URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

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UPA Package 4, Module 1

• URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

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Urban Poverty Mapping

• Module 4.1 Urban Poverty and Data Sources
• Module 4.2 Statistics
• Module 4.3 Geographical Information Systems
• Rationale and Objectives of Educational Package
• Urban Poverty Mapping

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Urban Poverty Mapping

• Lessons (12)
• Exercises (9) based on Netherlands and Enschede
  data
• Exercises (3) based on Cebu data
• Self study
• Exam

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Urban Poverty, Remote Sensing and GIS

• Urban Poverty (package 1), Land (package 2) and
• Settlement Improvement (package 3)
• Slums, Poverty and Inequity
• Remote Sensing, can you see the poor?
• GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

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Multi-dimensions of Poverty (Educational Package
1)
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90of the population growth between 2000 and 2030
will take place in the cities of the developing
world
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Urban Growth
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(No Transcript)
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Access to Land and Security of Tenure
(Educational Package 2)

• Background of insecure tenure (poverty /
  invasions AND weak institutional/legal
  frameworks)
• Importance of (de-facto) security of tenure for
  settlement development
• Policies, programmes and (project) interventions
• 27 minutes video BBC World Land Rites / Negative
  impact of forced evictions

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Security of Land Tenure

• Security of tenure describes an agreement between
  an individual or group on land and residential
  property which is governed and regulated by a
  legal and administrative framework. The security
  derives from the fact that the right of access to
  and use of the land and property is underwritten
  by a known set of rules, and that this right is
  justifiable. The tenure can be effected in a
  variety of ways, depending on constitutional and
  legal frameworks, social norms, cultural values,
  and to some extent, individual preferences
  (UNCHS, 1999).

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Security of Land Tenure
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Land Management and Poverty Alleviation

• How the poor lose their place in the city
• Urbanization, Informal developments,
  displacement, gentrification, resettlement
• How the poor regain their place in the city
• Tenure improvement and settlement upgrading

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Slums, Poverty, Inequity
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The Urbanization of Poverty
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Cities without Slums the Inclusive City

• A Dwelling is a Slum if one, or more, of these
  criteria are missing
• Access to improved water and access to improved
  sanitation
• Sufficient living area, not overcrowded
• Structural quality / durability of dwellings
• Security of Tenure

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Slums of the World
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Slum Trend 1990 - 2001
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Cities Places for the Rich and the Poor
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Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?

• Poverty Line and Living Conditions

Basic Needs Below Poverty Line Above Poverty Line
Unsatisfied Structural Poor Potential Non-Poor
Satisfied New Poor Non-Poor
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Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor?

• Visible characteristics of slums
• Dwelling size, building material, morphology,
  location, density, dispersed or concentrated,
  others?
• Are slum dwellers socio-economic homogenous?
• Non-visible characteristics of poverty
• New poor, hidden poverty

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Remote Sensing

• Ground photos / aerial photographs and satellite
  images
• Technical specifications (spatial resolution)

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Spatial Resolution
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Remote Sensing
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GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

• Geo-Visualizatio
• Aggregation/dis-aggregation (Addis, Kebeles /
  Sub-cities)
• Participatory Approach (Nakuru)
• Poverty Mapping Methodologies (World Bank)
• GIS gluing (spatial) data producers,
  institutional collaboration
• Where are the poor? What can be done?