  pleasure of spectators.

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Philosophy of Refereeing

• In the younger players games, the referee is
  more of a friendly guide than policeman.
• Young players that commit technical errors (like
  taking a restart improperly) generally should be
  given a second chance.
• Young players should never be subjected to public
  humiliation.

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Checking for Learning
How many Philosophies does AYSO have? SIX Name
three of the six AYSO Philosophies. Everyone
Plays, Balanced Teams, Open Registration,
Positive Coaching, Good Sportsmanship, Player
Development What acronym is used to describe how
coaches are to behave with their players?
PIE
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Checking for Learning
What does the acronym PIE stand
for? Positive Instructional Encouraging How many
members are on the AYSO Team? THREE Name two of
the four AYSO Team rules. Work
together, Help each other, Protect each other,
Do their best
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Checking for Learning
Which AYSO team member is the foundation of the
program? The Coach What three words embody the
Spirit of the Laws of the Game? FUN FAIR
SAFE Should a young player who misbehaves be
publicly disciplined as an example? No
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Understanding Younger Players
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U-6 PlayersPhysical Characteristics
Early stages of development   Can run, jump and
skip, but motor skills are still
developing   Lots of energy, but in bursts. Can
still tire easily   Cant sit still long
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U-6 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics
Craves praise and attention  Fearful of
unknowns Needs encouragement Rapid and
unpredictable mood changes Disposition to
telling tall tales
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U-6 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics
Lacks judgment regarding own safety/abilities  Do
es not think logically  Asks lots of
questions  Fond of stories
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U-8 PlayersPhysical Characteristics
Plays hard and works at playing hard  Sense of
timing is developing Eye-hand coordination has
improved Agility and endurance much better than
U-6 U-8 can now balance on one foot
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U-8 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics
Starting to define likes and dislikes  Friendship
is important Play needs a purpose Afraid of
failure Need for honesty training Starting to
compare self to others
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U-8 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics
Self-esteem and self concept a big
issue Becoming more outgoing Peer acceptance is
very important Quick to tattle Cooperative with
adults Interested in belonging to group
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U-8 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics
Beginning to understand moral rules of
behavior  Can solve some problems Starting to
grasp the Team concept Understands the viewpoint
of others
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U-8 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics
Needs concrete reinforcement Treats every little
mistake as a major crime Rigidly interprets
ideas of justice and fair play  
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U-10 PlayersPhysical Characteristics
More interested in competitive activities  More
interested in improving skills Attention span is
increasing May accept a physical touch, but some
will begin to reject it
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U-10 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics
Group acceptance is important Wants to be
liked  Feelings are easily hurt May blame
others to explain their own mistakes Needs
reinforcement
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U-10 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics
Can recall details with accuracy Can understand
the concept of cause and effect Enjoys
attention but their reaction to praise may be
more subdued Still takes what is said quite
literally
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Understanding Younger Players
Implications for how we officiate these games
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Dealing with Coaches/Spectators
Use the AYSO Team concept to enlist
cooperation Remain calm and professional Maintain
control of your emotions Intervene early to
prevent escalation (A smile, wink or look can
defuse a bad situation) Keep adults focused on
creating an enjoyable experience for the players
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Field of Play
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early Check field and equipment Introduce
yourself to the Coaches Check players
equipment Brief Assistant Referees Conduct coin
toss
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early At least 15 minutes prior to game
time (20-30 mins if first game of the day) In
proper uniform
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Arrive early With required equipment
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Pre-game Duties and Activities

• The Ball
• Spherical and safe (not torn)
• Firm, but yields ¼ inch to thumb pressure
• Size 3 for U-6 U-8
• Size 4 for U-10

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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Check Field and Equipment Markings Holes, glass,
rocks, debris, etc. Goals (properly secured) Nets
(secured, no holes/gaps) Corner flags Ball
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Introduce yourself to the Coaches Learn their
names and write them down Be approachable Not
flippant, cold or arrogant
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Check players equipment Team Uniform Shirt,
Shorts, Shoes, Socks, Shinguards If thermal
shorts are worn, they must be the same color as
the shorts Shinguards must be under the
socks Goalkeepers shirt must be distinguishable
from all other players and the referee
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Check players equipment Nothing dangerous (in
your opinion) No jewelry, watches, earrings No
casts or splints (even if padded) Knee braces
are okay, but only if padded and safe to all
players (in your opinion) Medical alert
bracelets may be worn, but must be secured to the
player with tape, cloth wristband or something
similar that is safe. The information must
remain visible
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Brief Assistant Referees Neutral ARs Work as
a team Follow standard signals Discuss
non-standard signals
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Pre-game Duties and Activities
Brief Assistant Referees Club Linesmen Non-neutr
al Explain expectations Put at ease Only call
in/out of play Raise flag straight up when ball
has gone completely over the line.
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Post-game Duties
Collect the game ball and return to
owner. Supervise team handshake Complete lineup
card and misconduct report (if any) Congratulate
referee team and seek feedback
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I
I
X
3
X
Julie Foudy
X
7
Tiffeny Milbrett
9
Cindy Parlow
11
Abby Wambach
Post-game Duties
I
X
13
Kristine Lilly
X
15
Michelle Akers
Blue Angels
Red Devils
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Checking for Learning
During the safety inspection of the players, the
referee notices that a player is wearing
earrings. She explains that she had her ears
pierced the previous day and if she removes the
earrings the holes will close. What should the
referee do? The referee should explain to the
player that earrings are not permitted if she
wishes to play, she must remove them. The
referee may choose to involve the coach.
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Checking for Learning
In a U-8 game, the ball offered by the home team
is a size 4 but otherwise acceptable. What
should the referee do? Point out to the team
that provided the ball that it is the wrong size
and ask for a size 3 ball. If the team cannot
provide one, ask the other team for one. If no
size 3 ball is available, play the match with a
size 4 ball.
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Checking for Learning
During the field inspection, the referee notices
that a goal is being held in place by two bricks
placed on the back of the structure. What
should the referee do? Bricks resting on the
goal structure are not sufficient to anchor it
securely. The referee should inform the coaches
that the goals need to be securely anchored
before the match can start.
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Checking for Learning
The goalkeeper must wear a jersey that is ____
? Different from the referee and all other
players It is not necessary to check the field
prior to the start of the match if it is the last
game of the day. (True/False) False
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Checking for Learning
A club linesman may indicate whether a corner
kick can be awarded or not. (True/False) False.
Club linesmen can only indicate when the ball
has gone over the touchline or the goal line (not
a goal). Knee braces may be worn by a player.
(True/False) True, but only if padded and if it
is safe for all players, in the opinion of the
referee.
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Now that weve finished our pre-game
activities.... How do we start the game?
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Starting the Game
Conduct coin toss Brief introduction (no long
lectures) Doesnt matter who tosses the coin or
who calls it Winner of the coin toss chooses
which goal to attack The other team takes the
kick-off
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Kick-Off
Verify the correct number of players on the
field (no visible or audible counting). Minimum
of seven (7) players on each team for full-sided
regulation games.
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All players must be on their own side
Defenders must be 10 yds from the ball
A
D
A
D
A
D
A
D
D
A
A
A
D
A
D
D
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Kick-Off
The ball is stationary in the center of the
field.
Referee blows whistle to start play. Ball is in
play when kicked and moves forward.
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Keeping Time
Time starts when the ball has been put into play
(kicked and moves forward). The match consists
of two equal periods. The clock is stopped (or
time added) for excessive time lost due to
substitutions, time wasting or unusual
delays. The amount of time lost (if any) is
determined by the referee.
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Checking for Learning
The team that wins the coin toss chooses ____
? Which goal to attack Where should the players
be on a kick-off? Each team should be in its own
half of the field. The team that is not taking
the kick-off must be outside the center circle.
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Stopping the Game

• There are seven reasons to stop play
• Ball goes out of play
• The referee deems it necessary
• Goal is scored
• Foul is committed
• Injury
• Substitution
• Halftime / End of Game

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The lines of the field are part of the area they
define
In Play
In Play
IN
OUT
In Play
Either in the air or on the ground
Out of Play
64
The balls position determines whether it is in
or out of play Not the players position
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Play is stopped when the referee deems it
necessary
Sometimes there are outside influences that make
it necessary to stop play.
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Play is stopped when a goal is scored
When the ball crosses wholly over the goal
line, between the goalposts and beneath the
crossbar.
It does not matter which team put it there.
67
Play is stopped when a foul is committed
This is something that is unfair or unsafe.
68
The fouls that most commonly occur in U-10 and
younger age groups include

• Kicks an opponent
• Trips an opponent
• Pushes an opponent
• Holds an opponent
• Unfairly charges an opponent
• Handles the ball deliberately
• Plays in a dangerous manner
• Goalkeeper takes more than six seconds to put the
  ball into play

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Play is stopped for injuries
ANYTIME
IMMEDIATELY
In younger players games its better to err on
the side of caution
70
Play is stopped for injuries
Blood on clothing must be neutralized. Blood on
the body must be removed.
This is the coachs responsibility
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Play is stopped for substitutions

• There are four opportunities for substitutions
• Injury
• Approx. midway through the first half
• Halftime
• Approx. midway through the second half

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Play is stopped at the end of the first half and
at the end of the game
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Checking for Learning
When can the referee stop play for an
injury? Anytime Immediately A player dribbling
the ball steps over the line. The ball is out of
play. (True/False) False. Its the position of
the ball (not the player) that determines whether
the ball is in play or not.
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Checking for Learning
Is this ball IN or OUT of play?
OUT
IN
IN Play
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Checking for Learning
How many substitution opportunities are there in
a regulation match? Four Name them Approx.
midway through the first half Halftime Approx.
midway through the second half Injury
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Checking for Learning

• A player is injured and leaves the field (with
  the referees permission). What are the coachs
  substitution options?
• The team can play short until the player returns
  to the field (with the referees permission) or
• A substitute can replace the injured player.

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Checking for Learning
A player is injured and leaves the field (with
the referees permission). The coach decides to
substitute the injured player. Which player gets
credit for the quarter? The player that
started the quarter.
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Checking for Learning
If the boundary line of the field is a rut in
the grass and the ball gets caught in the rut as
it rolls, is it in play? Yes. The lines are a
part of the area they define. The ball remains
in play until the entire ball crosses the entire
line.
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Checking for Learning
According to the National Rules and Regulations,
what is the minimum amount of time each team
member must play? Half the game (two quarters)
80
Restarting the Game
For some reason, the game has been stopped.
(Injury, goal, foul, ball out of play, etc.)
How do we restart play?
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Restarting the Game
THROW-IN When the ball passes out of play over a
touch line, play is restarted with a
Throw-in. The throw is taken by the opponents of
the team that last touched the ball. The throw
is taken from the approximate point on the line
where the ball left the field.
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Restarting the Game

• THROW-IN
• At the moment of delivering
• the ball, the thrower must
• Face the field of play
• Have part of each foot touching the ground either
  on or behind the line and
• Use both hands to deliver the ball from behind
  and over the head.

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Restarting the Game

• THROW-IN
• The ball is in play as soon as released and any
  portion of it is on or over the outside edge of
  the touchline.
• Opposing players must be at
• least 2 yds. from the point
• of the throw-in.
• A goal may not be
• scored directly from a throw-in.

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(No Transcript)
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Restarting the Game
GOAL KICK When the whole ball passes over the
goal line, last touched by an attacker (not a
goal), play is restarted with a Goal Kick for the
defending team. The ball is placed anywhere in
the goal area.
86
GOAL KICK All of these balls are legally
placed within the goal area.
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Restarting the Game
GOAL KICK The ball is in play when it leaves the
penalty area into the field of play The kicker
cannot touch the ball a second time until its
touched by any other player. A goal can be
scored directly from a goal kick, but only
against the opposing team.
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Restarting the Game
CORNER KICK When the whole ball passes over the
goal line, last touched by a defender (not a
goal), play is restarted with a Corner Kick for
the attacking team.
The ball is placed anywhere within the corner
arc area.
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Restarting the Game
CORNER KICK
All of these balls are legally placed
90
CORNER KICK Players from the opposing team must
be 10 yds. from the ball. The ball is in play
when it is kicked (with a kicking motion) and
moves. It does not have to leave the corner arc
area. The kicker cannot move the corner flag. A
goal can be scored directly from a corner kick.
91
Restarting the Game
FREE KICKS
A way to restart play when the Referee has
stopped play because of a foul.
There are two types of free kicks Direct Free
Kick Indirect Free Kick
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Restarting the Game
Direct Free Kick (DFK) A goal can be scored
directly from the kick (against the opposing
team) Indirect Free Kick (IFK) The ball must
touch any other player before a goal can be scored
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Restarting the Game
To signal an Indirect Free Kick, the Referee
holds his hand straight up into the air. The
hand remains in this position until the ball
either (a) touches any other player, or (b) goes
out of play.
There is no signal for a Direct Free Kick
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Restarting the Game
The kicker may not touch the ball a second time
until it has touched another player.
Exception If a free kick taken by the defending
team in its own penalty area is touched a second
time before the ball leaves the penalty area, the
kick is retaken.
95

• In most cases a Free Kick (both types) is
• Taken from the location of the foul, and
• In play once it is kicked (with a kicking motion)
  and moves.
• All opponents must

• be 10 yds. from the ball.
• But there are some exceptions.

96
If a free kick of any type is awarded to the
defending team in its own penalty area
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty
Area
97
If a free kick of any type is awarded to the
defending team in its own goal area, the ball can
be placed anywhere in the goal area
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty
Area
98
If an IFK is awarded to the attacking team in its
opponents goal area, the ball is moved out to
the goal area line.
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play once it is kicked and moves.
99
If a Direct Free Kick Foul is awarded to the
attacking team in the opponents penalty area, a
penalty kick is awarded instead.
Direction of Kick
The ball is in play when it is kicked and moves
forward.
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• PENALTY KICK
• (U-10 and above, only)
• A penalty kick is awarded when a direct free kick
  foul has been committed by a team within its own
  penalty area.
• All players (other than the kicker and the
  goalkeeper) must be
• Outside the penalty area and penalty arc
• Behind the ball
• Until the ball is played.

101

• PENALTY KICK
• (U-10 and above, only)
• The goalkeeper must remain on the goal line (but
  can move side-to-side) until the ball is in play.
• The ball is in play
• once it is kicked
• and moves forward.
• The kicker may not touch the ball a second time
  until touched by any other player.

102
Restarting the Game
DROPPED BALL
A way to restart play for an unusual but neutral
reason.
Injury Dog on the field Stray ball
103
DROPPED BALL
The referee drops the ball where it was when play
was stopped. The ball is dropped from the
players waist height. The ball is in play when
it hits the ground. If a player kicks the ball
before it hits the ground, the ball is dropped
again.
104
Checking for Learning
The ball goes completely over the touch line,
last touched by an attacker. What is the
restart? Throw-in for the defending team The
ball goes completely over the goal line (not a
goal), last touched by a defender. What is the
restart? Corner Kick
105
Checking for Learning
Is this ball legally placed for a corner
kick? Yes
106
Checking for Learning
What does this signal indicate? Indirect
Free Kick
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Checking for Learning
How many players must be present for the taking
of a dropped ball? There is no requirement The
ball goes completely over the goal line (not a
goal), last touched by an attacker. What is the
restart? Goal Kick
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OFFSIDE
The Offside Law is the only law that restricts
tactical positioning during dynamic play. The
offside law is intended to ensure that players
earn the right to shoot on goal.
109
OFFSIDE

• Elements of the offside infraction
• Position
• Time of Judgment
• Active Involvement
• All three elements must be present or there
  cannot be an infraction

110
OFFSIDE

• Offside Position
• A Player is in an offside position if he is
• In the opponents half of the field
• Closer to the opponents goal line than at least
  two opponents and
• Closer to the opponents goal line than the ball
• All three elements must be present or the player
  is not in an offside position, and there cannot
  be an infraction

111
Offside Position It is not an offence to be in
an offside position It just means that player
is momentarily off his team. He cannot interfere
with play or any of the opposing players. He
cannot have any involvement in the match. Hes
off his team.
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OFFSIDE
Time of Judgment Offside Position is judged at
the moment the ball touches or is played by one
of his team
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OFFSIDE

• Active Involvement
• A player may be involved in active play by
• Interfering with play
• Interfering with an opponent or
• Gaining an advantage by being in that position.

114
OFFSIDE
Once all three of these conditions have been
met POSITION TIME OF JUDGMENT ACTIVE
INVOLVEMENT An offside infraction has
occurred An indirect free kick is awarded to the
opposing team from the place the infringement
occurred.
115
OFFSIDE
Exceptions There is no offence if a player
receives the ball directly from Goal
Kick Corner Kick Throw-In
116
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A1
D
A2
A
A
D
A
117
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A1
A
A2
A
D
A
118
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A1
A
A2
A
D
A
A
A3
119
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE Goal Kick
A2
A1
A
A
D
A
D
120
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
Deflection off goalpost or goalkeeper
121
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
122
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
A
A
D
D
123
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
A
D
D
A
124
Direction of attack
AR
OFFSIDE
D
A
A
A
D
D
125
Direction of attack
AR
NOT OFFSIDE
D
A
A
D
A
D
126
Direction of attack
Corner Kick
AR
A
A
A
OFFSIDE
D
D
D
127
Key Takeaways It is not an offence to be in an
offside position Wait for Active Involvement
before penalizing for offside The player is not
required to touch the ball for the offside to
be penalized
128
Referee and Asst. Referee Mechanics
129
What are the Duties of the Referee ?

• Keep a record of the match
• Timekeeper
• Scorekeeper
• Control substitutions
• File a written report
• Stop play for injury
• Restart play when it has been stopped
• Suspend/terminate a match for cause

130
REFEREE COMMUNICATION / SIGNALS
Whistle
Voice
Hand
131
REFEREE POSITIONING
132
REFEREE POSITIONING
133
REFEREE POSITIONING
134
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS

• Neutral Assistant Referee
• Indicate ball out of play
• Indicate which side gets
• throw-in, goal kick or corner kick
• Indicate when offside infringement has occurred
• Indicate when substitution is desired
• Assist the referee to control the game

135
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS
Club Linesmen Only indicate ball in-and-out of
play
136
ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS

• FLAG SIGNALS
• Throw-in
• Goal Kick
• Corner Kick
• Offside
• Goal
• Other

137
Key Takeaways The Referees role is to ensure
the game is Fun, Fair and Safe Assistant
Referees assist the Referee The referee team
positions themselves to box play
138
Checking for Learning
Who determines when the half is over? The
Referee Who calls offside? The Referee
139
Checking for Learning
What method of communication by the Referee is
most effective to say to the players Stop
playing I saw a foul? The whistle What is
the Assistant Referees signal for a throw-in
awarded to the attacking team? Faces the field
of play and raises the flag 45 degrees above the
diagonal in his right hand, parallel to the touch
line
140
In AYSO, Its about more than the game !